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1.
Pulm Pharmacol Ther ; 69: 102051, 2021 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34166834

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic progressive lung disease. Although anti-fibrotic treatments, such as pirfenidone, are available that reduce the rate of disease progression, these medications have limitations in tolerability, and IPF patients still have poor prognoses. GDC-3280, an orally available small molecule that was designed to improve upon pirfenidone's activity, has anti-fibrotic activity in animal models. This first-in-human, phase 1 trial evaluated GDC-3280 to determine its safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics (PK). METHODS: Single and multiple ascending-doses of GDC-3280 were administered to healthy volunteers in two parts. Part A consisted of 6 treatment groups, each receiving a single, oral dose of GDC-3280 (25-1600 mg) or placebo in the fasted state. Part A also assessed the effect of food and coadministration of a proton pump inhibitor (rabeprazole) on the tolerability and PK of single doses of 400- and 800-mg GDC-3280. Part B consisted of 3 treatment groups who received either 200- or 275-mg GDC-3280 twice daily or 525-mg once daily after a low-fat meal for 7 days. The trial monitored treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) and assessed the pharmacokinetics of GDC-3280 in blood and urine samples. RESULTS: Fifty-six subjects (42 GDC-3280, 14 placebo) in Part A and 24 subjects (18 GDC-3280, 6 placebo) in Part B received treatment. No deaths, serious adverse events, or dose-limiting adverse events occurred, and no subjects withdrew due to a TEAE. In both Parts A and B, most TEAEs were mild. The most frequent TEAEs in Part A were headache and nausea. TEAEs occurred more often when GDC-3280 was administered with food. Pretreatment and coadministration with rabeprazole had no effect on GDC-3280 tolerability. In Part B, the most frequent TEAEs were nausea, dizziness, nasal congestion, and cough. Transient, treatment-related increases in serum creatinine occurred at doses greater than 400 mg in Part A (12%-18% from baseline) and after multiple doses in each group in Part B (20%-34% from baseline). GDC-3280 was generally readily absorbed with a median tmax < 4.0 h following single- or repeat-dose oral administration. In Part A, less-than-dose-proportional increases in systemic exposure occurred, and in Part B, dose-proportional increases occurred within the dose range tested. At doses of 200 mg or lower, more than 50%-70% of orally administered doses were recovered in urine as unchanged GDC-3280 when subjects received a single dose of GDC-3280, suggesting renal excretion is one of the major routes of elimination. Administration of single doses of 400- and 800-mg GDC-3280 after a meal caused statistically significant increases in exposure due to increased rates of absorption compared to the fasted state. Pretreatment and coadministration of rabeprazole dosing led to decreases in exposure compared to GDC-3280 alone, indicating a weak drug-drug interaction. Following repeat dose administration, steady-state plasma concentrations of GDC-3280 were achieved within 2 days with an apparent terminal half-life (t1/2) between 5 and 6 h. CONCLUSIONS: Single and multiple doses of GDC-3280 were generally well tolerated, with acceptable safety and pharmacokinetic profiles that support twice-daily, oral administration with food in future clinical trials.


Assuntos
Interações Alimento-Droga , Administração Oral , Área Sob a Curva , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Método Duplo-Cego , Voluntários Saudáveis , Humanos
2.
Int J Mol Sci ; 21(15)2020 Jul 22.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32707880

RESUMO

Mucopolysaccharidosis type II is a lysosomal storage disorder caused by a deficiency of iduronate-2-sulfatase (IDS) and characterized by the accumulation of the primary storage substrate, glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). Understanding central nervous system (CNS) pathophysiology in neuronopathic MPS II (nMPS II) has been hindered by the lack of CNS biomarkers. Characterization of fluid biomarkers has been largely focused on evaluating GAGs in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and the periphery; however, GAG levels alone do not accurately reflect the broad cellular dysfunction in the brains of MPS II patients. We utilized a preclinical mouse model of MPS II, treated with a brain penetrant form of IDS (ETV:IDS) to establish the relationship between markers of primary storage and downstream pathway biomarkers in the brain and CSF. We extended the characterization of pathway and neurodegeneration biomarkers to nMPS II patient samples. In addition to the accumulation of CSF GAGs, nMPS II patients show elevated levels of lysosomal lipids, neurofilament light chain, and other biomarkers of neuronal damage and degeneration. Furthermore, we find that these biomarkers of downstream pathology are tightly correlated with heparan sulfate. Exploration of the responsiveness of not only CSF GAGs but also pathway and disease-relevant biomarkers during drug development will be crucial for monitoring disease progression, and the development of effective therapies for nMPS II.


