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Fiber nonlinearity compensation (NLC) is likely to become an indispensable component of coherent optical transmission systems for extending the transmission reach and increasing capacity per fiber. In this work, we introduce what we believe to be a novel fast black-box neural network model based on the Fourier neural operator (FNO) to compensate for the chromatic dispersion (CD) and nonlinearity simultaneously. The feasibility of the proposed approach is demonstrated in uniformly distributed as well as probabilistically-shaped 32GBaud 16/32/64-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (16/32/64QAM) polarization-division-multiplexed (PDM) coherent optical communication systems. The experimental results demonstrate that about 0.31â dB Q-factor improvement is achieved compared to traditional digital back-propagation (DBP) with 5 steps per span for PDM-16QAM signals after 1600â km standard single-mode fiber (SSMF) transmission at the optimal launched power of 4 dBm. While, the time consumption is reduced from 6.04 seconds to 1.69 seconds using a central processing unit (CPU), and from 1.54 seconds to only 0.03 seconds using a graphic processing unit (GPU), respectively. This scheme also reveals noticeable generalization ability in terms of launched power and modulation format.
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We experimentally demonstrate a total net-rate of 27.88 Tb/s for C-band wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) transmission over an ultralong span-length of 150â km. It is the largest net capacity × span-length product of 4182 Tb/s·km for C-band, single-core, standard single-mode optical fiber transmission over a length of more than 3,000â km. A total of 99 channels, spaced at 50â GHz intervals, are employed for transmitting 32 GBaud probabilistically constellation-shaped (PCS) 64QAM signals with an information entropy of 5.5. High gain amplifiers can achieve wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) transmission with a bandwidth of 6.25 THz, at a noise figure below 4.3â dB, without the assistance of distributed Raman amplification.
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BACKGROUND: Although adverse health effects of phthalates have been reported, very few studies have assessed the associations between biomarkers of phthalate exposure and serum folate concentrations in children. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to examine the association between urinary phthalate metabolites, as biomarkers of exposure to phthalates, and total serum folate concentrations in children using national data from the United States. METHODS: We conducted cross-sectional analyses of 2100 individuals aged 6-18 y enrolled in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2011-2016. Multivariable linear regression was applied to examine the relationship between natural logarithm (ln)-transformed urinary phthalate metabolites and serum folate concentrations. The quantile-based g-computation was used to assess the association of urinary phthalate metabolite mixture with serum folate levels. Subgroup analyses were conducted by sex, age, and race/ethnicity, and the interactions were assessed by adding interaction terms of these stratifying variables and phthalates and modeling through the Wald test. RESULTS: In multiple linear regression models, for participants in the highest tertile of MEHHP, MEOHP, DEHP, MCPP, and MCOP, total serum folate concentrations were 1.566 [ß: -1.566; 95% confidence interval: -2.935, -0.196], 1.423 (-1.423; -2.689, -0.157), 1.309 (-1.309; -2.573, -0.044), 1.530 (-1.530; -2.918, -0.142), and 1.381 (-1.381; -2.641, -0.122) ng/mL lower than those in the lowest tertile. The inverse associations were consistent in different subgroups by sex, age, and race/ethnicity (P for interaction ≥0.083 for all). In addition, the phthalate mixture showed a strong inverse correlation with serum folate; a quartile increase in the phthalate mixture on the ln scale was associated with 0.888 (-0.888; -1.677, -0.099) ng/mL decrease in the serum folate. CONCLUSIONS: Higher concentrations of urinary phthalate metabolites were associated with lower serum folate concentrations in children. Although our findings should be validated through additional population and mechanistic studies, they support a potential adverse effect of phthalate exposure on folate metabolism in children.
