Effects of ginsenoside Rh2 on cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in renal tubular epithelial cells by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress.

Nephrotoxicity remains a major adverse reaction of the anticancer drug cisplatin (CDDP) chemotherapy, which is an important risk factor for chronic renal disease. Ginsenoside Rh2 from Panax ginseng has been shown to protect against CDDP-induced nephrotoxicity in vivo, but its pharmacological effect on renal tubular epithelial cells is not clearly understood. This study examined the molecular mechanisms underlying the nephroprotective effects of Rh2 on CDDP-induced HK-2 cells and acute kidney injury (AKI) mice. As a result of Rh2 treatment, CDDP-induced HK-2 cells showed increased cell viability and reduced lactate dehydrogenase release. Moreover, Rh2 ameliorated CDDP-induced mitochondrial membrane potential, increased antioxidant enzyme activities, and reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine expression to reduce damage. Rh2 inhibited apoptosis and enhanced the antioxidant capacity of HK-2 cells by reducing proteins associated with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, as well as by attenuating tunicamycin-induced ER stress. In addition, treatment of CDDP-induced AKI mice with Rh2 substantially reduced blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine levels, attenuated histological damage of kidney. Further, Rh2 also improved kidney function by inhibiting ER stress to support in vitro findings. These results consistently demonstrated that Rh2 protects renal tubular epithelial cells from CDDP-induced nephrotoxicity and apoptosis by restoring ER homeostasis, which might suggest a therapeutic potential and providing new insights into AKI alternative therapies.

Factors associated with diagnostic delay of pulmonary tuberculosis among children and adolescents in Quzhou, China: results from the surveillance data 2011-2021.

PURPOSE: Tuberculosis is a high-burden disease and a major health concern in China, especially among children and adolescents. The purpose of this study was to assess risk factors for diagnostic delay in students with pulmonary tuberculosis in Quzhou City in eastern China. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Cases of PTB in students and relevant information in Quzhou from 2011 to 2021 were collected using the TB Management Information System. The outcome of interest was diagnostic delay (i.e. ≥ 28 days between symptom onset and treatment initiation). Risk factors for diagnostic delay were identified using multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS: A total of 629 students in Quzhou were diagnosed with PTB during the study period, of whom 55.5% were male. The median diagnostic delay was 18 days (Inter Quartile Range, [IQR]: 8-38) and 38.0% of the students had a diagnostic delay. Living in a rural area (adjusted odds ratio, [AOR]: 1.56, 95% confidence interval [CI:] 1.11-2.19), developing PTB symptoms in the first quarter of the year (AOR: 2.18, 95% CI: 1.40-3.40), and no sputum smear result (AOR: 8.73, 95% CI: 1.68-45.30) were significantly associated with a diagnostic delay. Discovery through health examinations (AOR: 0.33, 95% CI: 0.17-0.63) was associated with reduced risk of diagnostic delay. CONCLUSION: Schools in rural areas should pay special attention to increasing student awareness of the symptoms of tuberculosis and provide health education on tuberculosis prevention and control to students and staff.

Application of a biodegradable poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) membrane for phenol pervaporation recovery.

In the field of membrane separation, the environmental concerns caused by spent membranes are becoming increasingly serious, which contradicts the concept of sustainable development. Based on this, a biodegradable poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) membrane was used for the first time in the pervaporation separation of phenol, a high boiling point organic compound (HBOC). By using the PBAT membrane, outstanding separation efficiency was achieved, and environmental pollution and disposal issues were also avoided. The separation process and mechanism of the PBAT membrane were systematically studied through the experiment together with molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. The swelling experiment and intermolecular interaction energy calculation demonstrated that the PBAT membrane had a strong affinity for phenol. Further simulation concluded that higher phenol concentration increased the number of hydrogen bonds so that the membrane was more greatly swollen. Meanwhile, the simulations on the adsorption, diffusion and permeation predicted that the PBAT membrane had excellent separation performance for phenol. Besides MD simulation, the influences of feed concentration and temperature on pervaporation performance were also investigated by experiment. The results showed that the flux of each component increased with the feed concentration. This phenomenon was attributed to the preferential adsorption of phenol by the PBAT membrane, which resulted in large free volumes and cavities within the membrane, accelerating the diffusion of molecules. In addition, it was found that the optimal operating temperature was 333 K with the best separation performance. This study confirms that the biodegradable PBAT membrane is valuable for the recovery of high boiling point organic compounds (HBOCs) such as phenol.

