RESUMO
Giant polyoxometalates with catalytic, magnetic, and antiviral properties, which are in part attributable to their structures, are currently of great interest. Herein is described the synthesis and characterization of 1, a structurally novel tetrameric complex from Keggin ions (see picture). This complex is stable under the physiological conditions of the stomach (pH 1-2), which is interesting since related keggin anions are among the least toxic and yet most potent antiviral agents of the more than 300 polyoxometalates investigated biologically and pharmacologically.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To determine associations between sicca symptoms, chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) symptoms and asthma in a community survey. METHODS: Data was obtained from the Spring 2009 South Australian Health Omnibus Survey which sampled, via interviewer administered questionnaire, 3007 individuals aged 15 years and over whose socio-demographic distribution corresponded to South Australian population estimates. Respondents were asked a range of questions relating to the presence of persistent dry eyes or dry mouth, CRS and medically diagnosed nasal polyps and asthma. Relationships between symptoms were explored using maximum likelihood dependency tree analysis. RESULTS: THE RESPECTIVE POPULATION PREVALENCES WERE: dry mouth (5.9%), dry eyes (8.6%), nasal polyps (3.8%), CRS (13.2%) and asthma (12.0%). The overall prevalence of sicca symptoms (dry eyes or dry mouth) was 12.4%. Dependency tree analysis revealed the expected symptom clustering between (1) sicca symptoms and their association with female gender and increasing age and (2) CRS, nasal polyps and asthma (one airway hypothesis). However there was also an association between dry eyes and CRS (OR 2.5, 95% CI 1.9, 3.4), which was in fact stronger than the association between CRS and asthma (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.4, 2.5). CONCLUSIONS: Sicca symptoms are common in the community. Our novel finding of a strong association between dry eyes and CRS suggests that further research into the relationship between airway inflammation and sicca symptoms is required. These findings may have particular relevance to Sjögren's syndrome (SS) in both its primary and secondary forms.