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Biomarcadores , Exposição Ambiental , Ácido Fólico , Ácidos Ftálicos , Ácido Fólico/sangue , Biomarcadores/urina , Exposição Ambiental/análise , Estudos Transversais , Ácidos Ftálicos/urina , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , AdolescenteRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Our study examined the trends of cardiovascular health metrics in individuals with coronary heart disease (CHD) and their associations with all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality in the US. METHODS AND RESULTS: The cohort study was conducted based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2018 and their linked mortality files (through 2019). Baseline CHD was defined as a composite of self-reported doctor-diagnosed coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction, and angina pectoris. Cardiovascular health metrics were assessed according to the American Heart Association recommendations. Long-term all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality were the primary outcomes. Survey-adjusted Cox regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios and corresponding 95% confidence intervals for the associations between cardiovascular health metrics and all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality. The prevalence of one or fewer ideal cardiovascular health metrics increased from 14.15% to 22.79% (P < 0.001) in CHD, while the prevalence of more than four ideal cardiovascular health metrics decreased from 21.65% to 15.70 % (P < 0.001) from 1999 to 2018, respectively. Compared with CHD participants with one or fewer ideal cardiovascular health metrics, those with four or more ideal cardiovascular health metrics had a 35% lower risk (hazard ratio, 0.65; 95% confidence interval: 0.51, 0.82) and a 44% lower risk (0.56; 0.38, 0.84) in all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality, respectively. CONCLUSION: Substantial declines were noted in ideal cardiovascular health metrics in US adults with CHD. A higher number of cardiovascular health metrics was associated with lower all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality in them.
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Causas de Morte , Doença das Coronárias , Inquéritos Nutricionais , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Estados Unidos/epidemiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Doença das Coronárias/mortalidade , Doença das Coronárias/diagnóstico , Doença das Coronárias/epidemiologia , Fatores de Tempo , Idoso , Medição de Risco , Adulto , Prognóstico , Nível de Saúde , Prevalência , Fatores de Proteção , Fatores de Risco , Fatores de Risco de Doenças Cardíacas , Indicadores Básicos de Saúde , Comportamento de Redução do RiscoRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Since the global burden of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is rising rapidly, the study aimed to assess the association of cardiovascular health (CVH) metrics with all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality among individuals with CKD. METHODS AND RESULTS: The cohort study included 5834 participants with CKD from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2018. A composite CVH score was calculated based on smoking status, physical activity, body mass index, blood pressure, total cholesterol, diet quality, and glucose control. Primary outcomes were all-cause and CVD mortality as of December 31, 2019. Multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the association between CVH metrics and deaths in CKD patients. During a median follow-up of 7.2 years, 2178 all-cause deaths and 779 CVD deaths were documented. Compared to participants with ideal CVH, individuals with intermediate CVH exhibited a 46.0% increase in all-cause mortality (hazard ratio, 1.46; 95% confidence interval: 1.17, 1.83), while those with poor CVH demonstrated a 101.0% increase (2.01; 1.54, 2.62). For CVD mortality, individuals with intermediate CVH experienced a 56.0% increase (1.56; 1.02, 2.39), and those with poor CVH demonstrated a 143.0% increase (2.43; 1.51, 3.91). Linear trends were noted for the associations of CVH with both all-cause mortality (P for trend <0.001) and CVD mortality (P for trend = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Lower CVH levels were associated with higher all-cause and CVD mortality in individuals with CKD, which highlights the importance of maintaining good CVH in CKD patients.
