Dermal white adipose tissue: Development and impact on hair follicles, skin defense, and fibrosis.

Dermal white adipose tissue (DWAT) is a distinctive adipose depot located within the lower dermis of the skin. Its significance as an ancillary fat in skin homoeostasis has recently received increased attention. New research has revealed that DWAT responses to skin pathology and physiology changes, impacting skin development, hair cycling, defense mechanisms, and fibrotic conditions. In this review, we explore the developmental process of DWAT and the adipose commitment timing of hypodermal. We explore the development process of DWAT and its pivotal role in regulating the hair cycle. We conclude the antibacterial activity and reversible dedifferentiation of dermal adipocytes in response to skin defense. Furthermore, we underscore the potentially crucial yet underestimated anti-fibrotic functions of DWAT-derived adipokines and adipocyte-myofibroblast transition.

Human TRUB1 is a highly conserved pseudouridine synthase responsible for the formation of Ψ55 in mitochondrial tRNAAsn, tRNAGln, tRNAGlu and tRNAPro.

Pseudouridine (Ψ) at position 55 in tRNAs plays an important role in their structure and function. This modification is catalyzed by TruB/Pus4/Cbf5 family of pseudouridine synthases in bacteria and yeast. However, the mechanism of TRUB family underlying the formation of Ψ55 in the mammalian tRNAs is largely unknown. In this report, the CMC/reverse transcription assays demonstrated the presence of Ψ55 in the human mitochondrial tRNAAsn, tRNAGln, tRNAGlu, tRNAPro, tRNAMet, tRNALeu(UUR) and tRNASer(UCN). TRUB1 knockout (KO) cell lines generated by CRISPR/Cas9 technology exhibited the loss of Ψ55 modification in mitochondrial tRNAAsn, tRNAGln, tRNAGlu and tRNAPro but did not affect other 18 mitochondrial tRNAs. An in vitro assay revealed that recombinant TRUB1 protein can catalyze the efficient formation of Ψ55 in tRNAAsn and tRNAGln, but not in tRNAMet and tRNAArg. Notably, the overexpression of TRUB1 cDNA reversed the deficient Ψ55 modifications in these tRNAs in TRUB1KO HeLa cells. TRUB1 deficiency affected the base-pairing (18A/G-Ψ55), conformation and stability but not aminoacylation capacity of these tRNAs. Furthermore, TRUB1 deficiency impacted mitochondrial translation and biogenesis of oxidative phosphorylation system. Our findings demonstrated that human TRUB1 is a highly conserved mitochondrial pseudouridine synthase responsible for the Ψ55 modification in the mitochondrial tRNAAsn, tRNAGln, tRNAGlu and tRNAPro.

Establishing an Evaluation Indicator System for User Satisfaction With Hypertension Management Apps: Combining User-Generated Content and Analytic Hierarchy Process.

BACKGROUND: Hypertension management apps (HMAs) can be effective in controlling blood pressure, but their actual impact is often suboptimal. Establishing a user satisfaction evaluation indicator system for HMAs can assist app developers in enhancing app design and functionality, while also helping users identify apps that best meet their needs. This approach aims to improve the overall effectiveness of app usage. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to systematically collect data on HMAs and their user reviews in the United States and China. It analyzes app usage patterns and functional characteristics, identifies factors influencing user satisfaction from existing research, and develops a satisfaction evaluation indicator system to provide more accurate recommendations for improving user satisfaction. METHODS: We conducted a descriptive statistical analysis to assess the development status of HMAs in both countries and applied the task-technology fit model to evaluate whether the app functionalities align with business needs. We separately summarized the factors influencing user satisfaction in both countries from previous research, utilized the analytic hierarchy process to develop an evaluation indicator system for HMA user satisfaction, and calculated satisfaction levels. Based on these findings, we propose improvements to enhance app functionality and user satisfaction. RESULTS: In terms of current development status, there were fewer HMAs and user reviews in China compared with the United States. Regarding app functional availability, fewer than 5% (4/91) of the apps achieved a demand fulfillment rate exceeding 80% (8/10). Overall, user satisfaction in both countries was low. CONCLUSIONS: In the United States, user satisfaction was lowest for advertising distribution, data synchronization, and reliability. By contrast, Chinese apps need improvements in cost efficiency and compatibility.