Theoretical calculation assisted materials screening of BiOX (X = F, Cl, Br, I) for electrochemical absorption of cesium ions.

The electrochemical switching ion exchange (ESIX) technique has been widely used for the separation and recovery of radioactive cesium ions (Cs+) from wastewater. In this study, a series of BiOX (X = F, Cl, Br, I) materials were first evaluated for their absorption properties to Cs+ through density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The calculations predict that BiOBr has the best absorption performance among the four materials, BiOF, BiOCl, BiOBr, and BiOI, due to its high absorption energy and low ion migration energy barrier to Cs+. Simultaneously, the selectivity calculations revealed that BiOBr also showed the best selectivity for Cs+ compared with Li+ and Na+. Subsequently, four materials were prepared using the hydrothermal synthesis method and their electrochemical absorption performance was tested. The results showed that BiOBr has the highest electroactivity, and its absorption capacity was up to 16 mg Cs+/g BiOBr in a solution mixture of 50 ppm Li+, Na+, and Cs+. Based on our theoretical calculations and experiments, our findings provide prospective insights for predicting the electrochemical absorption performance of materials using first-principles calculations.

Electroactive magnetic microparticles for the selective elimination of cesium ions in the wastewater.

To improve operability as well as the removal efficiency for cesium ions in the wastewater treatment, a novel electrochemically switched ion exchange (ESIX) technique by using electroactive Prussian-blue(PB)-based magnetic microparticles (PB@Fe3O4 microparticle) with different uniform particle sizes in the range of 300-900 nm as the adsorption materials was developed. The obtained PB@Fe3O4 microparticle were characterized by Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Transmission electron microscope (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). It is found that the PB can be well coated on the surface of Fe3O4 microsphere, which can be easily adsorbed on the magnetic electrode substrate for the electrochemical adsorption of Cs+ ions. Electrochemical adsorption of 97% Cs+ on PB/Fe3O4 was achieved in less than 10 min, and the maximum adsorption capacity was 16.13 mg/g, and the distribution coefficient (KD) of Cs+ ions reached as high as 3938. In addition, the electrochemical adsorption behavior of PB@Fe3O4 microparticle fitted well with the Freundlich adsorption isotherm and the Pseudo-second-order kinetic models. It is expected that such an ESIX technique using PB@Fe3O4 microparticle can be applied for the separation and recovery of dilute Cs+ ions from cesium-contaminated solution in a practical process.

DFT calculations of the synergistic effect of λ-MnO2/graphene composites for electrochemical adsorption of lithium ions.

Recently, the composite of spinel-type manganese oxide (λ-MnO2)/graphene has drawn wide attention because of its good electrochemical adsorption selectivity for low concentrations of Li+ ions from lake brine or seawater to cope with the fast-rising demand of lithium resources. In this composite, the synergistic effect between the good selectivity of λ-MnO2 for Li+ ions and the excellent conductivity of graphene play an important role for the electrochemical adsorption of Li+ ions. In order to reveal the synergistic mechanism in the electronic conductivity, the ionic conductivity and the ion selectivity of the λ-MnO2/graphene composite, density functional theory (DFT) calculations combined with electrochemical adsorption experiments were carried out. The calculation results show that the enhanced electronic conductivity of the composite is due to the decrease of the band gap (Eg) in the λ-MnO2/graphene composite compared with pure λ-MnO2. Meanwhile, the graphene composited with λ-MnO2 decreased the diffusion energy barrier of Li+ ions in λ-MnO2. In addition, the competitive adsorption of Li+, Na+ and Mg2+ ions were investigated by the nudged elastic band (NEB) method and charge distribution analysis. The results show that Li+ ions in λ-MnO2 exist in their pure ion state and have the lowest diffusion energy barrier compared with Na+ and Mg2+. The results of the DFT calculations were validated by cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and electrochemical adsorption experiments.

Theoretical and experimental investigations of BiOCl for electrochemical adsorption of cesium ions.