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Doenças Cardiovasculares , Causas de Morte , Fatores de Risco de Doenças Cardíacas , Inquéritos Nutricionais , Insuficiência Renal Crônica , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Doenças Cardiovasculares/mortalidade , Doenças Cardiovasculares/diagnóstico , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/mortalidade , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/diagnóstico , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/fisiopatologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Medição de Risco , Idoso , Fatores de Tempo , Estados Unidos/epidemiologia , Prognóstico , Adulto , Pressão Sanguínea , Glicemia/metabolismo , Exercício Físico , Dieta Saudável , Colesterol/sangue , Fumar/efeitos adversos , Fumar/mortalidade , Fumar/epidemiologia , Nível de Saúde , Índice de Massa Corporal , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
The polymorphism of phosphorus-based materials has garnered much research interest, and the variable chemical bonding structures give rise to a variety of micro and nanostructures. Among the different types of materials containing phosphorus, elemental phosphorus materials (EPMs) constitute the foundation for the synthesis of related compounds. EPMs are experiencing a renaissance in the post-graphene era, thanks to recent advancements in the scaling-down of black phosphorus, amorphous red phosphorus, violet phosphorus, and fibrous phosphorus and consequently, diverse classes of low-dimensional sheets, ribbons, and dots of EPMs with intriguing properties have been produced. The nanostructured EPMs featuring tunable bandgaps, moderate carrier mobility, and excellent optical absorption have shown great potential in energy conversion, energy storage, and environmental remediation. It is thus important to have a good understanding of the differences and interrelationships among diverse EPMs, their intrinsic physical and chemical properties, the synthesis of specific structures, and the selection of suitable nanostructures of EPMs for particular applications. In this comprehensive review, we aim to provide an in-depth analysis and discussion of the fundamental physicochemical properties, synthesis, and applications of EPMs in the areas of energy conversion, energy storage, and environmental remediation. Our evaluations are based on recent literature on well-established phosphorus allotropes and theoretical predictions of new EPMs. The objective of this review is to enhance our comprehension of the characteristics of EPMs, keep abreast of recent advances, and provide guidance for future research of EPMs in the fields of chemistry and materials science.
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Hydropericardium hepatitis syndrome (HHS) is primarily caused by fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4), causing high mortality in chickens. Although vaccination strategies against FAdV-4 have been adopted, HHS still occurs sporadically. Furthermore, no effective drugs are available for controlling FAdV-4 infection. However, type I and III interferon (IFN) are crucial therapeutic agents against viral infection. The following experiments were conducted to investigate the inhibitory effect of chicken IFN against FadV-4. We expressed recombinant chicken type I IFN-α (ChIFN-α) and type III IFN-λ (ChIFN-λ) in Escherichia coli and systemically investigated their antiviral activity against FAdV-4 infection in Leghorn male hepatocellular (LMH) cells. ChIFN-α and ChIFN-λ dose dependently inhibited FAdV-4 replication in LMH cells. Compared with ChIFN-λ, ChIFN-α more significantly inhibited viral genome transcription but less significantly suppressed FAdV-4 release. ChIFN-α- and ChIFN-λ-induced IFN-stimulated gene (ISG) expression, such as PKR, ZAP, IRF7, MX1, Viperin, IFIT5, OASL, and IFI6, in LMH cells; however, ChIFN-α induced a stronger expression level than ChIFN-λ. Thus, our data revealed that ChIFN-α and ChIFN-λ might trigger different ISG expression levels, inhibiting FAdV-4 replication via different steps of the FAdV-4 lifecycle, which furthers the potential applications of IFN antiviral drugs in chickens.
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Carcinoma Hepatocelular , Neoplasias Hepáticas , Doenças das Aves Domésticas , Animais , Masculino , Galinhas , Interferon-alfa/farmacologia , Interferon-alfa/genética , Sorogrupo , Adenoviridae/genética , Antivirais/farmacologia , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
Carbon nitride consisting of the broken π-conjugated structure (bc-CN) is designed as the emitting layer in a blue-violet light emitting diode (LED). The bc-CN is prepared by a metal-oxide (MgO) template-assisted method, in which the low reaction temperature and nano MgO jointly control the degree of polymerization to form cyano groups and broken π-conjugation in the bc-CN nanosheets (bc-CN NS) which emit intense blue-violet photoluminescence at 412 nm. The broken π-conjugated heptazine-ring structure in the bc-CN NS mitigates non-radiation energy loss and promotes the d*-LP transition. As a result, a high quantum efficiency of 73.1% is achieved. The excellent dispersing ability of the bc-CN NS enables solution-based fabrication of the light emitting diode (LED). The LED exhibits intense electroluminescence of 236 cd m-2 at 412 nm with an external quantum efficiency of 0.46%. The broken π-conjugation modulates the optical properties of the polymerized carbon nitride semiconductor giving rise to intense blue-violet electroluminescence, which is very desirable for printable and wide-color-gamut display devices.
