Language and sensory characteristics are reflected in voice-evoked responses in low birth weight children.

BACKGROUND: Children born with very low birth weight (VLBW) are at higher risk for cognitive impairment, including language deficits and sensorimotor difficulties. Voice-evoked response (P1m), which has been suggested as a language development biomarker in young children, remains unexplored for its efficacy in VLBW children. Furthermore, the relation between P1m and sensory difficulties in VLBW children remains unclear. METHODS: 40 children with VLBW were recruited at 5-to-6 years old (26 male, 14 female, mean age of months ± SD, 80.0 ± 4.9). We measured their voice-evoked brain response using child-customized magnetoencephalography (MEG) and examined the relation between P1m and language conceptual inference ability and sensory characteristics. RESULTS: The final sample comprised 36 children (23 boys, 13 girls; ages 61-86 months; gestational ages 24-36 weeks). As a result of multiple regression analysis, voice-evoked P1m in the left hemisphere was correlated significantly with language ability (ß = 0.414 P = 0.015) and sensory hypersensitivity (ß = 0.471 P = 0.005). CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate that the relation between P1m and language conceptual inference ability observed in term children in earlier studies is replicated in VLBW children, and suggests P1m intensity as a biomarker of sensory sensitivity characteristics. IMPACT: We investigated brain functions related to language development and sensory problems in very low birth-weight children. In very low birth weight children at early school age, brain responses to human voices are associated with language conceptual inference ability and sensory hypersensitivity. These findings promote a physiological understanding of both language development and sensory characteristics in very low birth weight children.

Dual-MEG interbrain synchronization during turn-taking verbal interactions between mothers and children.

Verbal interaction and imitation are essential for language learning and development in young children. However, it is unclear how mother-child dyads synchronize oscillatory neural activity at the cortical level in turn-based speech interactions. Our study investigated interbrain synchrony in mother-child pairs during a turn-taking paradigm of verbal imitation. A dual-MEG (magnetoencephalography) setup was used to measure brain activity from interactive mother-child pairs simultaneously. Interpersonal neural synchronization was compared between socially interactive and noninteractive tasks (passive listening to pure tones). Interbrain networks showed increased synchronization during the socially interactive compared to noninteractive conditions in the theta and alpha bands. Enhanced interpersonal brain synchrony was observed in the right angular gyrus, right triangular, and left opercular parts of the inferior frontal gyrus. Moreover, these parietal and frontal regions appear to be the cortical hubs exhibiting a high number of interbrain connections. These cortical areas could serve as a neural marker for the interactive component in verbal social communication. The present study is the first to investigate mother-child interbrain neural synchronization during verbal social interactions using a dual-MEG setup. Our results advance our understanding of turn-taking during verbal interaction between mother-child dyads and suggest a role for social "gating" in language learning.

Effects of familiarity on child brain networks when listening to a storybook reading: A magneto-encephalographic study.

Parent-child book reading is important for fostering the development of various lifelong cognitive and social abilities in young children. Despite numerous reports describing the effects of familiarity on shared reading for children, the exact neural basis of the functional network architecture remains unclear. We conducted Magnet-Encephalographic (MEG) experiments using graph theory to elucidate the role of familiarity in shared reading in a child's brain network and to measure the connectivity dynamics of a child while Listening to Storybook Reading (LSBR), which represents the daily activity of shared book reading between the child and caregiver. The LSBR task was performed with normally developing preschool- and school-age children (N = 15) under two conditions: reading by their own mother (familiar condition) vs. an experimenter (unfamiliar condition). We used the phase lag index (PLI), which captures synchronization of MEG signals, to estimate functional connectivity. For the whole brain network topology, an undirected weighted graph was produced using 68 brain regions as nodes and interregional PLI values as edges for five frequency bands. Behavioral data (i.e., the degree of attention and facial expressions) were evaluated from video images of the child's face during the two conditions. Our results showed enhanced widespread functional connectivity in the alpha band during the mother condition. In the mother condition, the whole brain network in the alpha band exhibited topographically high local segregation with high global integration, indicating an increased small-world property. Results of the behavioral analysis revealed that children were more attentive and showed more positive facial expressions in the mother condition than in the experimenter condition. Behavioral data were significantly correlated with graph metrics in the mother condition but not in the experimenter condition. In this study, we identified the neural correlates of a familiarity effect in children's brain connectivity dynamics during LSBR. Furthermore, these familiarity-related brain dynamics were closely linked to the child's behavior. Graph theory applied to MEG data may provide useful insight into the familiarity-related child brain response in a naturalistic setting and its relevance to child attitudes.

