Study on the Effectiveness and Value of Evidence-Based Nursing and Predictive Nursing in Emergency Treatment of Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding.

Objective: To study the effectiveness and value of evidence-based nursing and predictive nursing in emergency treatment of upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Methods: A total of 100 patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding in our hospital were selected. The period was from January 2020 to June 2022. They were grouped according to the double color ball method, 50 cases in the control group were given routine nursing, and 50 cases in the observation group were given evidence-based nursing combined with predictive nursing. The key points of evidence-based nursing are to identify the evidence-based question, search for relevant literature, identify scientifically effective nursing measures, and develop nursing care plans that are tailored to the patient's specific situation based on evidence and clinical experience. Predictive nursing requires nurses to have a high level of awareness and risk prevention consciousness to provide care for early signs of bleeding and prevent the occurrence of complications. The psychological state scores, clinical-related indicators, clinical efficacy, incidence of complications, nursing satisfaction, and quality of life scores of the two groups were compared. Results: After the intervention, the SAS score (42.25 ± 1.67) and SDS score (43.59 ± 1.86) of the observation group were lower than those of the control group, the bleeding times (2.41 ± 0.45) of the observation group were less than those of the control group, the hemostasis time (30.12 ± 5.38d) and hospitalization time (5.01 ± 1.11d) of the observation group were shorter than those of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (all P < .05). The total effective rate of hemostasis (96.00%), patient satisfaction (98.00%), and scores of physical health (88.98 ± 5.59), psychological function (91.08 ± 5.11), material life state (90.54 ± 6.46) and social function (89.59 ± 5.78) in GQOLI-74 scores in the observation group were higher than those in the control group. The incidence of complications (6.00%) in the observation group was lower than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (all P < .05). Conclusion: Upper gastrointestinal bleeding is a common emergency in gastroenterology, characterized by rapid onset, severe symptoms, and quick changes. Therefore, in order to expedite the recovery of patients with acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding and ensure their safety, it is necessary to provide effective clinical emergency nursing care. Evidence-based nursing can help nurses take appropriate nursing measures based on the best and latest evidence, to meet the reasonable individualized needs of patients. Predictive nursing is a nursing model that predicts potential nursing risks in advance and takes corresponding preventive measures. It can timely and systematically address risks in nursing and promote improvements in the effectiveness of disease treatment. The combined application of evidence-based nursing and predictive nursing can improve the hemostatic efficiency of patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding, improve the psychological state and quality of life, reduce the incidence of complications, and obtain higher satisfaction. The combined application of these two nursing models has positive implications for improving nursing efficiency, enhancing patient cooperation during emergency care, improving hemostasis effectiveness, enhancing quality of life, and fostering a harmonious nurse-patient relationship.

TNF-α Regulates Mast Cell Functions by Inhibiting Cell Degranulation.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The aim of this study was to investigate the involvement of inducible co-stimulatory ligand (ICOSL) expression in stimulation of mast cells (MCs) by TNF-α and the ability of TNF-α stimulation of MCs to influence CD4+ T cell differentiation and function. The mechanisms underlying TNF-α stimulation of MCs were also explored. METHODS: Mast cells and CD4+ T cells were prepared from C57BL/6 mice (aged 6-8 weeks). ICOSL expression by MCs was measured by real-time PCR and flow cytometry, and levels of IL-4, IL-10 and IFN-γ were measured by ELISA. RESULTS: ICOSL expression by MCs was increased by TNF-α stimulation, and resulted in interaction with CD4+ T cells. The IL-4 and IL-10 levels in the co-culture system increased, while IFN-γ levels decreased. Furthermore, CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T cell proliferation was induced by co-culture with TNF-α-stimulated MCs. The mechanism by which TNF-α stimulated MCs was dependent on the activation of the MAPK signaling pathway. CONCLUSION: TNF-α upregulated the expression of ICOSL on mast cells via a mechanism that is dependent on MAPK phosphorylation. TNF-α-treated MCs promoted the differentiation of regulatory T cells and induced a shift in cytokine expression from a Th1 to a Th2 profile by up-regulation ICOSL expression and inhibition of MC degranulation. Our study reveals a novel mechanism by which mast cells regulate T cell function.

Multiplexed DNA detection using a gold nanorod-based fluorescence resonance energy transfer technique.

A fluorescence resonance energy transfer method for multiplex detection DNA based on gold nanorods had been successfully constructed. This method is simple, easy to operate, good selectivity, no requirement to label the probe molecule and can analyze simultaneously multiple targets of DNA in one sample. The limit of detection for the 18-mer, 27-mer and 30-mer targets is 0.72, 1.0 and 0.43 nM at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3. The recoveries of three targets were 96.57-98.07%, 99.12-100.04% and 97.29-99.93%, respectively. The results show that the method can be used to analyze a clinical sample or a biological sample; it also can be used to develop new probes for rapid, sensitive and highly selective multiplex detection of analytes in real samples.