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Here, a simplified synthesis of graphitic carbon nitride quantum dots (g-C3 N4 -QDs) with improved solution and electroluminescent properties using a one-pot methylamine intercalation-stripping method (OMIM) to hydrothermally exfoliate QDs from bulk graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3 N4 ) is presented. The quantum dots synthesized by this method retain the blue photoluminescence with extremely high fluorescent quantum yield (47.0%). As compared to previously reported quantum dots, the g-C3 N4 -QDs synthesized herein have lower polydispersity and improved solution stability due to high absolute zeta-potential (-41.23 mV), which combine to create a much more tractable material for solution processed thin film fabrication. Spin coating of these QDs yields uniform films with full coverage and low surface roughness ideal for quantum dot light-emitting diode (QLED) fabrication. When incorporated into a functional QLED with OMIM g-C3 N4 -QDs as the emitting layer, the LED demonstrates ≈60× higher luminance (605 vs 11 Cd m-2 ) at lower operating voltage (9 vs 21 V), as compared to the previously reported first generation g-C3 N4 QLEDs, though further work is needed to improve device stability.
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Wild animals, as a vital component of our natural world, serve a crucial role in preserving ecological equilibrium and biodiversity. By delving into the genetic constitution of wild animal populations, the evolutionary history, genetic diversity, and adaptation mechanisms could be explored, thereby informing conservation strategies and safeguarding the future of these species. In order to study the genetic information of wild animals, it is necessary to extract high purity and high concentration of wild animal genomic DNA. In this work, a hydrophobic magnetic deep eutectic solvent (HMDES) based vortexed extraction was developed for the extraction of genomic DNA from leopard cat (Prionailurus bengalensis), hairy-crowned deer (Elaphodus cephalophus) and muntjac (Muntiacus reevesi) muscle tissue, respectively. Extraction conditions like the pH value, extraction time, temperature and the amount of HMDES used were optimized by single-factor experiments. Under the optimized condition, genomic DNA could be selectively extracted from the three animal tissues. The limits of detection (LOD) and limits of quantification (LOQ) of the proposed method were 2.86 ng/µL and 8.66 ng/µL, respectively. Meanwhile, the relative standard deviation (RSD) of the method precision and repeatability were 1.64 % and 5.57 % at 20 ng/µL, showing the method has good precision and repeatability. After extraction, the DNA extracted into the HMDES droplets can be quickly recovered and the HMDES can be recycled and reused. The method proposed is a fast, environmental-friendly and high efficient extraction strategy for purification and enrichment of genomic DNA from leopard cat, hairy-crowned deer and muntjac tissues.
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High performance X-ray detector with ultra-high spatial and temporal resolution are crucial for biomedical imaging. This study reports a dynamic direct-conversion CMOS X-ray detector assembled with screen-printed CsPbBr3, whose mobility-lifetime product is 5.2 × 10-4 cm2 V-1 and X-ray sensitivity is 1.6 × 104 µC Gyair-1 cm-2. Samples larger than 5 cm[Formula: see text]10 cm can be rapidly imaged by scanning this detector at a speed of 300 frames per second along the vertical and horizontal directions. In comparison to traditional indirect-conversion CMOS X-ray detector, this perovskite CMOS detector offers high spatial resolution (5.0 lp mm-1) X-ray radiographic imaging capability at low radiation dose (260 nGy). Moreover, 3D tomographic images of a biological specimen are also successfully reconstructed. These results highlight the perovskite CMOS detector's potential in high-resolution, large-area, low-dose dynamic biomedical X-ray and CT imaging, as well as in non-destructive X-ray testing and security scanning.