Correction of Infraorbital Dark Circles Using Autologous Adipose-Derived Collagen Filler: A Novel Regenerative Option.

BACKGROUND: Numerous intrinsic and extrinsic factors, notably the aging process, contribute to the development of infraorbital dark circles. These features, commonly associated with old age and fatigue, are caused by a disruption of dermal melanin and impairment of skin barrier function. Common aesthetic concerns affecting patients with infraorbital dark circles are primarily owing to lean and translucent lower eyelid skin overlying the orbicularis oculi muscle. This study aimed to present a novel technique for correcting infraorbital dark circles utilizing an adipose-derived extracellular matrix concentrate-adipose collagen fragment (ACF)-to correct infraorbital dark circles. METHODS: Female patients (n = 94) aged 20-38 who presented infraorbital dark circles were enrolled to assess the efficacy of this technique for an eight-month follow-up. Following intradermal injections with ACF filler, the clinical outcome was determined by responses to GAIS and patient satisfaction surveys. Statistical analysis was performed with the one-way ANOVA test, and a p value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Patients (n = 92) completed a single treatment session and underwent an eight-month follow-up. Eighty patients (86%) reported being "highly satisfied" or "satisfied" with the outcome and responded that the technique resulted in brighter, tighter, and smoother infraorbital skin. Over 97% of patients were rated as "improved," "much improved" and "Very much improved" throughout the follow-up on GAIS by three independent surgeons (p < 0.05). The statistical analyses demonstrated the percentage differences among groups are highly significant (p < 0.0001). No irregularity or lump was observed during the follow-up. Two patients were excluded from the study due to having undergone cosmetic eyelid surgery. CONCLUSION: Intradermal ACF filler represents a novel approach to addressing infraorbital dark circles and yields significantly high patient satisfaction. ACF fillers provide a degree of bio-stimulation, and adipose-derived concentrate is a natural filler with regenerative effects used in periorbital rejuvenation. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

Clinical and genetic analysis of essential hypertension with mitochondrial tRNAMet 4435A>G and YARS2 mutation. / 携带线粒体tRNAMet 4435A>Gå’Œæ ¸åŸºå› YARS2çªå˜çš„åŽŸå‘æ€§é«˜è¡€åŽ‹å®¶ç³»é—ä¼ å­¦åˆ†æž.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the role of m.4435A>G and YARS2 c.572G>T (p.G191V) mutations in the development of essential hypertension. METHODS: A hypertensive patient with m.4435A>G and YARS2 p.G191V mutations was identified from previously collected mitochondrial genome and exon sequencing data. Clinical data were collected, and a molecular genetic study was conducted in the proband and his family members. Peripheral venous blood was collected, and immortalized lymphocyte lines constructed. The mitochondrial transfer RNA (tRNA), mitochondrial protein, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the constructed lymphocyte cell lines were measured. RESULTS: Mitochondrial genome sequencing showed that all maternal members carried a highly conserved m.4435A>G mutation. The m.4435A>G mutation might affect the secondary structure and folding free energy of mitochondrial tRNA and change its stability, which may influence the anticodon ring structure. Compared with the control group, the cell lines carrying m.4435A>G and YARS2 p.G191V mutations had decreased mitochondrial tRNA homeostasis, mitochondrial protein expression, ATP production and MMP levels, as well as increased ROS levels (all P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The YARS2 p.G191V mutation aggravates the changes in mitochondrial translation and mitochondrial function caused by m.4435A>G through affecting the steady-state level of mitochondrial tRNA and further leads to cell dysfunction, indicating that YARS2 p.G191V and m.4435A>G mutations have a synergistic effect in this family and jointly participate in the occurrence and development of essential hypertension.

Macrophage-mediated extracellular matrix remodeling after fat grafting in nude mice.

