Analysis of COVID-19 Resulting Cough Using Formants and Automatic Speech Recognition System.

As part of our contributions to researches on the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic worldwide, we have studied the cough changes to the infected people based on the Hidden Markov Model (HMM) speech recognition classification, formants frequency and pitch analysis. In this paper, An HMM-based cough recognition system was implemented with 5 HMM states, 8 Gaussian Mixture Distributions (GMMs) and 13 dimensions of the basic Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC) with 39 dimensions of the overall feature vector. A comparison between formants frequency and pitch extracted values is realized based on the cough of COVID-19 infected people and healthy ones to confirm our cough recognition system results. The experimental results present that the difference between the recognition rates of infected and non-infected people is 6.7%. Whereas, the formant analysis variation based on the cough of infected and non-infected people is clearly observed with F1, F3, and F4 and lower for F0 and F2.

COVID-19 assessment using HMM cough recognition system.

This paper is a part of our contributions to research on the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic around the world. This research aims to use Hidden Markov Model (HMM) based automatic speech recognition system to analyze the cough signal and determine whether the signal belongs to a sick or healthy speaker. We built a configurable model by using HMMs, Gaussian Mixture Models (GMMs), Mel frequency spectral coefficients (MFCCs) and a cough corpus collected from healthy and sick voluntary speakers. Our proposed method is able to classify dry cough with sensitivity from 85.86% to 91.57%, differentiate the dry cough, and cough COVID-19 symptom with specificity from 5 to 10%. The obtained results are very encouraging to enrich our corpus with more data and increase the performance of our diagnostic system.

The Impact of TPA Auxiliary Donor and the π-Linkers on the Performance of Newly Designed Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells: Computational Investigation.

The efficiency of the newly designed dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) containing triphenylamine, diphenylamine (TPA), phenothiazine, and phenoxazine as donors and triazine, phenyl with D1-D2-π-linker-π-(A)2 architecture has been investigated using density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent (TD-DFT) methods. These methods were used to investigate the geometrical structures, electronic properties, absorption, photovoltaic properties, and chemical reactivity. Furthermore, the calculated results indicate that different architectures can modify the energy levels of HOMO and LUMO and reduce the energy gap. The absorption undergoes a redshift displacement. This work aims at calculating the structural geometries and the electronic and optical properties of the designed dyes. Furthermore, the dye adsorption characteristics, such as the optoelectronic properties and the adsorption energies in the TiO2 clusters, were calculated with counterpoise correction and discussed.

A Hybrid Robust Image Watermarking Method Based on DWT-DCT and SIFT for Copyright Protection.

In this paper, a robust hybrid watermarking method based on discrete wavelet transform (DWT), discrete cosine transform (DCT), and scale-invariant feature transformation (SIFT) is proposed. Indeed, it is of prime interest to develop robust feature-based image watermarking schemes to withstand both image processing attacks and geometric distortions while preserving good imperceptibility. To this end, a robust watermark is embedded in the DWT-DCT domain to withstand image processing manipulations, while SIFT is used to protect the watermark from geometric attacks. First, the watermark is embedded in the middle band of the discrete cosine transform (DCT) coefficients of the HL1 band of the discrete wavelet transform (DWT). Then, the SIFT feature points are registered to be used in the extraction process to correct the geometric transformations. Extensive experiments have been conducted to assess the effectiveness of the proposed scheme. The results demonstrate its high robustness against standard image processing attacks and geometric manipulations while preserving a high imperceptibility. Furthermore, it compares favorably with alternative methods.

Theoretical investigation on π-spacer effect of the D-π-A organic dyes for dye-sensitized solar cell applications: a DFT and TD-BHandH study.

In this paper, we present a series of sensitizers to shed light on the influence of π-spacers on the performance of dye-sensitized solar cells. We have accurately calculated key properties in energy conversion, including sunlight absorption, electron injection, electron/hole reorganization energy, ionization potential (IP) and electronic affinity (EA). We chose a series of donor-π-acceptor dyes based on methyl-indole-carbazole as the electron donor group and cyano-acrylic acid as an acceptor with various π-conjugated systems. The results obtained show that, with incorporation of the thieno(3,4-b)pyrazine in the two π-spacer parts, D4 may be the best candidate among the dyes studied, due to its many advantages such as low gap energy, red-shift absorption spectra, large ΔGInj, low hole/electron reorganization energies, low IP and high EA, which indicate its better optoelectronic properties, which present more balanced transport rates and provide good injection ability. Graphical abstract Absorption spectra in gaz phase, obtained by CAM-B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) with solar spectrum.

Chalcogen-chalcogen bonds in edge-sharing square-planar d8 complexes. Are they possible?

A theoretical study of the formation of X-X bonds in complexes with the general formula [M(2)(mu-X)(2)L(4)] (M = group 10 and X = group 16 elements) having d(8) transition-metal atoms is presented. The existence of two energy minima for some complexes, with short and long X-X distances, is shown by density functional theory calculations, and the factors responsible for it are analyzed, including a strong influence of the nature of the metals and ligands on the relative stability of the two isomers. The influence of the bite angle of chelating terminal ligands and the nature of the donor atom on the relative stabilities of the two isomers are also discussed.

Electrochemical and theoretical study of the redox properties of transition metal complexes with [Pt2S2] cores.

The oxidation processes undergone by the [Pt2(mu-S)2] core in [Pt2(P[intersection]P)2(mu-S)2](P[intersection]P = Ph2P(CH2)nPPh2, n= 2,3) complexes have been analysed on the basis of electrochemical measurements. The experimental results are indicative of two consecutive monoelectronic oxidations after which the [Pt2(mu-S)2] core evolves into [Pt2(mu-S2)]2+, containing a bridging disulfide ligand. However, the instability of the monoxidised [Pt2(P[intersection]P)2(mu-S)2]+ species formed initially, which converts into [Pt3(P[intersection]P)3(mu-S)2]2+, hampered the synthesis and characterisation of the mono and dioxidised species. These drawbacks have been surpassed by means of DFT calculations which have also allowed the elucidation of the structural features of the species obtained from the oxidation of [Pt2(P[intersection]P)2(mu-S)2] compounds. The calculated redox potentials corresponding to the oxidation processes are consistent with the experimental data obtained. In addition, calculations on the thermodynamics of possible processes following the degradation of [Pt2(P[intersection]P)2(mu-S)2]+ are fully consistent with the concomitant formation of monometallic [Pt(P[intersection]P)S2)] and trimetallic [Pt3(P[intersection]P)3(mu-S)2]2+ compounds. Extension of the theoretical study on the [Pt2Te2] core and comparisons with the results obtained for [Pt2S2] have given a more general picture of the behaviour of [Pt2X2](X = chalcogenide) cores subject to oxidation processes.