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The H9N2 subtype of the avian influenza virus (AIV) is widely prevalent in birds, threatening the poultry industry and providing genetic material for emerging human pathogens. The prevalence and genetic characteristics of H9N2 in Yunnan Province, China, are largely unknown. Samples were collected from live poultry markets (LPMs) and breeding farms in Yunnan Province. H9N2-positive samples were identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), with a high positivity rate of 42.86% in tissue samples. The positivity rate of swab samples in the LPMs in Kunming was 3.97% (17/564), but no AIV was detected in samples from poultry farms in Lijiang, Wenshan, and Yuxi. Evolutionary analysis and genotyping were performed for the 17 strains of isolated H9N2 virus. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that all H9N2 viral genes had 91.6%-100% nucleotide homology, belonged to the G57 genotype, and had high homology with H9N2 viruses isolated from Guangdong and Guangxi, suggesting that the H9N2 viruses in Yunnan Province may have been imported by chicks. Using a nucleotide divergence cutoff of 95%, we identified ten distinct H9N2 genotypes that continued to evolve. The surface genes of the H9N2 isolates displayed substantial genetic diversity, highlighting the genetic diversity and complexity of the H9N2-subtype AIVs in Yunnan. Molecular analysis demonstrated that all 17 strains of H9N2 isolates had mutations at H183N, Q226L, L31P, and I268V in hemagglutinin; S31N in matrix protein 2; and no replacements at positions 274 and 292 of the neuraminidase protein. Sixteen strains had the A558V mutation and one strain had the E627V mutation in polymerase basic protein 2. Analysis of these amino acid sites suggests that H9N2 influenza viruses in Yunnan continue to mutate and adapt to mammals and are sensitive to neuraminidase inhibitors but resistant to adamantanes. It is necessary to strengthen surveillance of AIV H9N2 subtypes in poultry and LPMs in Yunnan to further understand their genetic diversity.
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Fowl adenovirus-induced hepatitis-pericardial effusion syndrome outbreaks have been increasingly reported in China since 2015, resulting in substantial economic losses to the poultry industry. The genetic diversity of indigenous chicken results in different immune traits, affecting the evolution of these viruses. Although the molecular epidemiology of fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4) has been well studied in commercial broiler and layer chickens, the prevalence and genetic characteristics of FAdV-4 in indigenous chickens remain largely unknown. In this study, samples were collected from six indigenous chicken breeds in Yunnan province, China. FAdV-positive samples were identified in five of the six indigenous chicken populations via PCR and 10 isolates were obtained. All FAdVs belonged to serotype FAdV-4 and species FAdV-C. The hexon, fiber, and penton gene sequence comparison analysis demonstrated that the prevalence of FAdV-4 isolates in these chickens might have originated from other provinces that exported chicks and poultry products to Yunnan province. Moreover, several distinct amino acid mutations were firstly identified in the major structural proteins. Our findings highlighted the need to decrease inter-regional movements of live poultry to protect indigenous chicken genetic resources and that the immune traits of these indigenous chickens might result in new mutations of FAdV-4 strains.
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Inorganic perovskite wafers with good stability and adjustable sizes are promising in X-ray detection but the high synthetic temperature is a hindrance. Herein, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is used to prepare the CsPbBr3 micro-bricks powder at room temperature. The CsPbBr3 powder has a cubic shape with few crystal defects, small charge trap density, and high crystallinity. A trace amount of DMSO attaches to the surface of the CsPbBr3 micro-bricks via Pb-O bonding, forming the CsPbBr3-DMSO adduct. During hot isostatic processing, the released DMSO vapor merges the CsPbBr3 micro-bricks, producing a compact and dense CsPbBr3 wafer with minimized grain boundaries and excellent charge transport properties. The CsPbBr3 wafer shows a large mobility-lifetime (µτ) product of 5.16 × 10-4 cm2·V-1, high sensitivity of 14,430 µC·Gyair-1·cm-2, low detection limit of 564 nGyair·s-1, as well as robust stability in X-ray detection. The results reveal a novel strategy with immense practical potential pertaining to high-contrast X-ray detection. Electronic Supplementary Material: Supplementary material (further details of the characterization, SEM images, AFM images, KPFM images, schematic illustration, XRD patterns, XPS spectra, FTIR spectra, UPS spectra, and stability tests) is available in the online version of this article at 10.1007/s12274-023-5487-3.