Shorter P1m Response in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder without Intellectual Disabilities.

(1) Background: Atypical auditory perception has been reported in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Altered auditory evoked brain responses are also associated with childhood ASD. They are likely to be associated with atypical brain maturation. (2) Methods: This study examined children aged 5-8 years old: 29 with ASD but no intellectual disability and 46 age-matched typically developed (TD) control participants. Using magnetoencephalography (MEG) data obtained while participants listened passively to sinusoidal pure tones, bilateral auditory cortical response (P1m) was examined. (3) Results: Significantly shorter P1m latency in the left hemisphere was found for children with ASD without intellectual disabilities than for children with TD. Significant correlation between P1m latency and language conceptual ability was found in children with ASD, but not in children with TD. (4) Conclusions: These findings demonstrated atypical brain maturation in the auditory processing area in children with ASD without intellectual disability. Findings also suggest that ASD has a common neural basis for pure-tone sound processing and language development. Development of brain networks involved in language concepts in early childhood ASD might differ from that in children with TD.

Complexity of Body Movements during Sleep in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Recently, measuring the complexity of body movements during sleep has been proven as an objective biomarker of various psychiatric disorders. Although sleep problems are common in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and might exacerbate ASD symptoms, their objectivity as a biomarker remains to be established. Therefore, details of body movement complexity during sleep as estimated by actigraphy were investigated in typically developing (TD) children and in children with ASD. Several complexity analyses were applied to raw and thresholded data of actigraphy from 17 TD children and 17 children with ASD. Determinism, irregularity and unpredictability, and long-range temporal correlation were examined respectively using the false nearest neighbor (FNN) algorithm, information-theoretic analyses, and detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA). Although the FNN algorithm did not reveal determinism in body movements, surrogate analyses identified the influence of nonlinear processes on the irregularity and long-range temporal correlation of body movements. Additionally, the irregularity and unpredictability of body movements measured by expanded sample entropy were significantly lower in ASD than in TD children up to two hours after sleep onset and at approximately six hours after sleep onset. This difference was found especially for the high-irregularity period. Through this study, we characterized details of the complexity of body movements during sleep and demonstrated the group difference of body movement complexity across TD children and children with ASD. Complexity analyses of body movements during sleep have provided valuable insights into sleep profiles. Body movement complexity might be useful as a biomarker for ASD.

Brain responses to human-voice processing predict child development and intelligence.

Children make rapid transitions in their neural and intellectual development. Compared to other brain regions, the auditory cortex slowly matures, and children show immature auditory brain activity. This auditory neural plasticity largely occurs as a response to human-voice stimuli, which are presented more often than other stimuli, and can even be observed in the brainstem. Early psychologists have proposed that sensory processing and intelligence are closely related to each other. In the present study, we identified brain activity related to human-voice processing and investigated a crucial neural correlate of child development and intelligence. We also examined the neurophysiological activity patterns during human-voice processing in young children aged 3 to 8 years. We investigated auditory evoked fields (AEFs) and oscillatory changes using child-customized magnetoencephalography within a short recording time (<6 min). We examined the P1m component of AEFs, which is a predominant component observed in young children. The amplitude of the left P1m was highly correlated with age, and the amplitude of the right P1m was highly correlated with the intelligence quotient. For auditory-related oscillatory changes, we found a positive correlation between the intelligence quotient and percent change of gamma increase relative to baseline in the right auditory cortex. We replicated the finding of age-related changes in auditory brain activity in young children, which is related to the slow maturation of the auditory cortex. In addition, these results suggest a close link between intelligence and auditory sensory processing, especially in the right hemisphere.

