RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: A population of synovial inflammatory dendritic cells (infDCs) has recently been identified in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and is thought to be monocyte-derived. Here, we investigated the role and source of granulocyte macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in the differentiation of synovial infDC in RA. METHODS: Production of GM-CSF by peripheral blood (PB) and synovial fluid (SF) CD4+ T cells was assessed by ELISA and flow cytometry. In vitro CD4+ T-cell polarisation experiments were performed with T-cell activating CD2/CD3/CD28-coated beads in the absence or presence of pro-Th1 or pro-Th17 cytokines. CD1c+ DC and CD16+ macrophage subsets were flow-sorted and analysed morphologically and functionally (T-cell stimulatory/polarising capacity). RESULTS: RA-SF CD4+ T cells produced abundant GM-CSF upon stimulation and significantly more than RA-SF mononuclear cells depleted of CD4+ T cells. GM-CSF-producing T cells were significantly increased in RA-SF compared with non-RA inflammatory arthritis SF, active RA PB and healthy donor PB. GM-CSF-producing CD4+ T cells were expanded by Th1-promoting but not Th17-promoting conditions. Following coculture with RA-SF CD4+ T cells, but not healthy donor PB CD4+ T cells, a subpopulation of monocytes differentiated into CD1c+ infDC; a process dependent on GM-CSF. These infDC displayed potent alloproliferative capacity and enhanced GM-CSF, interleukin-17 and interferon-γ production by CD4+ T cells. InfDC with an identical phenotype to in vitro generated cells were significantly enriched in RA-SF compared with non-RA-SF/tissue/PB. CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrate a therapeutically tractable feedback loop of GM-CSF secreted by RA synovial CD4+ T cells promoting the differentiation of infDC with potent capacity to induce GM-CSF-producing CD4+ T cells.
Assuntos
Artrite Reumatoide/imunologia , Linfócitos T CD4-Positivos/imunologia , Células Dendríticas/imunologia , Fator Estimulador de Colônias de Granulócitos e Macrófagos/imunologia , Antígenos CD1/análise , Técnicas de Cocultura , Citocinas/biossíntese , Glicoproteínas/análise , Fator Estimulador de Colônias de Granulócitos e Macrófagos/biossíntese , Humanos , Imunofenotipagem , Receptores de Lipopolissacarídeos/análise , Macrófagos/imunologia , Monócitos/imunologia , Osteoartrite/imunologia , Líquido Sinovial/imunologia , Células Th1/imunologiaRESUMO
The effect of integrated textile mill effluent on the haematological characteristic of the fish Heteropneustes fossilis was studied. LC50 values were found to be 34%-38% on 96-24 h duration. Four sub-lethal concentrations were selected for this study. Exposure to effluent caused an increase in large lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophils and basiphil granulocytes and decrease in small lymphocytes in H.fossilis.
Assuntos
Hemolíticos/toxicidade , Resíduos Industriais , Têxteis , Águas Residuárias/toxicidade , Poluentes Químicos da Água/toxicidade , Animais , Peixes-Gato , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Eritrócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Leucócitos/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Murrels (Perciformes; Channidei; Channidae) are unique group of freshwater air breathing fishes having a confined distribution to African and Asian continents. The phylogenetic relationship among eight Channid species viz. Channa aurantimaculata, Channa bleheri, Channa diplogramma, Channa gachua, Channa marulius, Channa punctatus, Channa stewartii and Channa striatus were investigated using RAPD markers. Eight random oligodecamers viz. OPAC03, OPAC05, OPAC07, OPAC09, OPAC19, OPA10, OPA11 and OPA16 were used to generate the RAPD profile. Estimates of Nei's (Genetics, 89:583-590, 1978) unbiased genetic distance (D) demonstrated sufficient genetic divergence to discriminate the samples of different species and the values ranged from 0.3292 to 0.800 The present RAPD analyses strongly substantiate the view of earlier morphological and osteological studies of Channid species, the closer association among species in "gachua" and "marulius" groups.
Assuntos
Perciformes/genética , Técnica de Amplificação ao Acaso de DNA Polimórfico , Animais , Marcadores Genéticos , Índia , Perciformes/anatomia & histologia , Filogenia , Especificidade da EspécieRESUMO
BACKGROUND: It is understood that chronic allograft failure occurs as a result of alloimmune and non-alloimmune injury. Dendritic cells (DC) are thought to be crucial in regulating (allo)immune airway damage and interactions with epithelial cells are likely. Studies in human lung transplantation are limited, however, and the available literature on DC is inconsistent. This study focused on the ex vivo influence of primary bronchial epithelial cells derived from lung allografts on DC differentiation. METHODS: Epithelial cell conditioned media (ECCM) were added to monocytes differentiating into DC under the influence of interleukin-4 and granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor. The resultant cells were compared with DC cultured without ECCM and with monocyte-derived macrophages. Expression of typical DC (eg, CD1a) and macrophage (eg, CD14) markers was assessed by flow cytometry. Phenotypical assessments were complemented by functional studies of mannose receptor-mediated phagocytosis (FITC-dextran uptake) and antigen-presenting capability (mixed lymphocyte reactions). RESULTS: Cells exposed to ECCM expressed significantly lower levels of CD1a than unexposed DC. CD14 expression and phagocytic function were increased. ECCM cultured cells also expressed lower levels of T cell co-stimulatory molecules, secreted an anti-inflammatory cytokine profile and had significantly reduced antigen-presenting capability. CONCLUSION: Using phenotypic and functional approaches, this study has shown that ECCM from lung allografts drives the production of macrophage-like cells from monocytes rather than DC. The data suggest that epithelial cells may restrain airway DC and potential alloimmunity. It is unclear whether the observed effect is specifically seen in lung transplant recipients or is a general property of bronchial epithelial cells. This may reflect a homeostatic inter-relationship between airway epithelial and DC populations relevant both to lung allografts and the lung more generally.