Clinical unpredictability and variability following fat grafting remain non-negligible problems due to the unknown mechanism of grafted fat retention. The role of the extracellular matrix (ECM), which renders cells with structural and biochemical support, has been ignored. This study aimed to clarify the ECM remodeling process, related cellular events, and the spatiotemporal relationship between ECM remodeling and adipocyte survival and adipogenesis after fat grafting. Labeled Coleman fat by the matrix-tracing technique was grafted in nude mice. The ECM remodeling process and cellular events were assessed in vivo. The related cytokines were evaluated by qRT-PCR. An in vitro cell migration assay was performed to verify the chemotactic effect of M2-like macrophages on fibroblasts. The results demonstrated that in the periphery, most of the adipocytes of the graft survived or regenerated, and the graft-derived ECM was gradually replaced by the newly-formed ECM. In the central parts, most adipocytes in the grafts died shortly after, and a small part of the graft-derived and newly-formed ECM was expressed with irregular morphology. Adipose ECM remodeling is associated with increased infiltration of macrophages and fibroblasts, as well as up-regulated expression of cytokines in the adipose tissue. To sum up, our results describe the various preservation mode of fat grafts after transplantation and underscore the importance of macrophage-mediated ECM remodeling in graft preservation after fat grafting. The appreciation and manipulation of underlying mechanisms that are operant in this setting stand to explore new therapeutic approaches and improve clinical outcomes of fat grafting.

ATG16L1 negatively regulates MAVS-mediated antiviral signaling in black carp Mylopharyngodon piceus.

Autophagy related 16 like 1 (ATG16L1) is a crucial component of autophagy that regulates the formation of the autophagosome. In mammals, ATG16L1 also performs important roles in immunity, including controlling viral replication and regulating innate immune signaling; however, investigation on the role of piscine ATG16L1 in immunity is rare. In this report, the ATG16L1 homolog of black carp Mylopharyngodon piceus (bcATG16L1) was cloned and identified, and its negative regulatory role in mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS)-mediated antiviral signaling was described. The coding region of bcATG16L1 consists of 1830 nucleotides and encodes 609 amino acids, including one coiled-coil domain at the N-terminus, three low complexity region domains in the middle, and seven WD40 domains at the C-terminus. By immunofluorescence assay and immunoblotting, we found that bcATG16L1 is a cytosolic protein with a molecular weight of ∼74 kDa. In addition, over-expression of bcATG16L1 suppressed bcMAVS-mediated bcIFNa and DrIFNφ1 promoters transcriptional activity and inhibited bcMAVS-mediated antiviral activity. We further confirmed the co-localization of bcATG16L1 and bcMAVS by immunofluorescence assay and verified the protein interaction between bcATG16L1 and bcMAVS by immunoprecipitation assay. Our results report for the first time that black carp ATG16L1 suppresses MAVS-mediated antiviral signaling in teleost fish.

Mining electronic health records using artificial intelligence: Bibliometric and content analyses for current research status and product conversion.

BACKGROUND: The use of Electronic Health Records is the most important milestone in the digitization and intelligence of the entire medical industry. AI can effectively mine the immense medical information contained in EHRs, potentially assist doctors in reducing many medical errors. OBJECTIVE: This article aims to summarize the research status and trends in using AI to mine medical information from EHRs for the past thirteen years and investigate its information application. METHODS: A systematic search was carried out in 5 databases, including Web of Science Core Collection and PubMed, to identify research using AI to mine medical information from EHRs for the past thirteen years. Furthermore, bibliometric and content analysis were used to explore the research hotspots and trends, and systematically analyze the conversion rate of research resources in this field. RESULTS: A total of 631 articles were included and analyzed. The number of published articles has increased rapidly after 2017, with an average annual growth rate of 55.73%. The US (41.68%) and China (19.65%) publish the most articles, but there is a lack of international cooperation. The extraction of disease lesions is a hot topic at present, and the research topic is gradually shifting from disease risk grading to disease risk prediction. Classification (66%), and regress (15%) are the main implemented AI tasks. For AI algorithms, deep learning (31.70%), decision tree algorithms family (26.47%), and regression algorithms family (17.43%) are used most frequently. The funding rate for publications is 69.26%, and the input-output conversion rate is 21.05%. CONCLUSIONS: Over the past decade, the use of AI to mine medical information from EHRs has been developing rapidly. However, it is necessary to strengthen international cooperation, improve EHRs data availability, focus on interpretable AI algorithms, and improve the resource conversion rate in future research.

