Research on the brand image of iOS and Android smart phone operating systems based on mixed methods.

Introduction: To analyze the differences in system functions, interaction behaviors and user experience between iOS and Android smart phone operating system, and then study the differences in their brand images, so as to provide theory and research method for shaping corporate brand images from the perspective of product interaction design. Methods: This study was divided into three stages. In the first stage, the functional information architecture of iOS and Android smart phone operating system are studied comparatively by using information visualization methods. In the second stage, the brand image differences between the two systems at the explicit, behavioral and semantic levels are analyzed comparatively by building the "explicit - behavioral - semantic" product brand gene model. In the third stage, the functions of "setting alarm clock", "sharing pictures" and "modifying passwords" were selected for interactive behavior analysis. First, analyze the user experience of the three system functions from the perspective of interaction process and information architecture, and present the analysis results using the method of information visualization.; Secondly, the user experience and brand image differences between the two systems are analyzed by setting up manipulation task experiments. Results: The brand images of iOS and Android systems are similar in conciseness, clearness and efficiency; In terms of uniqueness, iOS system is more unique, while Android system has stronger applicability. Discussion: This study constructs an "explicit-behavior-semantic" brand gene model to create a unique product brand image for software products such as operating systems through interactive design, so as to solve the problem of product brand image homogeneity caused by the convergence of function and interaction design.

Further enhanced dissolution and oral bioavailability of docetaxel by coamorphization with a natural P-gp inhibitor myricetin.

The current study aims to improve the dissolution and oral bioavailability of a BCS IV drug docetaxel (DOC) by coamorphization with a natural P-gp inhibitor myricetin (MYR). A single-phase coamorphous form of DOC with MYR in a 1:1 molar ratio was prepared by solvent-evaporation method and characterized by differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis and powder X-ray diffraction. In comparison to crystalline DOC, amorphous DOC showed similar equilibrium aqueous solubility, temporary improvement in the intrinsic dissolution rate (IDR) and supersaturated dissolution; while coamorphous DOC-MYR exhibited a persistent enhanced IDR and prolonged highly supersaturated dissolution. In addition, coamorphous DOC-MYR demonstrated significantly superior physical stability compared to amorphous DOC under the long-term storage condition and accelerated condition. Compared with oral administration of crystalline DOC to rats, amorphous DOC showed a significant increase in Cmax (2.6-fold) and a marginal increase in AUC (1.3-fold) of DOC; but coamorphous DOC-MYR performed a 3.9-fold higher Cmax and 3.1-fold higher AUC. In conclusion, coamorphization of DOC with MYR was a promising approach to enhance both dissolution and oral absorption of poorly soluble and permeable DOC.

Enhanced oral bioavailability of docetaxel in rats combined with myricetin: In situ and in vivo evidences.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of myricetin on the pharmacokinetics of docetaxel in rats. In comparison to oral docetaxel alone (40mg/kg), the bioavailability of docetaxel could be significantly enhanced by 1.6-2.4-fold via oral co-administration with various flavonoids (apigenin, naringenin, baicalein, quercetin and myricetin) at a dosage of 10mg/kg, and myricetin showed the highest bioavailability improvement. Further pharmacokinetic studies demonstrated that the presence of myricetin (5-20mg/kg) enhanced both Cmax and AUC of docetaxel with the highest Cmax (162ng/mL, 2.3-fold) and relative bioavailability (244%) achieved at 10mg/kg of myricetin, while t1/2 was not influenced. In order to explore the reasons for such bioavailability enhancement of docetaxel, rat in situ single-pass intestinal perfusion model and intravenous docetaxel co-administrated with oral myricetin were carried out. After combining with myricetin, the permeability coefficient (Pblood) of docetaxel based on its appearance in mesenteric blood was significantly increased up to 3.5-fold in comparison to that of docetaxel alone. Different from oral docetaxel, the intravenous pharmacokinetics of docetaxel was not affected by co-administration of myricetin, indicating the limited effect of myricetin on the elimination of docetaxel. The above findings suggested that the oral bioavailability enhancement of docetaxel via co-administration with myricetin might be mainly attributed to the enhanced absorption in gastrointestinal tract rather than modulating the elimination of docetaxel.