Assuntos
Brônquios/citologia , Células Dendríticas/citologia , Células Epiteliais/citologia , Transplante de Pulmão , Macrófagos/citologia , Monócitos/citologia , Diferenciação Celular , Células Cultivadas , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Citometria de Fluxo , Sobrevivência de Enxerto , Humanos , Pneumopatias/cirurgia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fenótipo , Transplante HomólogoRESUMO
Inter-specific hybrids were produced between the threatened catfish species Mystus gulio x Mystus montanus. The differences in percentage of fertilization and hatching between control and interspecies were significant. The survival of hybrid was significantly lower (24.80 +/- 4.3%) when compared to control (95.1 +/- 3.5%). Time difference in yolk absorption by hybrid (73.30 h) was higher than that of control (72 h). When compared to interspecific fertilized egg the hatching time (24-25 h) and viability of larvae of the control were significantly better. In hybrids more deformed hatchlings (52.7 +/- 4.2 %) were noticed than the control (24.80 +/- 4.3%).
Assuntos
Peixes-Gato/embriologia , Embrião não Mamífero/embriologia , Fertilização in vitro/métodos , Hibridização Genética , Animais , Peixes-Gato/genética , Proliferação de Células , Cruzamentos Genéticos , Embrião não Mamífero/anormalidades , Embrião não Mamífero/citologia , Feminino , Água Doce , Masculino , Fatores de Tempo , Zigoto/citologia , Zigoto/crescimento & desenvolvimentoRESUMO
The effect of different concentrations of 17α-methyl testosterone incorporated diet on growth performance in the fry of Channa punctatus and Cirrhinus mrigala was evaluated. Four different doses of hormone such as 60, 80, 100 and 120â¯mg/kg in C. punctatus and 40, 60, 80 and 100â¯mg/kg in C. mrigala were administered through diet for a period of 90â¯days. Fifth group on a hormone free diet served as a control. The growth performance in terms of length and weight gain of the fry receiving 100â¯mg/kg in C. punctatus and 60â¯mg/kg in C. mrigala were significantly higher than those receiving 80, 120 and 0 (untreated control) mg hormone per kg feed. The highest specific growth rate (0.864⯱â¯1.18%WG d-1) at 100â¯mg/Kg diet and (2.47⯱â¯1.26%WG d-1) at 60â¯mg/kg diet were observed in C. punctatus and C. mrigala respectively, showing positive influence of hormone incorporated diet on the growth performance. However, the survival rate of both the species remained unaffected by different dosages of 17α-methyl testosterone.
RESUMO
Channa gachua were monthly sampled throughout a year and the histological analysis of their ovaries was done to determine the changes occurring in ovarian development. Based on histological examination of the ovaries, the oogenic process of C. gachua undergoes distinct cyclic and seasonal morphological changes. Five different developmental stages were identified under three major categories: pre-spawning (immature, maturing, mature), spawning (ripe-running) and post-spawning (spent). The peak spawning period of C. gachua was noticed during December - February. The gonadosomatic index (GSI) and ova diameter ranged from 0.79 to 3.61% and 543-1123 µm respectively. The highest mean GSI (3.61 ± 0.16) and oocyte diameter (1123 ± 55 µm) were observed in December indicating that during this month the gonadal development reached maturity.
RESUMO
By employing the technique of induced ovulation for artificial fertilization, inter-specific hybrids between the threatened catfish species (Mystus cavasius x M. seenghala) were produced. Fertilization, hatching and survival were significantly different between control and hybrids. The hatching time of the hybrid was significantly lower than that of the control. The average performance viz., hatching time and viability of larvae of the control fish, was significantly better than that of the hybrids. In the hybrid cross, hatchlings were mostly deformed and abnormal and after yolk absorption ultimately succumbed.
Assuntos
Cruzamento , Técnicas de Cultura Embrionária/métodos , Animais , Peixes-Gato , Quimera , Cruzamentos Genéticos , Feminino , Fertilização , Masculino , Especificidade da Espécie , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
O. mossambicus was exposed to sublethal concentrations of a textile mill effluent to study the hematological changes as a function of feeding/starvation, aeration/non-aeration and concentration. Increase in concentration produced a dose dependent increase in RBCs (0.87 x 10(6) to 1.63 x 10(6)/mm3), WBCs (0.070 x 10(6) to 0.520 x 10(6)/mm3), hemoglobin (3.7 to 5.6%) and hematocrit (9.0 to 12.3%) and a decrease in MCV (111.8 to 88.2 microns 3), MCHC (41.05 to 31.35%) and MCH (44.2 to 33.9 pg).