Assuntos
Encéfalo/metabolismo , Glicosaminoglicanos/metabolismo , Iduronato Sulfatase/metabolismo , Metabolismo dos Lipídeos , Lisossomos/metabolismo , Mucopolissacaridose II/sangue , Mucopolissacaridose II/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Adolescente , Animais , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Encéfalo/patologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Dermatan Sulfato/sangue , Dermatan Sulfato/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Dermatan Sulfato/metabolismo , Terapia de Reposição de Enzimas , Feminino , Gangliosídeos/metabolismo , Glicosaminoglicanos/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas , Heparitina Sulfato/sangue , Heparitina Sulfato/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Heparitina Sulfato/metabolismo , Humanos , Iduronato Sulfatase/genética , Iduronato Sulfatase/farmacologia , Lactente , Inflamação/metabolismo , Lisossomos/patologia , Masculino , Espectrometria de Massas , Camundongos , Camundongos Knockout , Mucopolissacaridose II/metabolismo , Mucopolissacaridose II/terapia , Proteínas de Neurofilamentos/metabolismo , Proteínas Recombinantes/genética , Proteínas Recombinantes/metabolismo
3.
Int J Mol Sci ; 21(15)2020 Jul 30.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32751752

RESUMO

We recently developed a blood-brain barrier (BBB)-penetrating enzyme transport vehicle (ETV) fused to the lysosomal enzyme iduronate 2-sulfatase (ETV:IDS) and demonstrated its ability to reduce glycosaminoglycan (GAG) accumulation in the brains of a mouse model of mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) II. To accurately quantify GAGs, we developed a plate-based high-throughput enzymatic digestion assay coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to simultaneously measure heparan sulfate and dermatan sulfate derived disaccharides in tissue, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and individual cell populations isolated from mouse brain. The method offers ultra-high sensitivity enabling quantitation of specific GAG species in as low as 100,000 isolated neurons and a low volume of CSF. With an LOD at 3 ng/mL and LLOQs at 5-10 ng/mL, this method is at least five times more sensitive than previously reported approaches. Our analysis demonstrated that the accumulation of CSF and brain GAGs are in good correlation, supporting the potential use of CSF GAGs as a surrogate biomarker for brain GAGs. The bioanalytical method was qualified through the generation of standard curves in matrix for preclinical studies of CSF, demonstrating the feasibility of this assay for evaluating therapeutic effects of ETV:IDS in future studies and applications in a wide variety of MPS disorders.


Assuntos
Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Glicosaminoglicanos/isolamento & purificação , Iduronato Sulfatase/genética , Mucopolissacaridose II/diagnóstico , Animais , Barreira Hematoencefálica/efeitos dos fármacos , Barreira Hematoencefálica/metabolismo , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Encéfalo/patologia , Cromatografia Líquida , Dermatan Sulfato/farmacologia , Dissacarídeos/química , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Glicosaminoglicanos/genética , Glicosaminoglicanos/metabolismo , Heparitina Sulfato/farmacologia , Humanos , Iduronato Sulfatase/metabolismo , Camundongos , Mucopolissacaridose II/genética , Mucopolissacaridose II/patologia , Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem
4.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28807912

RESUMO

MHAA4549A, a human monoclonal antibody targeting the hemagglutinin stalk region of influenza A virus (IAV), is being developed as a therapeutic for patients hospitalized with severe IAV infection. The safety and efficacy of MHAA4549A were assessed in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging study in a human IAV challenge model. One hundred healthy volunteers were inoculated with A/Wisconsin/67/2005 (H3N2) IAV and, 24 to 36 h later, administered a single intravenous dose of either placebo, MHAA4549A (400, 1,200, or 3,600 mg), or a standard oral dose of oseltamivir. Subjects were assessed for safety, pharmacokinetics (PK), and immunogenicity. The intent-to-treat-infected (ITTI) population was assessed for changes in viral load, influenza symptoms, and inflammatory biomarkers. MHAA4549A was well tolerated in all IAV challenge subjects. The 3,600-mg dose of MHAA4549A significantly reduced the viral burden relative to that of the placebo as determined by the area under the curve (AUC) of nasopharyngeal virus infection, quantified using quantitative PCR (98%) and 50% tissue culture infective dose (TCID50) (100%) assays. Peak viral load, duration of viral shedding, influenza symptom scores, mucus weight, and inflammatory biomarkers were also reduced. Serum PK was linear with a half-life of ∼23 days. No MHAA4549A-treated subjects developed anti-drug antibodies. In conclusion, MHAA4549A was well tolerated and demonstrated statistically significant and substantial antiviral activity in an IAV challenge model. (This study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under identifier NCT01980966.).