Clinical and genetic analysis of essential hypertension with CYB gene m.15024G>A mutation. / 携带CYB m.15024G>Açªå˜çš„åŽŸå‘æ€§é«˜è¡€åŽ‹å®¶ç³»é—ä¼ å­¦åˆ†æž.

OBJECTIVES: To explore the role of mitochondrial CYB 15024G>A mutation in the development of essential hypertension. METHODS: Mitochondrial genome sequences of hypertensive patients were obtained from previous studies. Clinical and genetic data of a hypertensive patient with mitochondrial CYB 15024G>A mutation and its pedigree were analyzed. Lymphocytes derived from patient and family members were transformed into immortalized lymphoblastoid cell lines, and the levels of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), mitochondrial membrane potential and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were detected. RESULTS: The penetrance of this essential hypertension family was 42.9%, and the age of onset was 46-68 years old. Mitochondrial genome sequencing results showed that all maternal members carried a highly conserved mitochondrial CYB 15024G>A mutation. This mutation could affect the free energy of mitochondrial CYB for secondary and tertiary structure and protein folding, thereby changing its structural stability and the structure of the electron transfer function area around the mutation site. Compared with the control, the cell line carrying the mitochondrial CYB 15024G>A mutation showed significantly decreased levels of mitochondrial CYB, ATP and mitochondrial membrane potential, and increased levels of ROS (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Mitochondrial CYB 15024G>A mutation may affect the structure of respiratory chain subunits and mitochondrial function, leading to cell dysfunction, which suggests that the mutation may play a synergistic role in essential hypertension.

Adipose Collagen Fragment: A Novel Adipose-Derived Extracellular Matrix Concentrate for Skin Filling.

BACKGROUND: Skin filler is an option for treating skin aging and wrinkles; however, currently used fillers are limited by poor biocompatibility, rapid degradation, and possible hypersensitivity reactions. Autologous adipose tissue-derived products have been recognized as promising options for skin rejuvenation. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to develop a novel adipose-derived product for skin filling. METHODS: Adipose collagen fragment (ACF) was prepared through pulverization, filtration, and centrifugation. The macrography, structure, types of collagen, and cell viability of ACF were evaluated by immunostaining, western blotting, and cell culture assays. ACF, nanofat, and phosphate-buffered saline (9 spots/side, 0.01 mL/spot) were intradermally injected in the dorsal skin of 36 female BALB/c nude mice; the skin filling capacity and the collagen remodeling process were then investigated. Twenty-one female patients with fine rhytides in the infraorbital areas were enrolled and received clinical applications of ACF treatment. Therapeutic effects and patients' satisfaction scores were recorded. RESULTS: The mean [standard deviation] yield of ACF from 50 mL of Coleman fat was 4.91 [0.25] mL. ACF contained nonviable cells and high levels of collagen I, collagen IV, and laminin. Fibroblasts and procollagen significantly increased in ACF and ACF-treated dermis (P < 0.05). Overall, 85.7% of patients were satisfied with the therapy results, and no infections, injection site nodules, or other unwanted side effects were observed. CONCLUSIONS: ACF significantly improved dermal thickness and collagen synthesis and may serve as a potential autologous skin filler.

Adipose Collagen Fragment: A Novel Adipose-Derived Extracellular Matrix Concentrate for Skin Filling.

BACKGROUND: Skin filler is an option for treating skin aging and wrinkles; however, currently used fillers are limited by poor biocompatibility, rapid degradation, and possible hypersensitivity reactions. Autologous adipose tissue-derived products have been recognized as promising options for skin rejuvenation. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to develop a novel adipose-derived product for skin filling. METHODS: Adipose collagen fragment (ACF) was prepared through pulverization, filtration, and centrifugation. The macrography, structure, types of collagen, and cell viability of ACF were evaluated by immunostaining, western blotting, and cell culture assays. ACF, nanofat, and phosphate-buffered saline (9 spots/side, 0.01 mL/spot) were intradermally injected in the dorsal skin of 36 female BALB/c nude mice; the skin filling capacity and the collagen remodeling process were then investigated. Twenty-one female patients with fine rhytides in the infraorbital areas were enrolled and received clinical applications of ACF treatment. Therapeutic effects and patients' satisfaction scores were recorded. RESULTS: The mean [standard deviation] yield of ACF from 50 mL of Coleman fat was 4.91 [0.25] mL. ACF contained nonviable cells and high levels of collagen I, collagen IV, and laminin. Fibroblasts and procollagen significantly increased in ACF and ACF-treated dermis (P < 0.05). Overall, 85.7% of patients were satisfied with the therapy results, and no infections, injection site nodules, or other unwanted side effects were observed. CONCLUSIONS: ACF significantly improved dermal thickness and collagen synthesis and may serve as a potential autologous skin filler.