BiOCl was found to have excellent electrochemical adsorption properties for cesium ions (Cs+) in electrochemically switched ion exchange (ESIX). In this work, BiOCl nanosheets were synthesized by a hydrothermal method and used for electrochemical adsorption of Cs+. The experimental results showed that BiOCl exhibited higher electrochemical adsorption selectivity for Cs+ than Li+ and Na+. Quantum chemical calculations based on density functional theory (DFT) were first performed to compare the adsorption and migration mechanisms of three ions Li+, Na+, and Cs+ in BiOCl crystals. The calculation results revealed that the excellent electrochemical adsorption performance of BiOCl for Cs+ is due to the interaction of embedded Cs with Cl and Bi in BiOCl crystals. This makes it have a higher adsorption energy and a lower ion migration energy barrier due to the balance of interaction forces. In this work experimental and theoretical calculations were used to systematically analyze the adsorption and migration of three ions in BiOCl, which has important guiding significance for the design of highly-efficient electroactive materials for electrochemical adsorption of Cs+.

Theoretical and experimental investigations of the electronic/ionic conductivity and deprotonation of Ni3-xCoxAl-LDHs in an electrochemical energy storage system.

The remarkable effect of divalent transition metal ions on the electrochemical performance of transition metal-based layered double hydroxides (LDHs) was systematically investigated via computational and experimental approaches. Ni3-xCoxAl-LDHs (x = 0, 1, 2, and 3) were synthesized on carbon paper by a unipolar pulse electrodeposition (UPED) method and used as electrodes in energy storage systems. The structures were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Their electrochemical performance was evaluated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The mechanism of different electrochemical performances with various divalent transition metal ions was investigated by the density functional theory (DFT) plus U method and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The computational and experimental data demonstrated that the electronic and ionic conductivity and deprotonation of NiAl-LDHs were improved by doping Co species, and the incorporation of Co and Ni cations enabled LDHs to exhibit a larger interlayer spacing which can facilitate the diffusion of OH- ions, indicating that NiCo2Al-LDHs had the highest specific capacitance.

An absorption mechanism and polarity-induced viscosity model for CO2 capture using hydroxypyridine-based ionic liquids.

A series of new hydroxypyridine-based ionic liquids (ILs) are synthesized and applied in CO2 capture through chemical absorption, in which one IL, i.e., tetrabutylphosphonium 2-hydroxypyridine ([P4444][2-Op]), shows a viscosity as low as 193 cP with an absorption capacity as high as 1.20 mol CO2 per mol IL. Because the traditional anion-CO2 absorption mechanism cannot provide an explanation for the influences of cations and temperature on CO2 absorption capacity, herein, a novel cation-participating absorption mechanism based on the proton transfer is proposed to explain the high absorption capacity and the existence of a turning point of absorption capacity with the increase of temperature for the capture of CO2 using [P4444][n-Op] (n = 2, 3, 4) ILs. Also, the relationship between the viscosity of ILs and the linear interaction energy is proposed for the first time, which can guide how to design and synthesize ILs with low viscosity. Quantum chemistry calculations, which are based on the comprehensive analysis of dipole moment, cation-anion interaction energy and surface electrostatic potential, indicate that the different viscosities of hydroxypyridine-based ILs and the changes after CO2 absorption mainly resulted from the different distribution of negative charges in the anion.

Silver-doped molybdenum carbide catalyst with high activity for electrochemical water splitting.

A hybrid catalyst composed of silver (Ag) doped wire-like molybdenum carbide (MoxCy) with pure ß-phase and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) was coated well on a carbon rod electrode for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The effects of Ag loading amount and carbonization temperature on the crystal form of MoxCy were investigated in detail. It is found that the MoxCy crystal form can be tuned by adjusting the preparation conditions, and nanostructured wire-like Mo2C with pure ß-phase was obtained at a temperature over 750 °C. Ag/MoxCy composite nanomaterials were investigated by X-ray diffraction, UV/vis spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area analysis. The hybrid catalyst was further deposited on the carbon nanotube (CNT) modified carbon rod substrate. Due to the high surface area and 3D porous network-like microstructure, the Ag/Mo2C/CNTs hybrid electrode showed enhanced catalytic performance when comparing with the corresponding pure one. Particularly, for the Ag-doped Mo2C/CNTs hybrid electrode with an optimum 1 Ag : 5 Mo molar ratio of the precursors, a current density of 10 mA cm-2 was obtained by applying an overpotential of 142 mV in 0.5 mol L-1 H2SO4 solution. It is expected that such a hybrid electrode can be widely applied for effective electrolysis of water to produce hydrogen.