Assuntos
Anticorpos Monoclonais/farmacologia , Antivirais/efeitos adversos , Antivirais/farmacologia , Influenza Humana/tratamento farmacológico , Adulto , Anticorpos Monoclonais/efeitos adversos , Anticorpos Neutralizantes/farmacologia , Antivirais/farmacocinética , Farmacorresistência Viral/efeitos dos fármacos , Voluntários Saudáveis , Glicoproteínas de Hemaglutininação de Vírus da Influenza/imunologia , Humanos , Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H3N2/patogenicidade , Influenza Humana/virologia , Masculino , Doenças Nasofaríngeas/virologia , Resultado do Tratamento , Carga Viral , Eliminação de Partículas Virais , Adulto Jovem
5.
Respir Res ; 17: 29, 2016 Mar 18.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26993628

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Quilizumab, a humanized IgG1 monoclonal antibody, targets the M1-prime segment of membrane-expressed IgE, leading to depletion of IgE-switched and memory B cells. In patients with mild asthma, quilizumab reduced serum IgE and attenuated the early and late asthmatic reaction following whole lung allergen challenge. This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of quilizumab in adults with allergic asthma, inadequately controlled despite high-dose inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) and a second controller. METHODS: Five hundred seventy-eight patients were randomized to monthly or quarterly dosing regimens of subcutaneous quilizumab or placebo for 36 weeks, with a 48-week safety follow-up. Quilizumab was evaluated for effects on the rate of asthma exacerbations, lung function, patient symptoms, serum IgE, and pharmacokinetics. Exploratory analyses were conducted on biomarker subgroups (periostin, blood eosinophils, serum IgE, and exhaled nitric oxide). RESULTS: Quilizumab was well tolerated and reduced serum total and allergen-specific IgE by 30-40 %, but had no impact on asthma exacerbations, lung function, or patient-reported symptom measures. At Week 36, the 300 mg monthly quilizumab group showed a 19.6 % reduction (p = 0.38) in the asthma exacerbation rate relative to placebo, but this was neither statistically nor clinically significant. Biomarker subgroups did not reveal meaningful efficacy benefits following quilizumab treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Quilizumab had an acceptable safety profile and reduced serum IgE. However, targeting the IgE pathway via depletion of IgE-switched and memory B cells was not sufficient for a clinically meaningful benefit for adults with allergic asthma uncontrolled by standard therapy. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01582503.


Assuntos
Anticorpos Anti-Idiotípicos/administração & dosagem , Anticorpos Monoclonais/administração & dosagem , Asma/tratamento farmacológico , Asma/imunologia , Hipersensibilidade/tratamento farmacológico , Hipersensibilidade/imunologia , Administração por Inalação , Adolescente , Corticosteroides/administração & dosagem , Adulto , Idoso , Antiasmáticos/administração & dosagem , Antiasmáticos/efeitos adversos , Asma/diagnóstico , Terapia Combinada , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Feminino , Humanos , Hipersensibilidade/diagnóstico , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prevenção Secundária/métodos , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto Jovem
6.
J Allergy Clin Immunol ; 136(4): 874-84, 2015 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26220531