Black carp IKKε collaborates with IRF3 in the antiviral signaling.

Interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) is activated by IκB kinase ε (IKKε) and Tank-binding kinase 1 (TBK1), which plays a crucial role in the interferon signaling in vertebrates. However, the regulation of teleost IRF3 by IKKε remains largely unknown. In this study, the IRF3 homologue (bcIRF3) of black carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus) has been cloned and characterized. The transcription of bcIRF3 was detected to increase in host cells in response to different stimuli. bcIRF3 distributed predominantly in the cytosolic area; however, translocated into nuclei after virus infection. bcIRF3 showed IFN-inducing ability in reporter assay and EPC cells expressing bcIRF3 showed enhanced antiviral ability against both grass carp reovirus (GCRV) and spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV). Moreover, knockdown of bcIRF3 reduced the antiviral ability of the host cells, and the transcription of antiviral-related cytokines was obviously lower in bcIRF3-deficient host cells than that of control cells. The data of reporter assay and plaque assay demonstrated that bcIKKε obviously enhanced bcIRF3-mediated IFN production and antiviral activity. Immunofluorescent staining and co-immunoprecipitation assay revealed that bcIKKε interacted with bcIRF3. It was interesting that the nuclear translocation of bcIRF3 and bcIKKε was enhanced by each other when these two molecules were co-expressed in the cells, however, the protein levels of bcIRF3 and bcIKKε were decreased mutually. Thus, our data support the conclusion that bcIKKε interacts with bcIRF3 and enhances bcIRF3-mediated antiviral signaling during host innate immune activation.

Optimized adipose tissue engineering strategy based on a neo-mechanical processing method.

Decellularized adipose tissue (DAT) represents a promising scaffold for adipose tissue engineering. However, the unique and prolonged lipid removal process required for adipose tissue can damage extracellular matrix (ECM) constituents. Moreover, inadequate vascularization limits the recellularization of DAT in vivo. We proposed a neo-mechanical protocol for rapidly breaking adipocytes and removing lipid content from adipose tissue. The lipid-depleted adipose tissue was then subjected to a fast and mild decellularization to fabricate high-quality DAT (M-DAT). Adipose liquid extract (ALE) derived from this mechanical process was collected and incorporated into M-DAT to further optimize in vivo recellularization. Ordinary DAT was fabricated and served as a control. This developed strategy was evaluated based on decellularization efficiency, ECM quality, and recellularization efficiency. Angiogenic factor components and angiogenic potential of ALE were evaluated in vivo and in vitro. M-DAT achieved the same decellularization efficiency, but exhibited better retention of ECM components and recellularization, compared with those with ordinary DAT. Protein quantification revealed considerable levels of angiogenic factors (basic fibroblast growth factor, epidermal growth factor, transforming growth factor-ß1, and vascular endothelial growth factor) in ALE. ALE promoted tube formation in vitro and induced intense angiogenesis in M-DAT in vivo; furthermore, higher expression of the adipogenic factor PPARγ and greater numbers of adipocytes were evident following ALE treatment, compared with those in the M-DAT group. Mechanical processing of adipose tissue led to the production of high-quality M-DAT and angiogenic factor-enriched ALE. The combination of ALE and M-DAT could be a promising strategy for engineered adipose tissue construction.

Extracellular matrix/stromal vascular fraction gel conditioned medium accelerates wound healing in a murine model.