Recovery of metal ion resources from waste lithium batteries by in situ electro-leaching coupled with electrochemically switched ion exchange.

A new green pathway of in situ electro-leaching coupled with electrochemically switched ion exchange (EL-ESIX) technology was developed for the separation and recovery of valuable metal ions from waste lithium batteries. By using the in situ electro-leaching, the leaching rates of Li+ and Co2+ from the prepared LiCoO2 film electrodes reached 100 % and 93.30 %, respectively, under the combined effect of the acidic microenvironment formed by the anodic electrolytic water and electrostatic repulsion. Subsequently, the Li+ in the electrolyte was further extracted by an electrochemically switched ion exchange (ESIX) process using LiMn2O4 as the film electrode, and Li+ was further enriched in the eluate by a cyclic adsorption and desorption process. The results indicate that the in situ electro-leaching has significant advantages over powder leaching, and for the recycling of waste lithium batteries, the final lithium recovery rate reached 94.51 % by using this in situ EL-ESIX technology.

Incidence and risk factors of active tuberculosis among older individuals with latent tuberculosis infection: a cohort study in two high-epidemic sites in eastern China.

Background: The influencing factors of the process from latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) to the onset of active tuberculosis (TB) remain unknown among different population groups, especially among older individuals in high-incidence areas. This study aimed to investigate the development of active TB among older adults with LTBI and identify groups in greatest need of improved prevention and control strategies for TB. Methods: In 2021, we implemented an investigation among older individuals (≥ 65 years old) in two towns in Zhejiang Province with the highest incidence of TB. All participants underwent assessment using standardized questionnaires, physical examinations, interferon-gamma release assays, and chest radiography. All the participants with suspected TB based on the clinical symptoms or abnormal chest radiography results, as well as those with LTBI, were referred for diagnostic investigation in accordance with the national guidelines. Those with an initial diagnosis of TB were then excluded, whereas those with LTBI were included in a follow-up at baseline. Incident patients with active TB were identified from the Chinese Tuberculosis Management Information System, and a multivariate Cox regression model was used to estimate the incidence and risk of TB among those with LTBI. Results: In total, 667 participants with LTBI were followed up for 1,315.3 person-years, revealing a disease density of 1,292.5 individuals/100,000 person-years (17/1,315.3). For those with LTBI, chest radiograph abnormalities had adjusted hazard ratios for active TB of 4.9 (1.6-15.3). Conclusions: The presence of abnormal chest radiography findings increased the risk of active TB among older individuals with LTBI in high-epidemic sites in eastern China.

Efficient and Stable Inverted Perovskite Solar Modules Enabled by Solid-Liquid Two-Step Film Formation.

A considerable efficiency gap exists between large-area perovskite solar modules and small-area perovskite solar cells. The control of forming uniform and large-area film and perovskite crystallization is still the main obstacle restricting the efficiency of PSMs. In this work, we adopted a solid-liquid two-step film formation technique, which involved the evaporation of a lead iodide film and blade coating of an organic ammonium halide solution to prepare perovskite films. This method possesses the advantages of integrating vapor deposition and solution methods, which could apply to substrates with different roughness and avoid using toxic solvents to achieve a more uniform, large-area perovskite film. Furthermore, modification of the NiOx/perovskite buried interface and introduction of Urea additives were utilized to reduce interface recombination and regulate perovskite crystallization. As a result, a large-area perovskite film possessing larger grains, fewer pinholes, and reduced defects could be achieved. The inverted PSM with an active area of 61.56 cm2 (10 × 10 cm2 substrate) achieved a champion power conversion efficiency of 20.56% and significantly improved stability. This method suggests an innovative approach to resolving the uniformity issue associated with large-area film fabrication.

A poly(ether block amide) based solid polymer electrolyte for solid-state lithium metal batteries.