Protein-binding aptamer assisted signal amplification for the detection of influenza A (H1N1) DNA sequences based on quantum dot fluorescence polarization analysis.

We report a fluorescence polarization platform for H1N1 detection based on the construction of a DNA functional QD fluorescence polarization probe and a bi-functional protein binding aptamer (Apt-DNA). The assay has a linear range from 10 nM to 100 nM with a detection limit of 3.45 nM and is selective over the mismatched bases.

Distribution Characteristics of Microplastics in Surface Seawater off the Yangtze River Estuary Section and Analysis of Ecological Risk Assessment.

Microplastics are widespread in the oceans as a new type of pollutant. Due to the special geographical environment characteristics, the Yangtze River estuary region become hotspot for microplastics research. In 2017 and 2019, surface seawater microplastics samples were collected from five stations off the Yangtze River estuary during four seasons (spring, summer, autumn, and winter). The abundance and characteristics of microplastics in seawater were researched. The results showed that microplastics widely existed in surface seawater; the average abundance of microplastics in seawater was (0.17 ± 0.14) items/m3 (0.00561 ± 0.00462) mg/m3; and accounting for 80% of the total plastic debris, the abundance of microplastics was at moderately low levels compared to national and international studies. The particle size of most microplastics was between 1 mm to 2 mm, accounting for 36.1% of the total microplastics. The main shapes of microplastics were fiber, flake, and line, accounting for 39.5%, 28.4%, and 20.8%, respectively. Polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, and polyethylene were the main components of microplastics, accounting for 41.0%, 25.1%, and 24.9%, respectively. Yellow, green, black, and transparent were the most common colors, accounting for 21.9%, 19.6%, 16.5%, and 15.7%, respectively. This study shows that the spatial distribution of microplastics in the surface waters off the Yangtze River estuary shows a decreasing trend from nearshore to farshore due to the influence of land-based inputs, hydrodynamics, and human activities; the distribution of microplastics has obvious seasonal changes, and the level of microplastic pollution is higher in summer. The potential ecological risk of microplastics in the surface waters off the Yangtze River estuary is relatively small.

Cultivation and biogeochemical analyses reveal insights into biomineralization caused by piezotolerant iron-reducing bacteria from petroleum reservoirs and their application in MEOR.

Interactions between minerals and iron-reducing bacteria under in-situ pressure and temperature conditions play important roles in oil extraction, residual oil methanation, and CO2 storage in petroleum reservoirs. However, the impacts of pressure on dissimilatory iron-reducing bacteria (DIRB) are poorly understood. Herein, the interactions between clay minerals and microbes under elevated hydrostatic pressure conditions were elucidated through enrichment experiments. Bioreduction experiments were performed under hydrostatic pressures of 0.1-40 MPa. Microbial diversity analysis revealed that high pressures significantly increased microbial diversity in petroleum reservoirs, which is helpful for restoring underground ecosystems in situ. The key piezotolerant iron-reducing bacteria in the samples were Shewanella and Flaviflexus. These two genera were isolated for the first time from petroleum reservoirs and identified as piezophiles. The SEM results clearly showed mineral surface dissolution. Moreover, nanoscale secondary minerals were produced during biomineralization. XRD analysis revealed that illite, albite, and clinoptilolite were present after bioreduction. The isolates showed the capacity to inhibit hydro-swelling and prevent plugging-related damage in reservoirs.

Effects of green tide on microbial communities in waters of the Jiangsu coastal area, China.

Recently, green tide outbreaks have resulted in severe coastal ecology and economic effects in China. Jiangsu coastal areas are usually the site of early green tide outbreaks. To clarify the effects of green tide outbreaks in Jiangsu coastal areas, this study analyzed microbial communities during green tide-free and green tide outbreak periods (May and July, respectively) through 16S rDNA sequencing. Sequences were clustered into 4117 operational taxonomic units (OTUs), 1044 and 3834 of which were obtained from the May and July groups, respectively. Redundancy analysis indicated that green tide occurrence was closely associated with the temperature, pH, and concentrations of various nutrients. Diversity analysis revealed that the July group had a richer microbial community than the May group, in agreement with the results of propagule culture. Moreover, comparative analysis revealed that samples in the May and July groups clustered together. According to Megan analysis, the May group had much more Psychrobacter, Sulfitobacter, and Marinomonas than the July group, whereas the other genera were predominantly found in July, such as Ascidiacerhabitans, Synechococcus Hydrotalea, and Burkholderia-Paraburkholderia. These findings suggest that green tide outbreaks affect marine microbial communities, and detecting the changes in the identified genera during green tide outbreaks may contribute to green tide forecasting. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Jiangsu coastal areas are usually the site of early green tide outbreaks. Green tide occurrence was related to the concentrations of various nutrients. Microbial species and community structure significantly changed after green tide outbreak.