Altered Gamma Oscillations during Motor Control in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Autism is hypothesized to result in a cortical excitatory and inhibitory imbalance driven by inhibitory interneuron dysfunction, which is associated with the generation of gamma oscillations. On the other hand, impaired motor control has been widely reported in autism. However, no study has focused on the gamma oscillations during motor control in autism. In the present study, we investigated the motor-related gamma oscillations in autism using magnetoencephalography. Magnetoencephalographic signals were recorded from 14 right-handed human children with autism (5 female), aged 5-7 years, and age- and IQ-matched 15 typically developing children during a motor task using their right index finger. Consistent with previous studies, the autism group showed a significantly longer button response time and reduced amplitude of motor-evoked magnetic fields. We observed that the autism group exhibited a low peak frequency of motor-related gamma oscillations from the contralateral primary motor cortex, and these were associated with the severity of autism symptoms. The autism group showed a reduced power of motor-related gamma oscillations in the bilateral primary motor cortex. A linear discriminant analysis using the button response time and gamma oscillations showed a high classification performance (86.2% accuracy). The alterations of the gamma oscillations in autism might reflect the cortical excitatory and inhibitory imbalance. Our findings provide an important clue into the behavioral and neurophysiological alterations in autism and a potential biomarker for autism.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Currently, the diagnosis of autism has been based on behavioral assessments, and a crucial issue in the diagnosis of autism is to identify objective and quantifiable clinical biomarkers. A key hypothesis of the neurophysiology of autism is an excitatory and inhibitory imbalance in the brain, which is associated with the generation of gamma oscillations. On the other hand, motor deficits have also been widely reported in autism. This is the first study to demonstrate low motor performance and altered motor-related gamma oscillations in autism, reflecting a brain excitatory and inhibitory imbalance. Using these behavioral and neurophysiological parameters, we classified autism and control group with good accuracy. This work provides important information on behavioral and neurophysiological alterations in patients with autism.

Enhanced brain signal variability in children with autism spectrum disorder during early childhood.

Extensive evidence shows that a core neurobiological mechanism of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) involves aberrant neural connectivity. Recent advances in the investigation of brain signal variability have yielded important information about neural network mechanisms. That information has been applied fruitfully to the assessment of aging and mental disorders. Multiscale entropy (MSE) analysis can characterize the complexity inherent in brain signal dynamics over multiple temporal scales in the dynamics of neural networks. For this investigation, we sought to characterize the magnetoencephalography (MEG) signal variability during free watching of videos without sound using MSE in 43 children with ASD and 72 typically developing controls (TD), emphasizing early childhood to older childhood: a critical period of neural network maturation. Results revealed an age-related increase of brain signal variability in a specific timescale in TD children, whereas atypical age-related alteration was observed in the ASD group. Additionally, enhanced brain signal variability was observed in children with ASD, and was confirmed particularly for younger children. In the ASD group, symptom severity was associated region-specifically and timescale-specifically with reduced brain signal variability. These results agree well with a recently reported theory of increased brain signal variability during development and aberrant neural connectivity in ASD, especially during early childhood. Results of this study suggest that MSE analytic method might serve as a useful approach for characterizing neurophysiological mechanisms of typical-developing and its alterations in ASD through the detection of MEG signal variability at multiple timescales.

Unusual developmental pattern of brain lateralization in young boys with autism spectrum disorder: Power analysis with child-sized magnetoencephalography.

AIMS: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is often described as comprising an unusual brain growth pattern and aberrant brain lateralization. Although it is important to study the pathophysiology of the developing ASD cortex, examples of physiological brain lateralization in young children with ASD have yet to be well examined. METHODS: Thirty-eight boys with ASD (aged 3-7 years) and 38 typically developing (TD) boys (aged 3-8 years) concentrated on video programs and their brain activities were measured non-invasively. We employed a customized child-sized magnetoencephalography system in which the sensors were located as close to the brain as possible for optimal recording in young children. To produce a credible laterality index of the brain oscillations, we defined two clusters of sensors corresponding to the right and left hemispheres. We focused on the laterality index ([left - right]/[left+right]) of the relative power band in seven frequency bands. RESULTS: The TD group displayed significantly rightward lateralized brain oscillations in the theta-1 frequency bands compared to the ASD group. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to demonstrate unusual brain lateralization of brain oscillations measured by magnetoencephalography in young children with ASD.