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This work was developed to solve the problems of the restriction of non-specific adsorption and time-dependent denaturation in the purification of recombinant proteins by multistage chromatographic procedures. A novel purification method (ATPF-ITC) which combining aqueous two-phase flotation (ATPF) with inverse transition cycling (ITC) was established and used to efficiently purify recombinant ß-glucosidase (GLEGB) from cell lysis solution. First, GLEGB would preferentially adsorb on the nitrogen bubble interface relied on the hydrophobic property of the graphene-binding (GB) tag and enter into the top phase of ATPF. Second, GLEGB was achieved further purification by one-round ITC method based on the thermosensitive of the elastin-like polypeptide (ELP) tag. Consequently, the enzymatic activity recovery of GLEGB was 124.92% ± 0.83%, and the purification factor reached 24.26 ± 0.22. The purification results remained stable after six polymer cycles, and the process of ATPF-ITC had no negative effect on the structure of recombinant protein.
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Escherichia coli , beta-Glucosidase , Peptídeos , Proteínas Recombinantes de FusãoRESUMO
Although perovskite wafers with a scalable size and thickness are suitable for direct X-ray detection, polycrystalline perovskite wafers have drawbacks such as the high defect density, defective grain boundaries, and low crystallinity. Herein, PbI2 -DMSO powders are introduced into the MAPbI3 wafer to facilitate crystal growth. The PbI2 powders absorb a certain amount of DMSO to form the PbI2 -DMSO powders and PbI2 -DMSO is converted back into PbI2 under heating while releasing DMSO vapor. During isostatic pressing of the MAPbI3 wafer with the PbI2 -DMSO solid additive, the released DMSO vapor facilitates in situ growth in the MAPbI3 wafer with enhanced crystallinity and reduced defect density. A dense and compact MAPbI3 wafer with a high mobility-lifetime (µτ) product of 8.70 × 10-4 cm2 V-1 is produced. The MAPbI3 -based direct X-ray detector fabricated for demonstration shows a high sensitivity of 1.58 × 104 µC Gyair-1 cm-2 and a low detection limit of 410 nGyair s-1 .
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BACKGROUND: SHC SH2 domain-binding protein 1 (SHCBP1), one of the members of Src homolog and collagen homolog (Shc) family, has been reported to be overexpressed in several malignant cancers and involved in tumor progression. However, the expression of SHCBP1 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) remains unclear, and its clinical significance remains to be further elucidated. METHODS: The expression of SHCBP1 mRNA in 35 pair samples of NPC and adjacent normal tissues of NPC was detected by RT-qPCR. The expression level of SHCBP1 protein and mRNA in the selected cells was detected by western blot and RT-qPCR, respectively. The effects of SHCBP1 on NPC in vitro were observed by MTT method, colony formation assay, apoptosis assay, cell cycle assay, wound healing assay, transwell migration assay, and transwell invasion assay. RESULTS: SHCBP1 was highly expressed in clinical tissues and NPC cell lines, and SHCBP1 knockdown significantly inhibited NPC cell proliferation. Overexpression of SHCBP1 promoted NPC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in NPC cell lines. Silencing SHCBP1 expression can delay cell cycle and inhibit cell apoptosis. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that SHCBP1 may promote proliferation and metastasis of NPC cells, which represents that SHCBP1 may act as a new indicator for predicting the prognosis of NPC and a new target for clinical treatment.