Assuntos
Peixes/sangue , Resíduos Industriais/efeitos adversos , Indústria Têxtil , Poluentes da Água/efeitos adversos , Animais , Contagem de Células Sanguíneas , HematócritoRESUMO
Six sets of feeding experiments were carried out using formulated diets containing prawn head waste (PW), chicken intestine waste (CW), banana flower (BF), cauliflower waste (CAU) Dolicos lab lab (DLL) and groundnut leaf (GNL) in four levels of inclusion (15, 30, 45 and 60%) to assess the pattern of distribution and activities of digestive enzymes like cellulase, amylase, maltase, invertase, protease and lipase in the digestive tracts of Labeo rohita fingerlings. A control group of fish was fed with diets containing antibiotics to destroy the digestive tract microflora which may induce digestive functions. In general, the activity of digestive enzymes depended on the amount and type of the ingredients present in the diets ingested by the fish. Test animals showed both endogenous and bacterial cellulase activities which suggests the necessity for including cellulose (plant protein source) as dietary ingredient. Occurrence of higher amount of cellulase in the foregut and amylase in the fore and midgut influenced by DNL and GNL diets revealed the possibility of including less than 40% of the respective ingredients in the diet of rohu. Maltase and invertase were highly influenced by GNL, DLL and BF diets than PW and CW diets. More than 40% inclusion of PW and CW was found to increase protease and lipase secretion in the midgut and hindgut regions. The higher secretion of lipase in the midgut suggested the physiological versatility for lipid digestion in rohu fingerlings.
Assuntos
Cyprinidae/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Cyprinidae/metabolismo , Proteínas Alimentares/administração & dosagem , Sistema Digestório/enzimologia , Alimentos Formulados , Amilases/metabolismo , Animais , Celulase/metabolismo , Endopeptidases/metabolismo , Glicosídeo Hidrolases/metabolismo , Lipase/metabolismo , Proteínas/metabolismo , alfa-Glucosidases/metabolismo , beta-FrutofuranosidaseAssuntos
Aorta Abdominal , Doenças da Aorta/diagnóstico por imagem , Prótese Vascular/efeitos adversos , Duodenopatias/diagnóstico por imagem , Fístula Intestinal/diagnóstico por imagem , Infecções Relacionadas à Prótese/complicações , Fístula Vascular/diagnóstico por imagem , Idoso , Aorta Abdominal/diagnóstico por imagem , Aorta Abdominal/cirurgia , Aneurisma da Aorta Abdominal/cirurgia , Doenças da Aorta/etiologia , Duodenopatias/etiologia , Humanos , Fístula Intestinal/etiologia , Leucócitos , Masculino , Cintilografia , Compostos Radiofarmacêuticos , Tecnécio Tc 99m Exametazima , Fístula Vascular/etiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Skin imaging devices to aid melanoma diagnosis have been developed in recent years but few have been assessed clinically. OBJECTIVES: To investigate if a spectrophotometric skin imaging device, the SIAscope, could increase a dermatologist's ability to distinguish melanoma from nonmelanoma in a melanoma screening clinic. METHODS: Eight hundred and eighty-one pigmented lesions from 860 patients were prospectively assessed clinically and with the aid of the spectrophotometric device by a dermatologist. Assessment before and after spectrophotometric imaging was made and compared with histology, where available, or with the clinical diagnosis of a dermatologist with 20 years of experience. RESULTS: One hundred and seventy-nine biopsies were performed, with 31 melanomas diagnosed. Sensitivity and specificity for melanoma diagnosis before and after spectrophotometry were 94% and 91% vs. 87% and 91%, respectively, with no significant difference in the area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (0.932 and 0.929). CONCLUSIONS: Our study provides no evidence for the use of SIAscope by dermatologists to help distinguish melanoma from benign lesions.
Assuntos
Melanoma/diagnóstico , Transtornos da Pigmentação/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Cutâneas/diagnóstico , Espectrofotometria/instrumentação , Adulto , Área Sob a Curva , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Melaninas/análise , Melanoma/química , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Projetos Piloto , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Neoplasias Cutâneas/químicaRESUMO
Naevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (NBCCS) or Gorlin syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant cancer disorder. The Gorlin's gene, Patched 1 (PTCH1), maps to Chromosome 9q. Germline mutations of PTCH1 occur in patients with NBCCS. The subsequent loss of the remaining allele results in cancer formation. We present a patient with NBCCS and additional phenotypic features including severe developmental delay, short stature and hypotelorism who was found to have an interstitial chromosome 9q deletion. The NBCCS phenotype in our patient occurred as a result of PTCH1 deletion in contrast with an inherited mutation of this gene.