Broader autism phenotype in mothers predicts social responsiveness in young children with autism spectrum disorders.

AIMS: The aim of this study was to identify phenotypes in mothers and fathers that are specifically associated with disturbances in reciprocal social interactions and communication in their young children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in a Japanese sample. METHODS: Autistic traits in parents were evaluated using the Autism-spectrum Quotient (AQ), the Empathy Quotient (EQ) and the Systemizing Quotient (SQ) in 88 parents (44 mothers and corresponding fathers) of children with ASD and in 60 parents (30 mothers and corresponding fathers) of typically developing (TD) children. For the measurement of autistic traits in children, we employed the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS). RESULTS: In two of the five AQ subscales (social skills and communication), the parents of ASD children scored significantly higher than did the parents of TD children, regardless of whether the parent was a mother or a father. In addition, in mothers of ASD children, there were significant positive correlations between two of the five AQ subscales (attention-switching and communication) and the SRS T-score in their children. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to demonstrate that the social skills and communication subscales in the AQ are more sensitive as autism traits in a Japanese sample and to demonstrate that some autistic traits in mothers are specifically associated with disturbances in the social ability of their young children with ASD, as measured by the SRS score. Further study is necessary to determine whether these results were caused by genetic or environmental factors.

A longitudinal study of auditory evoked field and language development in young children.

The relationship between language development in early childhood and the maturation of brain functions related to the human voice remains unclear. Because the development of the auditory system likely correlates with language development in young children, we investigated the relationship between the auditory evoked field (AEF) and language development using non-invasive child-customized magnetoencephalography (MEG) in a longitudinal design. Twenty typically developing children were recruited (aged 36-75 months old at the first measurement). These children were re-investigated 11-25 months after the first measurement. The AEF component P1m was examined to investigate the developmental changes in each participant's neural brain response to vocal stimuli. In addition, we examined the relationships between brain responses and language performance. P1m peak amplitude in response to vocal stimuli significantly increased in both hemispheres in the second measurement compared to the first measurement. However, no differences were observed in P1m latency. Notably, our results reveal that children with greater increases in P1m amplitude in the left hemisphere performed better on linguistic tests. Thus, our results indicate that P1m evoked by vocal stimuli is a neurophysiological marker for language development in young children. Additionally, MEG is a technique that can be used to investigate the maturation of the auditory cortex based on auditory evoked fields in young children. This study is the first to demonstrate a significant relationship between the development of the auditory processing system and the development of language abilities in young children.

Association of genetic variants with autism spectrum disorder in Japanese children revealed by targeted sequencing.

Introduction: Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) represent a heterogeneous group of neurodevelopmental disorders with strong genetic predispositions. Although an increasing number of genetic variants have been implicated in the pathogenesis of ASD, little is known about the relationship between ASD-associated genetic variants and individual ASD traits. Therefore, we aimed to investigate these relationships. Methods: Here, we report a case-control association study of 32 Japanese children with ASD (mainly with high-functioning autism [HFA]) and 36 with typical development (TD). We explored previously established ASD-associated genes using a next-generation sequencing panel and determined the association between Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) T-scores and intelligence quotient (IQ) scores. Results: In the genotype-phenotype analyses, 40 variants of five genes (SCN1A, SHANK3, DYRK1A, CADPS, and SCN2A) were associated with ASD/TD phenotypes. In particular, 10 SCN1A variants passed permutation filtering (false discovery rate <0.05). In the quantitative association analyses, 49 variants of 12 genes (CHD8, SCN1A, SLC6A1, KMT5B, CNTNAP2, KCNQ3, SCN2A, ARID1B, SHANK3, DYRK1A, FOXP1, and GRIN2B) and 50 variants of 10 genes (DYRK1A, SCN2A, SLC6A1, ARID1B, CNTNAP2, SHANK3, FOXP1, PTEN, SCN1A, and CHD8) were associated with SRS T- and IQ-scores, respectively. Conclusion: Our data suggest that these identified variants are essential for the genetic architecture of HFA.

Neural responses to syllable-induced P1m and social impairment in children with autism spectrum disorder and typically developing Peers.