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Objective:To investigate the application and efficacy of pedicled middle turbinate mucosal flap in transnasal endoscopic repair of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea. Methods:15 patients with cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea were retrospectively analyzedï¼including 13 patients with simple cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea ï¼86.7%ï¼ and 2 patients with cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea with meningoencephalocele ï¼13.3%ï¼. According to the location of the fistula, the pedicled middle turbinate mucosal flap under nasal endoscopy was used to repair cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea, in which 5 cases ï¼33.3%ï¼ had leakage at the top of the sieve and 8 cases ï¼53.3%ï¼ had leakage at the sieve plate. Two cases had leakage at the lateral racess of sphenoid sinus. Results:All cases of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea were repaired successful and the mucosa epithelialized well in the operative area. There was no recurrence of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea or other complications during the follow-up period of 4-24 months ï¼average 13 monthsï¼. Conclusion:The pedicled middle turbinate mucosal flap has a high success rate for repairing cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea, and the nasal cavity damage is small, which is worthy of clinical promotion.
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Rinorreia , Conchas Nasais , Endoscopia , Humanos , Mucosa , Estudos Retrospectivos , Conchas Nasais/cirurgiaRESUMO
Two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors are promising photocatalysts; in order to overcome the relatively low efficiency of single-component 2D photocatalysts, heterostructures are fabricated for effective charge separation. Herein, a 2D heterostructure is synthesized by anchoring nickel nanoparticle-decorated black phosphorus (BP) nanosheets to graphitic carbon nitride (CN) nanosheets (CN/BP@Ni). The CN/BP@Ni heterostructure exhibits an enhanced charge separation due to the tight interfacial interaction and the cascaded electron-transfer channel from CN to BP and then to Ni nanoparticles. Possessing abundant active sites of Ni and P-N coordinate bonds, CN/BP@Ni shows a high visible-light-driven H2 evolution rate of 8.59 mmol·h-1·g-1 with the sacrificial agent EtOH, about 10-fold to that of CN/BP. When applying benzyl alcohol to consume photogenerated holes, CN/BP@Ni enables the selective production of benzaldehyde; therefore, two value-added products are obtained in a single closed redox cycle. This work provides new insights into the development of photocatalysts without non-noble metals.
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Pseudocapacitance holds great promise for energy density improvement of supercapacitors, but electrode materials show practical capacity far below theoretical values due to limited ion diffusion accessibility and/or low electron transferability. Herein, inducing two kinds of straight ion-movement channels and fast charge storage/delivery for enhanced reaction kinetics is proposed. Very thick electrodes consisting of vertically aligned and ordered arrays of NiCo2S4-nanoflake-covered slender nickel columns (NCs) are achieved via a scalable route. The vertical standing â¼5 nm ultrathin NiCo2S4 flakes build a porous covering with straight ion channels without the "dead volume", leading to thickness-independent capacity. Benefiting from the architecture acting as a "superhighway" for ultrafast ion/electron transport and providing a large surface area, high electrical conductivity, and abundant availability of electrochemical active sites, the NiCo2S4@NC-array electrode achieves a specific capacity up to 486.9 mAh g-1. The electrode even can work with a high specific capacity of 150 mAh g-1 at a very high current density of 100 A g-1. In particular, due to the advanced structure features, the electrode exhibits excellent flexibility with a unexpected improvement of capacity when being largely bent and excellent cycling stability with an obvious resistance decrease after the cycles. An asymmetric pseudocapacitor applying the NiCo2S4@NC-array as a positive electrode achieves an energy density of 66.5 Wh kg-1 at a power density of 400 W kg-1, superior to the most reported values for asymmetric devices with NiCo2S4 electrodes. This work provides a scalable approach with mold-replication-like simplicity toward achieving thickness-independent electrodes with ultrafast ion/electron transport for energy storage.