Conditioned medium (CM) is a new treatment modality in regenerative medicine and has shown a successful outcome in wound healing. We recently introduced extracellular matrix/stromal vascular fraction gel (ECM/SVF-gel), an adipose-derived stem cell and adipose native extracellular matrix-enriched product for cytotherapy. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of CM from ECM/SVF-gel (Gel-CM) on wound healing compared with the conventional CM from adipose tissue (Adi-CM) and stem cell (SVF-CM). In vitro wound healing effect of three CMs on keratinocytes and fibroblasts was evaluated in terms of proliferation property, migratory property, and extracellular matrix production. In vivo, two full-thickness wounds were created on the back of each mice. The wounds were randomly divided to receive Gel-CM, Adi-CM, SVF-CM, and PBS injection. Histologic observations and collagen content of wound skin were made. Growth factors concentration in three CMs was further quantified. In vitro, Gel-CM promoted the proliferation and migration of keratinocytes and fibroblasts and enhanced collagen I synthesis in fibroblasts compared to Adi-CM and SVF-CM. In vivo, wound closure was faster, and dermal and epidermal regeneration was improved in the Gel-CM-treated mice compared to that in Adi-CM and SVF-CM-treated mice. Moreover, The growth factors concentration (i.e., vascular endothelial growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor, hepatocyte growth factor, and transforming growth factor-ß) in Gel-CM were significantly higher than those in Adi-CM and SVF-CM. Gel-CM generated under serum free conditions significantly enhanced wound healing effect compared to Adi-CM and SVF-CM by accelerating cell proliferation, migration, and production of ECM. This improved trophic effect may be attributed to the higher growth factors concentration in Gel-CM. Gel-CM shows potential as a novel and promising alternative to skin wound healing treatment. But limitations include the safety and immunogenicity studies of Gel-CM still remain to be clearly clarified and more data on mechanism study are needed.

Structural extracellular matrix-mediated molecular signaling in wound repair and tissue regeneration.

The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a complex, non-cellular network of molecules that offers structural support for cells and tissues. The ECM is composed of various structural components, including collagen, fibronectin, laminin, perlecan, nidogen, tenascin, and fibulin, which are capable of binding to each other and to cell-to-adhesion receptors, endowing the ECM with unique physical and biochemical properties that are essential for its function in maintaining health and managing disease. Over the past three decades, extensive research has shown that the core of the ECM can significantly impact cellular events at the molecular level. Structural modifications have also been strongly associated with tissue repair. Through interactions with cells, matrix proteins regulate critical processes such as cell proliferation and differentiation, migration, and apoptosis, essential for maintaining tissue homeostasis, formation, and regeneration. This review emphasizes the interlocking networks of ECM macromolecules and their primary roles in tissue regeneration and wound repair. Through studying ECM dynamics, researchers have discovered molecular signaling pathways that demonstrate how the ECM influences protein patterns and open up more possibilities for developing therapeutics that target the ECM to enhance wound repair and tissue regeneration.

The Current Status and Trends of Research Related to Vestibular Disorders, Vertigo, and Cognitive Impairment in the Elderly Population: A Bibliometric Analysis.

Background: The vestibular system not only supports reflex function at the brainstem level, but is also associated with higher levels of cognitive function. Vertigo due to vestibular disorders may lead to or be associated with cognitive dysfunction. Patients with deficits of both vestibular as well as cognitive function may be at particularly high risk for events like falls or certain diseases, such as Alzheimer's. Objective: To analyze the current state of research and trends in the global research literature regarding the correlation between vestibular disorders, vertigo, and cognitive impairment. Methods: We utilized Bibliometrix package to search databases including PubMed, Web of Science, etc for search terms. Results: Databases were searched up to December 15, 2022, and a total of 2222 publications were retrieved. Ultimately, 53 studies were included. A total of 261 authors published in 38 journals and conferences with an overall increasing annual growth rate of 6.94%. The most-published journal was Frontiers in Neurology. The most-published country was the United States, followed by Italy and Brazil. The most-published institution was Johns Hopkins University with a total of 13 articles. On performing trend analysis, we found that the most frequent focus of research in this field include the testing of vestibular perception, activation of the brain-related cortex, and the influence of stimulus-triggered vestibular snail reflex on visual space. The potential focal points are the risk of falling and the ability to extract spatial memory information, and the focus of research in recent decades has revolved around balance, falling, and Alzheimer's disease. Conclusions: Vestibular impairment in older adults affects cognitive function, particularly immediate memory, visuospatial cognition, and attention, with spatial cognition being the most significantly affected. In the future, virtual reality-based vestibular rehabilitation techniques and caloric stimulation could be potential interventions for the treatment of cognitive impairment.