In previous magnetoencephalography (MEG) studies, children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have been shown to respond differently to speech stimuli than typically developing (TD) children. Quantitative evaluation of this difference in responsiveness may support early diagnosis and intervention for ASD. The objective of this research is to investigate the relationship between syllable-induced P1m and social impairment in children with ASD and TD children. We analyzed 49 children with ASD aged 40-92 months and age-matched 26 TD children. We evaluated their social impairment by means of the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) and their intelligence ability using the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children (K-ABC). Multiple regression analysis with SRS score as the dependent variable and syllable-induced P1m latency or intensity and intelligence ability as explanatory variables revealed that SRS score was associated with syllable-induced P1m latency in the left hemisphere only in the TD group and not in the ASD group. A second finding was that increased leftward-lateralization of intensity was correlated with higher SRS scores only in the ASD group. These results provide valuable insights but also highlight the intricate nature of neural mechanisms and their relationship with autistic traits.

Reduced gamma oscillation during visual processing of the mother's face in children with autism spectrum disorder: A pilot study.

Aim: This study aimed to investigate gamma oscillations related to face processing of children with autism spectrum disorders and typically developed children using magnetoencephalography. Methods: We developed stimuli that included naturalistic real-time eye-gaze situations between participants and their mothers. Eighteen young children with autism spectrum disorders (62-97 months) and 24 typically developed children (61-79 months) were included. The magnetoencephalography data were analyzed in the bilateral banks of the superior temporal sulcus, fusiform gyrus, and pericalcarine cortex for frequency ranges 30-59 and 61-90 Hz. The gamma oscillation normalized values were calculated to compare the face condition (children gazing at mother's face) and control measurements (baseline) using the following formula: (face - control)/(face + control). Results: The results revealed significant differences in gamma oscillation normalized values in the low gamma band (30-59 Hz) in the right banks of the superior temporal sulcus, right fusiform gyrus, and right pericalcarine cortex between children with autism spectrum disorders and typically developed children. Furthermore, there were significant differences in gamma oscillation normalized values in the high gamma band (61-90 Hz) in the right banks of the superior temporal sulcus, bilateral fusiform gyrus, and bilateral pericalcarine cortex between the groups. Conclusion: This report is the first magnetoencephalography study revealing atypical face processing in young children with autism spectrum disorders using relevant stimuli between participants and their mothers. Our naturalistic paradigm provides a useful assessment of social communication traits and a valuable insight into the underlying neural mechanisms in children with autism spectrum disorders.

Effect of steady-state response versus excitatory/inhibitory balance on spiking synchronization in neural networks with log-normal synaptic weight distribution.

Synchronization of neural activity, especially at the gamma band, contributes to perceptual functions. In several psychiatric disorders, deficits of perceptual functions are reflected in synchronization abnormalities. Plausible cause of this impairment is an alteration in the balance between excitation and inhibition (E/I balance); a disruption in the E/I balance leads to abnormal neural interactions reminiscent of pathological states. Moreover, the local lateral excitatory-excitatory synaptic connections in the cortex exhibit excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) that follow a log-normal amplitude distribution. This long-tailed distribution is considered an important factor for the emergence of spatiotemporal neural activity. In this context, we hypothesized that manipulating the EPSP distribution under abnormal E/I balance conditions would provide insights into psychiatric disorders characterized by deficits in perceptual functions, potentially revealing the mechanisms underlying pathological neural behaviors. In this study, we evaluated the synchronization of neural activity with external periodic stimuli in spiking neural networks in cases of both E/I balance and imbalance with or without a long-tailed EPSP amplitude distribution. The results showed that external stimuli of a high frequency lead to a decrease in the degree of synchronization with an increasing ratio of excitatory to inhibitory neurons in the presence, but not in the absence, of high-amplitude EPSPs. This monotonic reduction can be interpreted as an autonomous, strong-EPSP-dependent spiking activity selectively interfering with the responses to external stimuli. This observation is consistent with pathological findings. Thus, our modeling approach has potential to improve the understanding of the steady-state response in both healthy and pathological states.

Relation between acquisition of lexical concept and joint attention in children with autism spectrum disorder without severe intellectual disability.