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Asthma is heterogeneous, and airway dysbiosis is associated with clinical features in patients with mild-to-moderate asthma. Whether similar relationships exist among patients with severe asthma is unknown. OBJECTIVE: We sought to evaluate relationships between the bronchial microbiome and features of severe asthma. METHODS: Bronchial brushings from 40 participants in the Bronchoscopic Exploratory Research Study of Biomarkers in Corticosteroid-refractory Asthma (BOBCAT) study were evaluated by using 16S ribosomal RNA-based methods. Relationships to clinical and inflammatory features were analyzed among microbiome-profiled subjects. Secondarily, bacterial compositional profiles were compared between patients with severe asthma and previously studied healthy control subjects (n = 7) and patients with mild-to-moderate asthma (n = 41). RESULTS: In patients with severe asthma, bronchial bacterial composition was associated with several disease-related features, including body mass index (P < .05, Bray-Curtis distance-based permutational multivariate analysis of variance; PERMANOVA), changes in Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ) scores (P < .01), sputum total leukocyte values (P = .06), and bronchial biopsy eosinophil values (per square millimeter, P = .07). Bacterial communities associated with worsening ACQ scores and sputum total leukocyte values (predominantly Proteobacteria) differed markedly from those associated with body mass index (Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes). In contrast, improving/stable ACQ scores and bronchial epithelial gene expression of FK506 binding protein (FKBP5), an indicator of steroid responsiveness, correlated with Actinobacteria. Mostly negative correlations were observed between biopsy eosinophil values and Proteobacteria. No taxa were associated with a TH2-related epithelial gene expression signature, but expression of TH17-related genes was associated with Proteobacteria. Patients with severe asthma compared with healthy control subjects or patients with mild-to-moderate asthma were significantly enriched in Actinobacteria, although the largest differences observed involved a Klebsiella genus member (7.8-fold increase in patients with severe asthma, adjusted P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Specific microbiota are associated with and may modulate inflammatory processes in patients with severe asthma and related phenotypes. Airway dysbiosis in patients with severe asthma appears to differ from that observed in those with milder asthma in the setting of inhaled corticosteroid use.


Assuntos
Asma/imunologia , Disbiose/imunologia , Microbiota , Sistema Respiratório/imunologia , Administração por Inalação , Corticosteroides/uso terapêutico , Adulto , Asma/tratamento farmacológico , Asma/microbiologia , Progressão da Doença , Disbiose/tratamento farmacológico , Disbiose/microbiologia , Eosinófilos/imunologia , Feminino , Humanos , Klebsiella/imunologia , Leucócitos/imunologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mucosa Respiratória/imunologia , Sistema Respiratório/microbiologia , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Proteínas de Ligação a Tacrolimo/genética , Proteínas de Ligação a Tacrolimo/metabolismo , Células Th17/imunologia , Adulto Jovem
8.
N Engl J Med ; 365(12): 1088-98, 2011 Sep 22.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21812663

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Many patients with asthma have uncontrolled disease despite treatment with inhaled glucocorticoids. One potential cause of the variability in response to treatment is heterogeneity in the role of interleukin-13 expression in the clinical asthma phenotype. We hypothesized that anti-interleukin-13 therapy would benefit patients with asthma who had a pretreatment profile consistent with interleukin-13 activity. METHODS: We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of lebrikizumab, a monoclonal antibody to interleukin-13, in 219 adults who had asthma that was inadequately controlled despite inhaled glucocorticoid therapy. The primary efficacy outcome was the relative change in prebronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV(1)) from baseline to week 12. Among the secondary outcomes was the rate of asthma exacerbations through 24 weeks. Patient subgroups were prespecified according to baseline type 2 helper T-cell (Th2) status (assessed on the basis of total IgE level and blood eosinophil count) and serum periostin level. RESULTS: At baseline, patients had a mean FEV(1) that was 65% of the predicted value and were taking a mean dose of inhaled glucocorticoids of 580 µg per day; 80% were also taking a long-acting beta-agonist. At week 12, the mean increase in FEV(1) was 5.5 percentage points higher in the lebrikizumab group than in the placebo group (P = 0.02). Among patients in the high-periostin subgroup, the increase from baseline FEV(1) was 8.2 percentage points higher in the lebrikizumab group than in the placebo group (P = 0.03). Among patients in the low-periostin subgroup, the increase from baseline FEV(1) was 1.6 percentage points higher in the lebrikizumab group than in the placebo group (P = 0.61). Musculoskeletal side effects were more common with lebrikizumab than with placebo (13.2% vs. 5.4%, P = 0.045). CONCLUSIONS: Lebrikizumab treatment was associated with improved lung function. Patients with high pretreatment levels of serum periostin had greater improvement in lung function with lebrikizumab than did patients with low periostin levels. (Funded by Genentech; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00930163 .).