Deficient tRNA posttranscription modification dysregulated the mitochondrial quality controls and apoptosis.

Mitochondria are dynamic organelles in cellular metabolism and physiology. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations are associated with a broad spectrum of clinical abnormalities. However, mechanisms underlying mtDNA mutations regulate intracellular signaling related to the mitochondrial and cellular integrity are less explored. Here, we demonstrated that mt-tRNAMet 4435A>G mutation-induced nucleotide modification deficiency dysregulated the expression of nuclear genes involved in cytosolic proteins involved in oxidative phosphorylation system (OXPHOS) and impaired the assemble and integrity of OXPHOS complexes. These dysfunctions caused mitochondrial dynamic imbalance, thereby increasing fission and decreasing fusion. Excessive fission impaired the process of autophagy including initiation phase, formation, and maturation of autophagosome. Strikingly, the m.4435A>G mutation upregulated the PARKIN dependent mitophagy pathways but downregulated the ubiquitination-independent mitophagy. These alterations promoted intrinsic apoptotic process for the removal of damaged cells. Our findings provide new insights into mechanism underlying deficient tRNA posttranscription modification regulated intracellular signaling related to the mitochondrial and cellular integrity.

Adipose Component Transplantation: An Advanced Fat-Grafting Strategy for Facial Rejuvenation.

BACKGROUND: Autologous fat grafting is frequently used for volume augmentation and tissue regeneration. The uniform physical and biological characteristics of fat grafts, however, limit their optimal effects in various situations. Subjecting fat tissue to different mechanical processes results in adipose-derived products with distinct biological components and physical features. The present study describes a novel facial fat-grafting strategy, adipose component transplantation (ACT), that yields different adipose products that can be applied to specific injection sites. METHODS: All patients who underwent ACT were evaluated retrospectively. Fat tissue samples were fractionated into high-density fat, adipose matrix complex, stromal vascular fraction gel, and adipose collagen fragment, as described. Each of these fractions was processed and injected into indicated recipient sites. Additional SVF gel was cryopreserved and, if necessary, injected during the following 3 months. Patients were followed up after 1, 2, 3, and 6 months, and annually thereafter. RESULTS: From March of 2020 to September of 2021, 78 patients underwent whole face fat grafting using the ACT strategy. All operations and secondary injections of cryopreserved SVF gel were uneventful. There were no major complications, and final aesthetic results were satisfactory in 91% of patients. CONCLUSIONS: The ACT strategy allows specific adipose products to be applied to specific injection sites, as warranted. Adipose matrix complex is indicated for sufficient rigid support, high-density fat when large volumes are required, SVF gel for precise injection and cryopreservation, and ACF as mesotherapy for skin rejuvenation. The ACT strategy optimizes the biological functions and physical features of different adipose-derived products. CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic, IV.

Mining User Reviews From Hypertension Management Mobile Health Apps to Explore Factors Influencing User Satisfaction and Their Asymmetry: Comparative Study.