In children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), impairment of joint attention and language function are observed frequently from early childhood. Earlier reports have described these two phenomena as mutually related. For this study, developing past research, the relation between joint attention and the ability of conceptual inference is examined in 113 Japanese children (67.9 months mean age, 75% male) with ASD. We calculated Pearson's correlation coefficients between their Joint attention abnormality evaluated by ADOS-2 and "Riddle" subscale in K-ABC, then they are negatively correlated: r (104) = -.285. A larger abnormality of joint attention is associated with a lower ability of conceptual inference. New findings were obtained indicating that, in children of this age group with ASD, the degree of joint attention impairment is correlated negatively with conceptual inference ability, but not with expressive and receptive language abilities. Consideration of the mechanism of this relation is presented in this report.

Effect of CNTNAP2 polymorphism on receptive language in children with autism spectrum disorder without language developmental delay.

AIM: The receptive language ability of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) seems to lag behind expressive language ability. Several autism-related genes may influence this developmental delay. Polymorphism of one such gene, namely, the contactin-associated protein-like 2 gene (CNTNAP2), affects receptive language in individuals with language delay. However, the association between CNTNAP2 polymorphism and receptive language in individuals with no language delay remains unclear. METHODS: We included 59 children with ASD and 57 children with typical development in this study and investigated this association using coarse-grained exact matching. RESULTS: We present the first evidence of an association between CNTNAP2 rs2710102 (A-allele carrier) and reduced receptive language ability in children with ASD whose language development was not delayed. Similarly, among children with typical development, A-allele carriers had lower receptive language ability, but the difference was non-significant. CONCLUSIONS: It is possible that the effect of rs2710102 on receptive language ability is larger in the presence of autism-related genes. Consequently, we speculate that the effect of rs2710102 on receptive language ability would be exerted in combination with other genes. These findings provide new insights into the genetic interactions between mutations associated with common language disorders and ASD and identify molecular mechanisms and risk alleles that contribute to receptive vocabulary. These findings also provide practical guidance in terms of providing candidate genetic markers that may provide opportunities for targeted early intervention to stratify risk and improve prognosis for poor receptive language development in children with ASD.

Alterations in brain networks in children with sub-threshold autism spectrum disorder: A magnetoencephalography study.

Individuals with sub-threshold autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are those who have social communication difficulties but do not meet the full ASD diagnostic criteria. ASD is associated with an atypical brain network; however, no studies have focused on sub-threshold ASD. Here, we used the graph approach to investigate alterations in the brain networks of children with sub-threshold ASD, independent of a clinical diagnosis. Graph theory is an effective approach for characterizing the properties of complex networks on a large scale. Forty-six children with ASD and 31 typically developing children were divided into three groups (i.e., ASD-Unlikely, ASD-Possible, and ASD-Probable groups) according to their Social Responsiveness Scale scores. We quantified magnetoencephalographic signals using a graph-theoretic index, the phase lag index, for every frequency band. Resultantly, the ASD-Probable group had significantly lower small-worldness (SW) in the delta, theta, and beta bands than the ASD-Unlikely group. Notably, the ASD-Possible group exhibited significantly higher SW than the ASD-Probable group and significantly lower SW than the ASD-Unlikely group in the delta band only. To our knowledge, this was the first report of the atypical brain network associated with sub-threshold ASD. Our findings indicate that magnetoencephalographic signals using graph theory may be useful in detecting sub-threshold ASD.

Altered sensory integration from body and language development in children with autism spectrum disorder.

Aim: Although atypical sensory motor processing has been investigated in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), whether or not atypical sensory motor processing is related to altered language function in children with ASD remains unclear. Methods: This study examined the relationship between sensory motor processing and language conceptual inference ability in 3-10-year-old children with (n = 61) and without (n = 114) ASD. Language performance was assessed using the language conceptual inference task of the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children (K-ABC). Sensory processing was assessed using the Caregiver Sensory Profile. Results: In children with ASD, altered processing of the fine motor/perceptual factor scored by sensory profile was found to be significantly related to language conceptual inference ability in the K-ABC, representing the integrated abilities of language comprehension and language expression, which reflect language semantic concept formation. Conclusions: For children with ASD, the results suggest a relationship between difficulties of integrating sensory information perceived from the body adjusting fine movement and deficiencies of language semantic conceptual formation.