Assuntos
Anticorpos Monoclonais/uso terapêutico , Asma/tratamento farmacológico , Interleucina-13/antagonistas & inibidores , Adulto , Anticorpos Monoclonais/efeitos adversos , Anticorpos Monoclonais/farmacologia , Asma/imunologia , Asma/fisiopatologia , Broncodilatadores/uso terapêutico , Moléculas de Adesão Celular/sangue , Método Duplo-Cego , Quimioterapia Combinada , Feminino , Volume Expiratório Forçado/efeitos dos fármacos , Glucocorticoides/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Interleucina-13/imunologia , Masculino
9.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med ; 187(8): 804-11, 2013 Apr 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23471469

RESUMO

RATIONALE: For many patients with asthma, allergic airway inflammation is primarily a Th2-weighted process; however, heterogeneity in patterns of inflammation suggests phenotypic distinctions exist that influence disease presentation and treatment effects. OBJECTIVES: To assess the potential of fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FE(NO)), peripheral blood eosinophil count, and serum periostin as biomarkers of Th2 inflammation and predictors of treatment effects of omalizumab. METHODS: The EXTRA omalizumab study enrolled patients (aged 12-75 yr) with uncontrolled severe persistent allergic asthma. Analyses were performed evaluating treatment effects in relation to FE(NO), blood eosinophils, and serum periostin at baseline. Patients were divided into low- and high-biomarker subgroups. Treatment effects were evaluated as number of protocol-defined asthma exacerbations during the 48-week treatment period (primary endpoint). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: A total of 850 patients were enrolled. Data were available from 394 (46.4%), 797 (93.8%), and 534 (62.8%) patients for FE(NO), blood eosinophils, and serum periostin, respectively. After 48 weeks of omalizumab, reductions in protocol-defined exacerbations were greater in high versus low subgroups for all three biomarkers: FE(NO), 53% (95% confidence interval [CI], 37-70; P = 0.001) versus 16% (95% CI, -32 to 46; P = 0.45); eosinophils, 32% (95% CI, 11-48; P = 0.005) versus 9% (95% CI, -24 to 34; P = 0.54); and periostin, 30% (95% CI, -2 to 51; P = 0.07) versus 3% (95% CI, -43 to 32; P = 0.94). CONCLUSIONS: The difference in exacerbation frequency between omalizumab and placebo was greatest in the three high-biomarker subgroups, probably associated with the greater risk for exacerbations in high subgroups. Additional studies are required to explore the value of these biomarkers in clinical practice. Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT00314574).


Assuntos
Anticorpos Anti-Idiotípicos/uso terapêutico , Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados/uso terapêutico , Asma/tratamento farmacológico , Asma/genética , Moléculas de Adesão Celular/sangue , Eosinófilos , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Antiasmáticos/administração & dosagem , Antiasmáticos/efeitos adversos , Antiasmáticos/uso terapêutico , Anticorpos Anti-Idiotípicos/administração & dosagem , Anticorpos Anti-Idiotípicos/efeitos adversos , Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados/administração & dosagem , Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados/efeitos adversos , Biomarcadores/análise , Testes Respiratórios , Criança , Progressão da Doença , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Óxido Nítrico/análise , Omalizumab , Adulto Jovem
11.
Am J Gastroenterol ; 108(12): 1891-900, 2013 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24126633

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: In Crohn's disease (CD), clinical symptoms correspond poorly to inflammatory disease activity. Biomarkers reflective of mucosal and bowel wall inflammation would be useful to monitor disease activity. The EMBARK study evaluated disease activity in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and CD, and used endoscopy with or without cross-sectional imaging for biomarker discovery. METHODS: UC (n=107) and CD (n=157) patients were characterized and underwent ileocolonoscopy (ICO). A subset of CD patients (n=66) also underwent computed tomography enterography (CTE). ICO and CTE were scored by a gastroenterologist and radiologist who incorporated findings of inflammation into a single score (ICO-CTE) for patients that underwent both procedures. Serum and fecal biomarkers were evaluated for association with the Mayo Clinic endoscopy score in UC patients and with ICO alone or ICO-CTE in CD patients. Individual biomarkers with a moderate degree of correlation (P≤0.3) were evaluated using multivariate analysis with model selection using a stepwise procedure. RESULTS: In UC, ordinal logistic regression using Mayo Clinic endoscopy subscore selected the combination of fecal calprotectin and serum matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9; pseudo R(2)=0.353). In CD, we found that use of the ICO-CTE increased specificity of known biomarkers. Using ICO-CTE as the dependent variable for biomarker discovery, the selected biomarkers were the combination of fecal calprotectin, serum MMP9, and serum IL-22 (r=0.699). CONCLUSIONS: Incorporation of both ICO and CTE into a single measure increased biomarker performance in CD. Combinations of fecal calprotectin and serum MMP9 for UC, and combinations of fecal calprotectin, serum MMP9, and serum interleukin-22 in CD, demonstrated the strongest association with imaging/endoscopy-defined inflammation.