Optimization and characterization of biosurfactant produced by indigenous Brevibacillus borstelensis isolated from a low permeability reservoir for application in MEOR.

Biosurfactants are expected to be a key factor for microbial enhanced oil recovery (MEOR). In this study, we described the novel biosurfactant-producing strain Brevibacillus borstelensis YZ-2 isolated from a low permeability oil reservoir. We purified and characterized the biosurfactants produced by this YZ-2 strain via thin-layer chromatography and MALDI-TOF-MS, revealing them to be fengycins. We additionally used a Box-Behnken design approach to optimize fermentation conditions in order to maximize the biosurfactants production. Core flooding experiments showed that biosurfactants produced by YZ-2 can significantly enhance crude oil recovery. Micro-model tests showed that emulsification and IFT reduction was the main EOR mechanism of the YZ biosurfactant in the oil wet model. In summary, these findings highlight the potential of Brevibacillus borstelensis YZ-2 and its metabolites for MEOR.

Culture-dependent and culture-independent methods reveal microbe-clay mineral interactions by dissimilatory iron-reducing bacteria in an integral oilfield.

Fe(III) may be reasonably considered as one of the most important electron acceptors in petroleum reservoir ecosystems. The microbial mineralization of clay minerals, especially montmorillonite, is also of great significance to the exploration of petroleum and gas reservoirs. The bioreduction mechanisms of iron-poor minerals in petroleum reservoirs have been poorly investigated. This study investigated the bioreduction of montmorillonite by dissimilatory iron-reducing bacteria (DIRB) in petroleum reservoirs based on culture-independent and culture-dependent methods. Microbial diversity analysis revealed that Halolactibacillus, Bacillus, Alkaliphilus, Shewanella, Clostridium, and Pseudomonas were the key genera involved in the bioreduction of Fe(III). Through the traditional culture-dependent method, most of the key genera were isolated from the samples collected from petroleum reservoirs. Traditional culture-dependent methods can be used to reveal the metabolic characteristics of microorganisms (such as iron-reduction efficiency) to further elucidate the roles of different species (B. subtilis and B. alkalitelluris) in the environment. Moreover, many species with high iron-reduction efficiencies and relatively low abundances in the samples, such as Tessaracoccus and Flaviflexus, were isolated from petroleum reservoirs for the first time. The combination of culture-dependent and culture-independent methods can be used to further the understanding of the microbial communities and the metabolic characteristics of DIRB in petroleum reservoirs. Structural alterations that occurred during the interactions of microorganisms and montmorillonite were revealed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD). The physical and chemical analysis results demonstrated that microorganisms from petroleum reservoirs can dissolve iron-poor montmorillonite and promote the release of interlayer water. The secondary minerals illite and clinoptilolite were observed in bioreduced smectite. The formation of secondary minerals was closely related to the dissolution degrees of minerals based on iron reduction.

Characterization of the complete mitochondrial genome of Eriocheir leptognathus with phylogenetic analysis.

Eriocheir leptognathus is a dominant species in the Yangtze River estuary. In this study, we first determined the complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of E. leptognathus. The mitogenome is 16,143 bp in length, consisting of 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, two ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes, and one non-coding control region. Initiation codons ATG and ATT were identified in eight and four PCGs, respectively, while stop codons TAA or TAG were found in eleven genes except for two genes which use incomplete stop codon T-. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that three species (E. hepuensis, E.japonica, E. sinensis) and E. leptognathus are very closely related. The complete mitogenome of E. leptognathus can provide population genetics information to further explore the taxonomic status of this species.

Investigation on Plugging and Profile Control of Polymer Microspheres as a Displacement Fluid in Enhanced Oil Recovery.