Solid-state lithium (Li) metal batteries (SSLMBs) with high-energy density and high-security are promising for energy storage application and electronic device development. However, Li dendrite generation is still one of the most important factors hindering the application of SSLMBs since interface contact degradation, dead Li accumulation, and continuous solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) growth are always caused by Li dendrite growth, making the performances of SSLMBs deteriorate rapidly. In this study, a poly(ether block amide) (PEBA) based polymer electrolyte with lithium bis-(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) as the Li salt is developed. It is found that the PEBA 2533-20% LiTFSI electrolyte possesses an ion conductivity of 3.0 × 10-5 S cm-1 at 25 °C. Especially, the Li dendrite suppression ability of SEI is greatly enhanced since it provides abundant amide groups to activate TFSI- anions and further enriches lithium fluoride (LiF) content in the SEI layer, which endows the full-cell with enhanced cyclability. As a result, the fabricated solid-state Li/PEBA 2533-20% LiTFSI/LiFePO4 (areal capacity: 0.15 mAh cm-2) battery remains 94% of its maximum capacity (127.5 mAh g-1) at a rate of 0.5C and 60 °C after 200 cycles. In particular, the full cell can cycle for almost 1000 times without short circuit. Therefore, the PEBA based electrolyte could promote the LiF enriched SEI layer into a platform to suppress the growth of Li dendrite toward SSLMBs with a long-life span.

Removal of high concentration of chloride ions by electrocoagulation using aluminium electrode.

Wastewater containing a high concentration of chloride ions (Cl- ions) generated in industrial production will corrode equipment and pipelines and cause environmental problems. At present, systematic research on Cl- removal by electrocoagulation is scarce. To study the Cl- removal mechanism, process parameters (current density and plate spacing), and the influence of coexisting ions on the removal of Cl- in electrocoagulation, we use aluminum (Al) as the sacrificial anode, combined with physical characterization and density functional theory (DFT) to study Cl- removal by electrocoagulation. The result showed that the use of electrocoagulation technology to remove Cl- can reduce the concentration of Cl- in an aqueous solution below 250 ppm, meeting the Cl- emission standard. The mechanism of Cl- removal is mainly co-precipitation and electrostatic adsorption by forming chlorine-containing metal hydroxyl complexes. The current density and plate spacing affect the Cl- removal effect and operation cost. As a coexisting cation, magnesium ion (Mg2+) promotes the removal of Cl-, while calcium ion (Ca2+) inhibits it. Fluoride ion (F-), sulfate (SO42-), and nitrate (NO3-) as coexisting anions affect the removal of Cl- ions through competitive reaction. This work provides a theoretical basis for the industrialization of Cl- removal by electrocoagulation.

A novel CNTs/QCS/BiOBr composite membrane with electron-ion transfer channel for Br- recovery in ESIX process.

Based on the superior selectivity of bismuth oxybromide (BiOBr) for Br-, the excellent electrical conductivity of carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and the ion exchange capacity of quaternized chitosan (QCS), a three-dimensional network composite membrane electrode CNTs/QCS/BiOBr was constructed, in which BiOBr served as the storage space for Br-, CNTs provided the electron transfer pathway, and QCS cross-linked by glutaraldehyde (GA) was used for ion transfer. The CNTs/QCS/BiOBr composite membrane exhibits superior conductivity after the introduction of the polymer electrolyte, which is seven orders of magnitude higher than that of conventional ion-exchange membranes. Furthermore, the addition of the electroactive material BiOBr improved the adsorption capacity for Br- by a factor of 2.7 in electrochemically switched ion exchange (ESIX) system. Meanwhile, the CNTs/QCS/BiOBr composite membrane displays excellent Br- selectivity in mixed solutions of Br-, Cl-, SO42- and NO3-. Therein, the covalent bond cross-linking within the CNTs/QCS/BiOBr composite membrane endows it great electrochemical stability. The synergistic adsorption mechanism of the CNTs/QCS/BiOBr composite membrane provides a new direction for achieving more efficient ion separation.

An electroactive montmorillonite/polypyrrole ion exchange film: Ultrahigh uptake capacity and ion selectivity for rapid removal of lead ions.

Contact with trace heavy metal contaminants will also lead to extremely bad health influence on human body and aquatic life. Although various adsorbents have been synthesized for the recovery of heavy metal ions, most of them shows deficient adsorption capacity, sluggish uptake rate and low selectivity. In this study, a montmorillonite/polypyrrole (MMT/PPy) film was successfully synthesized by intercalating polymers PPy into the interlayer of MMT nanosheets for selective and rapid capture of Pb2+. The electroactive film has ultrahigh uptake capacity (1373.29 mg⋅g-1), which is much higher than most conventional Pb2+ adsorbents. Meanwhile, it had an extreme selectivity towards Pb2+ due to the MMT/PPy film can accurately identified Pb2+. Through characterization testing and data analysis, the selective and rapid uptake/release of Pb2+ should be realized through three ways: (1) negatively-charged laminates of MMT can generate electrostatic attraction to Pb2+; (2) -OH on the surface of MMT laminates can accurately identified and bonded with Pb2+ (M-O-H↔ M-O-Pb); (3) PPy doped by PSSn- and protic acid can rapidly catch Pb2+ (PPy+·PSSn-+Pb2++e-→ PPy·PSSn-·Pb2+). Therefore, such a novel MMT/PPy nanocomposite film could has evident application prospect to remove Pb2+ from various water bodies.