Assuntos
Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Doença de Crohn/metabolismo , Fezes/química , Interleucinas/sangue , Complexo Antígeno L1 Leucocitário/metabolismo , Metaloproteinase 9 da Matriz/sangue , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Colonoscopia , Doença de Crohn/diagnóstico por imagem , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Interleucina 22
13.
J Allergy Clin Immunol ; 130(3): 647-654.e10, 2012 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22857879

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Eosinophilic airway inflammation is heterogeneous in asthmatic patients. We recently described a distinct subtype of asthma defined by the expression of genes inducible by T(H)2 cytokines in bronchial epithelium. This gene signature, which includes periostin, is present in approximately half of asthmatic patients and correlates with eosinophilic airway inflammation. However, identification of this subtype depends on invasive airway sampling, and hence noninvasive biomarkers of this phenotype are desirable. OBJECTIVE: We sought to identify systemic biomarkers of eosinophilic airway inflammation in asthmatic patients. METHODS: We measured fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (Feno), peripheral blood eosinophil, periostin, YKL-40, and IgE levels and compared these biomarkers with airway eosinophilia in asthmatic patients. RESULTS: We collected sputum, performed bronchoscopy, and matched peripheral blood samples from 67 asthmatic patients who remained symptomatic despite maximal inhaled corticosteroid treatment (mean FEV(1), 60% of predicted value; mean Asthma Control Questionnaire [ACQ] score, 2.7). Serum periostin levels are significantly increased in asthmatic patients with evidence of eosinophilic airway inflammation relative to those with minimal eosinophilic airway inflammation. A logistic regression model, including sex, age, body mass index, IgE levels, blood eosinophil numbers, Feno levels, and serum periostin levels, in 59 patients with severe asthma showed that, of these indices, the serum periostin level was the single best predictor of airway eosinophilia (P = .007). CONCLUSION: Periostin is a systemic biomarker of airway eosinophilia in asthmatic patients and has potential utility in patient selection for emerging asthma therapeutics targeting T(H)2 inflammation.


Assuntos
Asma/sangue , Moléculas de Adesão Celular/sangue , Eosinofilia/diagnóstico , Inflamação/diagnóstico , Adipocinas/sangue , Adulto , Asma/tratamento farmacológico , Biomarcadores , Testes Respiratórios , Proteína 1 Semelhante à Quitinase-3 , Eosinofilia/sangue , Eosinófilos/fisiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Imunoglobulina E/sangue , Inflamação/sangue , Interleucina-13/análise , Interleucina-13/fisiologia , Lectinas/sangue , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Óxido Nítrico/análise
15.
J Exp Med ; 219(3)2022 03 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35226042

RESUMO

Delivery of biotherapeutics across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a challenge. Many approaches fuse biotherapeutics to platforms that bind the transferrin receptor (TfR), a brain endothelial cell target, to facilitate receptor-mediated transcytosis across the BBB. Here, we characterized the pharmacological behavior of two distinct TfR-targeted platforms fused to iduronate 2-sulfatase (IDS), a lysosomal enzyme deficient in mucopolysaccharidosis type II (MPS II), and compared the relative brain exposures and functional activities of both approaches in mouse models. IDS fused to a moderate-affinity, monovalent TfR-binding enzyme transport vehicle (ETV:IDS) resulted in widespread brain exposure, internalization by parenchymal cells, and significant substrate reduction in the CNS of an MPS II mouse model. In contrast, IDS fused to a standard high-affinity bivalent antibody (IgG:IDS) resulted in lower brain uptake, limited biodistribution beyond brain endothelial cells, and reduced brain substrate reduction. These results highlight important features likely to impact the clinical development of TfR-targeting platforms in MPS II and potentially other CNS diseases.