Polymer microspheres (PMs) are used as a new material to recover residual oil left in unswept oil areas after secondary recovery methods. The fact that the PMs plug the macropores causes the flow direction of the injection fluid to be transferred from macropores to micropores. In order to investigate the plugging and profile control mechanisms of PMs in reservoirs, four kinds of PMs with different particle sizes and four kinds of artificial cores with different permeability were selected for flooding tests, including plugging experiments and profile control experiments. The pore throat size distribution of cores was characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technology. The particle size distribution of PMs used in the experiment was characterized using a laser particle size analyzer. The results showed that there are six matching relationships existing simultaneously between pore throats and PMs based on theoretical analysis, which are completely plugging, single plugging, bridge plugging, smooth passing, deposition, and deformable passing. A key principle for optimizing PMs in profile control is that the particle size of the selected PMs can enter the high permeability layer well, but it is difficult for it to enter the low permeability layer. The results of this paper provide a theoretical basis for the optimal particle size of PMs during the oil field profile control process.

Effects of light on the growth and clonal reproduction of Ligularia virgaurea.

Ligularia virgaurea is a perennial herb that is widely distributed in the alpine meadow on the eastern Qinghai-Tibet plateau. We investigated the patterns of growth and reproduction of L. virgaurea under two contrasting levels of light conditions for two continuous growing seasons. Our results showed that the light effects on the maximum relative growth rate, the shoot weight ratio and the root weight ratio differed between the two growing seasons. L. virgaurea reproduced initially through rhizome in the second growing season, rather than sexual reproduction. The proportion of genets with clonal reproduction decreased under shaded conditions. A minimum genet size should be attained for clonal reproduction to begin under the shaded conditions. There was a positive linear relationship between clonal reproduction and genet size. Light level affected the allocation of total biomass to clonal structures, with less allocation under the full natural irradiance than under the shaded conditions. There seemed to be a trade-off between vegetative growth and clonal reproduction under the full natural irradiance, in terms of smaller relative growth rates of genets with clonal reproduction than those without clonal reproduction. L. virgaurea emphasized clonal reproduction under the full natural irradiance, while the plant emphasized vegetative growth under the shaded conditions.

The complete mitochondrial genome of Exopalaemon annandalei.

In this study, the complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of Exopalaemon annandalei was amplified and analyzed. The mitogenome is 15,718 bp in length, encoding 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 tRNA genes, 2 rRNA genes, and a control region (CR). The nucleotide frequency of the mitogenome is as follows: A, 34.81%; C, 23.24%; G, 12.68%; and T, 29.25%. Seven kinds of the initiation codon and five kinds of termination codon are employed in the 13 PCGs. Phylogenetic analysis show E. annandalei to be in sister-relationship with E. carinicauda. The complete mitogenome sequence information of E. annandalei would play an important part in further studies on molecular systematics and phylogeny.

The complete mitochondrial genome of Helice Sheni and its phylogenetic implication.

In this study, the complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of Helice sheni was amplified and analyzed. The mitogenome is 16,062 bp in length, encoding the standard set of 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, 2 rRNA genes, and one control region. The nucleotide frequency of the mitogenome is as follows: A, 34.81%; C, 23.24%; G, 12.68%; and T, 29.25%. Eight overlapping areas and 22 intergenic spacers were found in the complete mitogenome. The typical initiation codon (ATT) and stop codon (TAA) were observed in eight genes, respectively. The phylogenetic tree indicates that Helicana wuana is closely related to H. sheni.

Characterization of the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of Charybdis bimaculata and phylogenetic analysis.

In this study, the complete mitogenome of Charybdis bimaculata was sequenced and annotated. The mitogenome is 15,441 bp in length, containing 37 classical eukaryotic mitochondrial regions (13 typical protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 tRNA genes, two rRNA genes) and a non-coding control region. Most of the genes are initiated with ATA, ATG, and ATT, though GTG is also used as an initiation codon. Twelve PCGs stop with complete termination codon TAA and TAG, while Cob uses incomplete codon (T-). The phylogenetic relationships based on 13 PCGs show that C. bimaculata clusters closest to C. fariata and C. natator.

Permeability recovery of damaged water sensitive core using ultrasonic waves.

It is imperative to recover the well productivity lose due to formation damage nearby wellbore during variant well operations. Some indispensable issues in conventional techniques make ultrasonic technology more attractive due to simple, reliable, favorable, cost-effective, and environment friendly nature. This study proposes the independent and combined use of ultrasonic waves and chemical agents for the treatment of already damaged core samples caused by exposure to distilled water. Results elucidate that ultrasonic waves with optimum (20kHz, 1000W) instead of maximum frequency and power worked well in the recovery owing to peristaltic transport caused by matching of natural frequency with acoustic waves frequency. In addition, hundred minutes was investigated as optimum irradiation time which provided ample time span to detach fine loosely suspended particles. However, further irradiation adversely affected the damaged permeability recovery. Moreover, permeability improvement attributes to cavitation due to ultrasonic waves propagation through fluid contained in porous medium and thermal energy generated by three different ways. Eventually, experimental outcomes indicated that maximum (25.3%) damaged permeability recovery was witnessed by applying ultrasonic waves with transducer #2 (20kHz and 1000W) and optimum irradiation timeframe (100min). This recovery was further increased to 45.8% by applying chemical agent and optimum ultrasonic waves simultaneously.