BACKGROUND: Hypertension significantly impacts the well-being and health of individuals globally. Hypertension management apps (HMAs) have been shown to assist patients in controlling blood pressure (BP), with their efficacy validated in clinical trials. However, the utilization of HMAs continues to be suboptimal. Presently, there is a dearth of real-world research based on big data and exploratory mining that compares Chinese and American HMAs. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to systematically gather HMAs and their user reviews from both China and the United States. Subsequently, using data mining techniques, the study aims to compare the user experience, satisfaction levels, influencing factors, and asymmetry between Chinese and American users of HMAs. In addition, the study seeks to assess the disparities in satisfaction and its determinants while delving into the asymmetry of these factors. METHODS: The study sourced HMAs and user reviews from 10 prominent Chinese and American app stores globally. Using the latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) topic model, the research identified various topics within user reviews. Subsequently, the Tobit model was used to investigate the impact and distinctions of each topic on user satisfaction. The Wald test was applied to analyze differences in effects across various factors. RESULTS: We examined a total of 261 HMAs along with their associated user reviews, amounting to 116,686 reviews in total. In terms of quantity and overall satisfaction levels, Chinese HMAs (n=91) and corresponding reviews (n=16,561) were notably fewer compared with their American counterparts (n=220 HMAs and n=100,125 reviews). The overall satisfaction rate among HMA users was 75.22% (87,773/116,686), with Chinese HMAs demonstrating a higher satisfaction rate (13,866/16,561, 83.73%) compared with that for American HMAs (73,907/100,125, 73.81%). Chinese users primarily focus on reliability (2165/16,561, 13.07%) and measurement accuracy (2091/16,561, 12.63%) when considering HMAs, whereas American users prioritize BP tracking (17,285/100,125, 17.26%) and data synchronization (12,837/100,125, 12.82%). Seven factors (easy to use: P<.001; measurement accuracy: P<.001; compatibility: P<.001; cost: P<.001; heart rate detection function: P=.02; blood pressure tracking function: P<.001; and interface design: P=.01) significantly influenced the positive deviation (PD) of Chinese HMA user satisfaction, while 8 factors (easy to use: P<.001; reliability: P<.001; measurement accuracy: P<.001; compatibility: P<.001; cost: P<.001; interface design: P<.001; real-time: P<.001; and data privacy: P=.001) affected the negative deviation (ND). Notably, BP tracking had the greatest effect on PD (ß=.354, P<.001), while cost had the most significant impact on ND (ß=3.703, P<.001). All 12 factors (easy to use: P<.001; blood pressure tracking function: P<.001; data synchronization: P<.001; blood pressure management effect: P<.001; heart rate detection function: P<.001; data sharing: P<.001; reliability: P<.001; compatibility: P<.001; interface design: P<.001; advertisement distribution: P<.001; measurement accuracy: P<.001; and cost: P<.001) significantly influenced the PD and ND of American HMA user satisfaction. Notably, BP tracking had the greatest effect on PD (ß=0.312, P<.001), while data synchronization had the most significant impact on ND (ß=2.662, P<.001). In addition, the influencing factors of PD and ND in user satisfaction of HMA in China and the United States are different. CONCLUSIONS: User satisfaction factors varied significantly between different countries, showing considerable asymmetry. For Chinese HMA users, ease of use and interface design emerged as motivational factors, while factors such as cost, measurement accuracy, and compatibility primarily contributed to user dissatisfaction. For American HMA users, motivational factors were ease of use, BP tracking, BP management effect, interface design, measurement accuracy, and cost. Moreover, users expect features such as data sharing, synchronization, software reliability, compatibility, heart rate detection, and nonintrusive advertisement distribution. Tailored experience plans should be devised for different user groups in various countries to address these diverse preferences and requirements.

Erythrocyte Membrane Coating Alleviate Immune Response and Promoted Adipogenesis in Adipose Matrix.

Xenotransplantation of acellular adipose matrix (AAM) has come to prominence as an intriguing option for soft tissue reconstruction. However, the presence of immunogenic antigens within AAM can trigger unfavorable immune reactions, leading to inadequate in vivo regeneration outcomes. Therefore, the development of advanced technology capable of modulating immune responses is crucial for the therapeutic implementation of AAM xenografts. In this work, an innovative technique is created to bypass the immune system by covering the surface of both AAM and Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) peptide-modified AAM xenografts with autologous red blood cell (RBC) membrane. The RBC membrane coating remained persistent and exhibited no significant decline even after 21 days. Moreover, it effectively reduced the expression of antigen major histocompatibility complex class 1 (MHC1) on the AAM surface. Following xenogeneic transplantation, the RBC-coated xenografts demonstrated increased expression of the adipogenic factor PPAR-γ, Adipoq, Fabp4, Fasn, and Plin1 and higher numbers of adipocytes. In addition, they exhibited decreased expression of immunological factors, including IL-6, IL-2, IFN-γ, and TNF-α, and fewer inflammatory cells. These findings indicate that RBC membrane coating successfully suppressed immune responses and promoted increased adipogenesis in AAM xenografts. Therefore, AAM camouflage coating with RBC has a lot of potential as a biomaterial for soft tissue reconstruction in clinical settings.