The Effect of Stoma Site Marking on Stomal Complications: A Long-term Retrospective Study.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the effect of stoma site marking on stoma-related complications. METHODS: The study sample included 639 individuals with stomas who were followed up in a stomatherapy unit in Turkey between January 1, 2017, and June 20, 2021. Researchers collected patient data from nursing records. Data were evaluated using number, percentage, χ2, and logistic regression tests. RESULTS: Of the individuals with stomas, 60.6% (n = 387) were men, and 72.6% (n = 464) had a cancer diagnosis. Their mean age was 60.16 (SD, 14.81) years. The stoma site was marked preoperatively in of 67.1% of patients (n = 429), and 17.1% (n = 109) developed stoma-related complications. The complication rate was higher in individuals with unmarked stoma sites (25.7%; P = .000), emergency surgeries (25.0%; P = .006), colostomies (23.9%; P = .042), and permanent stomas (28.3%; P = .002). The three most common complications were peristomal skin problems (56.9%), mucocutaneous separation (13.8%), and edema (9.2%). CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of stoma-related complications in the postoperative period was higher in individuals with unmarked stoma sites. The authors recommend that stoma and wound care nurses mark the stoma site in individuals for whom stoma creation is planned.

Changes in the Lives of Individuals with a Stoma and Their Spouses: A Qualitative Study.

OBJECTIVE: Individuals with a stoma and their spouses experience various changes with regard to their new life situation. The authors aimed to determine the changes caused by stoma creation in the lives of individuals with a stoma and their spouses. METHODS: This study was carried out with individuals with a stoma (n = 15) and their spouses (n = 15) in a stoma therapy unit. Semistructured interviews were digitally audio recorded and transcribed. Inductive reasoning was used in the analysis of the qualitative data. RESULTS: As a result of the data obtained from in-depth interviews, the authors identified three contexts, nine themes, and many subthemes (49 subthemes for individuals with a stoma and 30 subthemes for spouses). Most subthemes were expressed by both the individual with a stoma and his/her partner, showing that the feelings, thoughts, and difficulties experienced were often shared between spouses. CONCLUSIONS: Ostomies change the lives of individuals and their spouses. These changes have mostly negative biopsychosocial effects. However, after stoma surgery, spouses strengthen their commitment to each other and better understand the value of being healthy.

A Prospective, Multicentered Study to Assess Social Adjustment in Patients With an Intestinal Stoma in Turkey.

Patients with a stoma undergo physiological, psychological, and social adjustment to their new life situation. A descriptive, prospective study was conducted to assess adaptation among patients >18 years of age with a new temporary or permanent colostomy or ileostomy living in Turkey and receiving care at a participating stomatherapy unit. The study took place between September 1, 2011, and September 1, 2012. During hospitalization and following discharge, patients with a stoma received training and counseling according to their individual characteristics and their physiological, psychological, and social needs. Each participant completed the 19-item "Identification Form for Patients with a Stoma" at the beginning of the study to document sociodemographic and stoma characteristics. To assess adjustment to the stoma, The Ostomy Assessment Inventory (OAI-23) was administered 2 times - the first within 1 month and the second within 6 months after surgery or when a temporary stoma was closed (whichever came first). This instrument comprised 23 items regarding adaptation to the stoma using Likert-type response options (0-4 range). Total scores ranged from 10 to 92, with higher scores indicating better adjustment. The instruments were completed by stoma and wound care nurses during face-to-face interviews. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney, and Wilcoxon tests. Of the 135 participants, the majority (77, 57.0%) were male; 73 (54.1%) had a colostomy, and 106 (78.5%) had a temporary stoma. The primary reason for stoma creation was cancer (89, 65.9%). Mean total OAI-23 scores were 48.63 ± 13.75 at the first administration and 50.59 ± 13.89 for the second. In terms of sociodemographic factors, significant increases in mean scores from the first to the second survey time were noted among patients in the 50-69 age group, women, married persons, and unemployed persons (P less than 0.05). With regard to stoma characteristics, the OAI-23 scores of patients with planned stoma operations and persons with permanent stomas increased significantly (P less than 0.05) between assessments. Significant increases in OAI-23 scores also were noted among persons who did not receive information before the operation, patients whose stoma site was not marked, and patients who had experienced a complication (P less than 0.05). Postoperatively, it is important to consider sociodemographic and stoma characteristics as well as preoperative variables that may influence adaptation to stoma. Additional larger, multicentered studies with extended patient follow-up are warranted.

A multicenter, retrospective study to evaluate the effect of preoperative stoma site marking on stomal and peristomal complications.

Even though preoperative marking of the stoma area is considered important for the prevention of postoperative complications, not all healthcare institutions have universally adopted this practice. A multicenter, retrospective, descriptive study was conducted to determine the effect of stoma site marking on stomal and peristomal complications. The 1-year study included 748 patients (408 [54.5%] male, mean age 56.60 ± 16.73 years) from eight stomatherapy units in Turkey. Patient data, including age, gender, diagnosis, type of surgery, history of preoperative stoma site marking, person performing the marking, and postoperative complications, were obtained from patient records, abstracted, and analyzed. Cancer was the reason for the operation in 545 (72.9%) of the cases. In 287 patients (38.4%), the stoma and wound care nurse and/or surgeon marked the stoma area; this occurred 1 day before or on the day of surgery according to Wound Ostomy Continence Nurses Society and American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons recommendations. Stomal/ peristomal complications developed in 248 (33.2%) persons; the most frequently observed complications in patients were parastomal skin problems (136, 48.7%), mucocutaneous separation (52, 18.6%), and retraction (31, 11.1%). The rate of complications was higher among patients whose stoma site was not marked than among those whose stoma site was marked (22.9% and 46%, respectively; P <0.001). The results of this study confirm the stoma area should be marked preoperatively in all planned surgical interventions in order to reduce the risk of postoperative complications. Additional prospective and experimental studies on effectiveness of preoperative stoma site marking should be conducted with larger sample groups.