Reconstruction of a digital core containing clay minerals based on a clustering algorithm.

It is difficult to obtain a core sample and information for digital core reconstruction of mature sandstone reservoirs around the world, especially for an unconsolidated sandstone reservoir. Meanwhile, reconstruction and division of clay minerals play a vital role in the reconstruction of the digital cores, although the two-dimensional data-based reconstruction methods are specifically applicable as the microstructure reservoir simulation methods for the sandstone reservoir. However, reconstruction of clay minerals is still challenging from a research viewpoint for the better reconstruction of various clay minerals in the digital cores. In the present work, the content of clay minerals was considered on the basis of two-dimensional information about the reservoir. After application of the hybrid method, and compared with the model reconstructed by the process-based method, the digital core containing clay clusters without the labels of the clusters' number, size, and texture were the output. The statistics and geometry of the reconstruction model were similar to the reference model. In addition, the Hoshen-Kopelman algorithm was used to label various connected unclassified clay clusters in the initial model and then the number and size of clay clusters were recorded. At the same time, the K-means clustering algorithm was applied to divide the labeled, large connecting clusters into smaller clusters on the basis of difference in the clusters' characteristics. According to the clay minerals' characteristics, such as types, textures, and distributions, the digital core containing clay minerals was reconstructed by means of the clustering algorithm and the clay clusters' structure judgment. The distributions and textures of the clay minerals of the digital core were reasonable. The clustering algorithm improved the digital core reconstruction and provided an alternative method for the simulation of different clay minerals in the digital cores.

A K(+)-mediated G-quadruplex formation enhancement fluorescence polarization system based on quantum dots for detection of Hg2+ and biothiols.

A fluorescence polarization homogenous system based on CdTe/CdS QDs that employed a K(+)-mediated G-quadruplex as an enhancer was identified for sensitive and selective detection of Hg(2+) and biothiols in complex samples.

DNAzyme self-assembled gold nanorods-based FRET or polarization assay for ultrasensitive and selective detection of copper(II) ion.

In the paper, we have constructed a very simple, sensitive and promising assay for fluorescence biosensor detection of Cu(2+) in aqueous solutions based on FRET between gold nanorods (AuNRs) and the 3'-TAMRA-labeled substrate strand (Sub) of DNAzyme. The fluorescence of the Sub is quenched when the substrate strand-DNAzyme strand (Sub-Enz) duplex is adsorbed on AuNRs surface through electrostatic interaction. In the presence of Cu(2+), the fluorescence is restored due to the decrease of FRET efficiency caused by the specific cleavage of the Sub by the DNAzyme (Enz), which weakens the electrostatic interaction between the AuNRs and short 3'-TAMRA-labeled DNA fragment. This method shows a high sensitivity for Cu(2+) with a detection limit of 9.83 pM (S/N=3) and a linear range from 0.016 nM to 40 nM. At the same time, Cu(2+) can be detected sensitively based on the significantly decreased Fluorescent polarization (FP). The detection limit of 8.40 pM is experimentally achieved for Cu(2+).

[Biomass and carbon storage of Phragmites australis and Spartina alterniflora in Jiuduan Shoal Wetland of Yangtze Estuary, East China].

By the methods of field survey and laboratory analysis, an investigation was conducted on the seasonal dynamics of biomass and carbon storage of Phragmites australis and Spartina alterniflora dominated vegetation belts in the Jiuduan Shoal Wetland of Yangtze Estuary, East China in 2010-2012. The organic carbon storage of the biomass (including aboveground part, underground part, and standing litter) of the two plants was the highest in autumn and the lowest in spring. The average carbon storage of the biomass of S. alterniflora per unit area (445.81 g x m(-2)) was much higher than that of P. australis (285.52 g x m(-2)), and the average carbon storage of the standing litter of S. alterniflora (315.28 g x m(-2)) was also higher than that of P. australia (203.15 g x m(-2)). However, the organic carbon storage in the surface soil (0-30 cm) under P. australis community (1048.62 g x m(-2)) was almost as twice times as that under S. alterniflora community (583.33 g x m(-2)). Overall, the carbon accumulation ability of P. australis community (3212.96 g x m(-2)) was stronger than that of the S. alterniflora community (2730.42 g x m(-2)). Therefore, it is of significance to protect the P. australis community in terms of carbon sequestration at the salt marsh.