Botulinum Toxin Type-A for the Treatment of Excessive Gingival Display on Smiling.

AIM AND OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of botulinum toxin type-A (BTX-A) in reducing gummy smile. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was an interventional case series conducted at a tertiary care setting in Mangaluru, Karnataka, India. Twenty patients with the gingival display of >3 mm were selected through convenience sampling technique. 2.5 units of BTX-A were injected under sterile conditions on either side of the face. The effect of the injection on gingival display was measured at the interval of 2, 4, 12, and 24 weeks. At the end of the treatment, the patient was asked to smile and was photographed and was compared to pretreatment photo. Repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to detect the change at each interval and intergroup comparisons were performed using post hoc Bonferroni test. RESULTS: The mean gingival exposure reduction from 4.93 to 3.705 mm at week 2. At the end of 24 weeks, the evaluation showed the mean gingival display of 4.755 mm on administration of 2.5 units on either side. The photographs also showed the change in smile at the end of the treatment. CONCLUSION: From the study, it was inferred that botulinum toxin was effective in eliminating gummy smile along with noticeable decrease in the nasolabial fold despite for the effect lasting only about 24 weeks. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: A nonsurgical method of correction of gummy smiles when compared to surgical intervention is readily accepted by patients. Botulinum toxin type-A for gummy smiles is an effective, conservative, and satisfactory technique.

Evaluation of the Effect of Extraction and Restorative Procedures on Blood Pressure and Pulse Rate Due to Anxiety in 6- to 12-Year-Old Children: An In Vivo Study.

BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to determine the changes in the cardiovascular parameters, blood pressure, and pulse rate due to anxiety in children undergoing dental extraction and restorative treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 150 children were included in the study based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The parameters were measured at four and three intervals for the extraction and restorative group, respectively. The obtained data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance test. RESULTS: In the extraction group, the change in blood pressure in female children (144 mm Hg) was significant compare to male children (141 mm Hg). In the restoration group, the change in blood pressure in male children (140/84 mm Hg) was found to be statistically more significant when compared to female children (139/85 mm Hg). The pulse rate change in both sexes was equally significant in restorative and extraction group. CONCLUSION: It can be inferred that pain and fear anxiety play important roles in the cardiovascular changes during dental treatment because there was significant change in blood pressure and pulse rate over time during dental treatment.

A new system for assessment of growth using mandibular canine calcification stages and its correlation with modified MP3 stages.

OBJECTIVE: Orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning for growing children must involve growth prediction, especially in the treatment of skeletal problems. Studies have shown that a strong association exists between skeletal maturity and dental calcification stages. The present study was therefore taken up to provide a simple and practical method for assessing skeletal maturity using a dental periapical film and standard dental X-ray machine, to compare the developmental stages of the mandibular canine with that of developmental stages of modified MP3 and to find out if any correlation exists, to determine if the developmental stages of the mandibular canine alone can be used as a reliable indicator for assessment of skeletal maturity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 160 periapical radiographs, of the mandibular right canine and the MP3 region was taken and assessed according to the Dermirjian's stages of dental calcification and the modified MP3 stages. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The correlation coefficient between MP3 stages and developmental stages of mandibular canine was found to be significant in both male and female groups. When the canine calcification stages were compared with the MP3 stages it was found that with the exception of the D stage of canine calcification the remaining stages showed a very high correlation with the modified MP3 stages. CONCLUSION: The correlation between the mandibular canine calcification stages, and the MP3 stages was found to be significant. The canine calcification could be used as a sole indicator for assessment of skeletal maturity.

Internal and external root resorption management: a report of two cases.

The response of the dentoalveolar apparatus to infection is characterized by inflammation which may result in tooth resorption. Depending upon the type of resorption and etiology, different treatment regimens have been proposed. The following two cases demonstrate internal and external inflammatory root resorption arrest by conventional nonsurgical endodontic therapy combined with calcium hydroxide-iodoform dressing, mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and flowable gutta-percha system.The patient has been regularly recalled every 6 months and radiographically the apical lesion showed signs of healing and arrest of root resorption after 1 year and 6 months. How to cite this article: Hegde N, Hegde MN. Internal and External Root Resorption Management: A Report of Two Cases. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2013;6(1):44-47.