Specific separation and recovery of phosphate anions by a novel NiFe-LDH/rGO hybrid film based on electroactivity-variable valence.

Phosphorus is anon-renewable resource. Supplies are limited and muchphosphorusis currently wasted during the production and utilization process, causing concerns about future supplies and widespread environmental problems. To solve these problems, a new type of NiFe-LDH/rGO electrically switched ion-selective (ESIX) film is designed, based on the dominant mechanism of inner-sphere complexation. An ESIX process allows the NiFe-LDH/rGO hybrid film to achieve a controllably selective uptake and release of the phosphate anions. This route involves tuning potential steps to regulate the redox states of the composite film and the variable metal (e.g., Ni, Fe (II)/(III)) in coordination centers, as the inner-sphere complexation of the metals to phosphate anions is combined with the assistance of the outer electric field. A high absorption capacity (270 mg·g-1) and regeneration rate (>85%) were achieved, together with good cycle stability.

Microwave-assisted synthesis of manganese oxide catalysts for total toluene oxidation.

Oxygen vacancy on the heterogeneous catalyst is of great importance to the catalysis of volatile organic compound (VOC) oxidation. Herein, microwave radiation with special energy-excitation is successfully utilized for the post-processing of a series of manganese oxides (MnOx) to generate oxygen vacancies. It is found that the MnOx catalyst with 60 min of microwave radiation demonstrates higher activity for toluene oxidation with a T50% of 210 °C and a T100% of 223 °C, which is attributed to the higher concentration of oxygen vacancies derived from the rich phase interface defects resulted from the microwave radiation. Furthermore, the Mn-MW-60 catalyst possesses excellent thermal stability and water vapor tolerance even under 20 vol% H2O atmospheres within 60 h. In situ DRIFTS analysis verifies that both surface and lattice oxygen species simultaneously participate the oxidation process, and all reactions over different environments follows two different pathways. Meanwhile, it is proposed that those oxygen vacancies derived from microwave radiation could facilitate the rate-controlling step of opening the aromatic ring based on the electron back-donation, thereby leading to the increment of catalytic activity.

The burden and predictors of latent tuberculosis infection among elder adults in high epidemic rural area of tuberculosis in Zhejiang, China.

Diagnosis and treatment of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is critical to tuberculosis (TB) control. Identifying the risk factors associated with LTBI can contribute to developing an optimized strategy for LTBI management. We conducted a survey of adults aged 65 years and older living in rural areas in Zhejiang Province during July 2021, followed by a one-year follow-up period to determine TB incidence. Participants underwent a physical examination and 5-6 mL of blood was drawn to test for Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection A total of 1856 individuals participated in the study, of whom 50.5% were men and 80.1% were married. Most participants (96.8%) often opened windows for ventilation at home. One-third (33.4%) of participants had abnormal chest radiographs and 34.9% had LTBI. Nine participants (0.5%) developed active TB patients during the one-year follow-up period. People who frequented closed entertainment places such as chess and card rooms had a relatively high percentage of LTBI (39.5%). Factors associated with a higher risk of LTBI in multivariable logistic regression analysis included being male (odds ratio [OR]:1.32; 95% confidence interval [CI] =:1.01-1.72), smoking (OR: 1.43; 95% CI:1.04-1.97), not opening windows for ventilation at home frequently (OR: 1.88; 95% CI: 1.10-3.22), and abnormal chest radiographs (OR; 1.48; 95% CI; 1.20-1.81). LTBI was prevalent among the elder adults living in high-epidemic rural areas of TB in Zhejiang province. Men, people who smoke, and people without the habit of ventilating at home should be targeted for LTBI screening to accelerate the decline of the TB epidemic in Zhejiang Province.