Assuntos
Iduronato Sulfatase , Mucopolissacaridose II , Receptores da Transferrina , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusão , Animais , Barreira Hematoencefálica/metabolismo , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Células Endoteliais/metabolismo , Iduronato Sulfatase/metabolismo , Iduronato Sulfatase/farmacologia , Lisossomos/metabolismo , Camundongos , Mucopolissacaridose II/metabolismo , Receptores da Transferrina/metabolismo , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusão/metabolismo , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusão/farmacologia , Distribuição Tecidual
16.
Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol ; 107(3): 273-80.e1, 2011 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21875548

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Previous assessments of response to omalizumab were based on diary-based data rather than standard validated instruments. A composite instrument that translates diary-based data into standard validated asthma control measures would characterize patient response to treatment in terms of current asthma control definitions. OBJECTIVE: To develop the Asthma Control Composite (ACC) tool, using real-time diary-based data to predict treatment response in terms of asthma control. METHODS: The ACC tool was derived retrospectively using pooled data from two phase 3 studies in patients with moderate to severe allergic asthma. Patients were randomized to receive subcutaneous omalizumab or placebo for 16 weeks plus stable beclomethasone dipropionate therapy, followed by a 3-month corticosteroid reduction period and 5-month double-blind safety extension. Control was assessed as "complete," "good," or "not controlled," based on a composite score of 4 elements: rescue medication (puffs/day), total asthma symptom score, average number of awakening nights/28 days, and activity limitation. RESULTS: The ACC was mapped to standard validated measures of patient-reported outcomes, with results consistent with clinical outcomes. The proportion of patients with baseline uncontrolled asthma achieving "good" or "complete" asthma control was 48% with omalizumab and 32% with placebo at approximately 4 months. The mean composite score also was improved with omalizumab (3.52) vs placebo (2.56) at approximately 4 months. CONCLUSIONS: The ACC tool accurately reflects asthma control in moderate to severe asthma patients eligible for biological therapy. Unlike the ACT, which has not been validated in this patient population, the ACC shows promise as an asthma control assessment tool in patients with moderate to severe asthma.


Assuntos
Antiasmáticos/uso terapêutico , Anticorpos Anti-Idiotípicos/uso terapêutico , Anticorpos Monoclonais/uso terapêutico , Asma/tratamento farmacológico , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adolescente , Corticosteroides/uso terapêutico , Adulto , Idoso , Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados , Beclometasona/uso terapêutico , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Imunoglobulina E/imunologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Omalizumab , Estudos Retrospectivos , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto Jovem
17.
JCI Insight ; 6(19)2021 10 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34622797

RESUMO

Mucopolysaccharidosis type II (MPS II) is a lysosomal storage disorder caused by deficiency of the iduronate-2-sulfatase (IDS) enzyme, resulting in cellular accumulation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) throughout the body. Treatment of MPS II remains a considerable challenge as current enzyme replacement therapies do not adequately control many aspects of the disease, including skeletal and neurological manifestations. We developed an IDS transport vehicle (ETV:IDS) that is engineered to bind to the transferrin receptor; this design facilitates receptor-mediated transcytosis of IDS across the blood-brain barrier and improves its distribution into the brain while maintaining distribution to peripheral tissues. Here we show that chronic systemic administration of ETV:IDS in a mouse model of MPS II reduced levels of peripheral and central nervous system GAGs, microgliosis, and neurofilament light chain, a biomarker of neuronal injury. Additionally, ETV:IDS rescued auricular and skeletal abnormalities when introduced in adult MPS II mice. These effects were accompanied by improvements in several neurobehavioral domains, including motor skills, sensorimotor gating, and learning and memory. Together, these results highlight the therapeutic potential of ETV:IDS for treating peripheral and central abnormalities in MPS II. DNL310, an investigational ETV:IDS molecule, is currently in clinical trials as a potential treatment for patients with MPS II.


Assuntos
Barreira Hematoencefálica/metabolismo , Terapia de Reposição de Enzimas/métodos , Iduronato Sulfatase/administração & dosagem , Mucopolissacaridose II/tratamento farmacológico , Receptores da Transferrina/metabolismo , Vesículas Transportadoras/metabolismo , Animais , Comportamento Animal/efeitos dos fármacos , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Glicosaminoglicanos/metabolismo , Iduronato Sulfatase/genética , Memória/efeitos dos fármacos , Camundongos , Camundongos Knockout , Destreza Motora/efeitos dos fármacos , Mucopolissacaridose II/genética , Mucopolissacaridose II/metabolismo , Mucopolissacaridose II/fisiopatologia , Fenótipo , Filtro Sensorial/efeitos dos fármacos , Esqueleto/efeitos dos fármacos , Aprendizagem Espacial/efeitos dos fármacos , Transcitose
18.
Ann Clin Transl Neurol ; 7(7): 1103-1116, 2020 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32515902

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To investigate neurodegenerative and inflammatory biomarkers in people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (PALS), evaluate their predictive value for ALS progression rates, and assess their utility as pharmacodynamic biomarkers for monitoring treatment effects. METHODS: De-identified, longitudinal plasma, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from PALS (n = 108; 85 with samples from ≥2 visits) and controls without neurological disease (n = 41) were obtained from the Northeast ALS Consortium (NEALS) Biofluid Repository. Seventeen of 108 PALS had familial ALS, of whom 10 had C9orf72 mutations. Additional healthy control CSF samples (n = 35) were obtained from multiple sources. We stratified PALS into fast- and slow-progression subgroups using the ALS Functional Rating Scale-Revised change rate. We compared cytokines/chemokines and neurofilament (NF) levels between PALS and controls, among progression subgroups, and in those with C9orf72 mutations. RESULTS: We found significant elevations of cytokines, including MCP-1, IL-18, and neurofilaments (NFs), indicators of neurodegeneration, in PALS versus controls. Among PALS, these cytokines and NFs were significantly higher in fast-progression and C9orf72 mutation subgroups versus slow progressors. Analyte levels were generally stable over time, a key feature for monitoring treatment effects. We demonstrated that CSF/plasma neurofilament light chain (NFL) levels may predict disease progression, and stratification by NFL levels can enrich for more homogeneous patient groups. INTERPRETATION: Longitudinal stability of cytokines and NFs in PALS support their use for monitoring responses to immunomodulatory and neuroprotective treatments. NFs also have prognostic value for fast-progression patients and may be used to select similar patient subsets in clinical trials.


Assuntos
Esclerose Lateral Amiotrófica/diagnóstico , Esclerose Lateral Amiotrófica/metabolismo , Citocinas/metabolismo , Progressão da Doença , Proteínas de Neurofilamentos/metabolismo , Adulto , Idoso , Esclerose Lateral Amiotrófica/genética , Esclerose Lateral Amiotrófica/fisiopatologia , Bancos de Espécimes Biológicos , Biomarcadores/sangue , Biomarcadores/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Proteína C9orf72/genética , Citocinas/sangue , Citocinas/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Feminino , Humanos , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Proteínas de Neurofilamentos/sangue , Proteínas de Neurofilamentos/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Prognóstico
20.
Front Immunol ; 8: 355, 2017.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28424691

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Fibrosis, particularly excessive collagen deposition, presents a challenge for treating asthmatic individuals. At present, no drugs can remove or reduce excessive collagen in asthmatic airways. Hence, the identification of pathways involved in collagen deposition would help to generate therapeutic targets to interfere with the airway remodeling process. Autophagy, a cellular degradation process, has been shown to be dysregulated in various fibrotic diseases, and genetic association studies in independent human populations have identified autophagy-related 5 (ATG5) to be associated with asthma pathogenesis. Hence, the dysregulation of autophagy may contribute to fibrosis in asthmatic airways. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine if (1) collagen deposition in asthmatic airways is associated with ATG5 expression and (2) ATG5 protein expression is associated with asthma per se and severity. METHODS: Gene expression of transforming growth factor beta 1, various asthma-related collagen types [collagen, type I, alpha 1; collagen, type II, alpha 1; collagen, type III, alpha 1; collagen, type V, alpha 1 (COL5A1) and collagen, type V, alpha 2], and ATG5 were measured using mRNA isolated from bronchial biopsies of refractory asthmatic subjects and assessed for pairwise associations. Protein expression of ATG5 in the airways was measured and associations were assessed for asthma per se, severity, and lung function. MAIN RESULTS: In refractory asthmatic individuals, gene expression of ATG5 was positively associated with COL5A1 in the airways. No association was detected between ATG5 protein expression and asthma per se, severity, and lung function. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Positive correlation between the gene expression patterns of ATG5 and COL5A1 suggests that dysregulated autophagy may contribute to subepithelial fibrosis in the airways of refractory asthmatic individuals. This finding highlights the therapeutic potential of ATG5 in ameliorating airway remodeling in the difficult-to-treat refractory asthmatic individuals.

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