RESUMO
Resumen Introducción: La melina (Gmelina arborea), es una especie de gran interés por su madera y propiedades medicinales. En Costa Rica, existen clones genéticamente superiores que se propagan sin el conocimiento de la edad ontogénica y fisiológica de los materiales. Objetivo: Evaluar la relación del contenido de fenoles y ligninas en hojas, peciolos, tallos y raíces de plantas con diferentes edades. Métodos: Los contenidos de fenoles y ligninas totales se determinaron mediante el método colorimétrico de Folin-Ciocalteu y el método de extracción alcalina, respectivamente. Para la investigación se eligieron plantas in vitro "año cero" y árboles de año y medio, cuatro, siete y 20 años. El muestreo se realizó en marzo y abril del 2021. Resultados: Se demostró que todas las partes de la planta analizadas contienen compuestos fenólicos y ligninas, independientemente de su edad. No hubo una correlación positiva entre la edad con el contenido de fenoles y ligninas para ninguna condición de desarrollo, pues los valores más altos no se obtuvieron en los árboles más longevos. Los extractos de hojas de las plantas in vitro y los árboles de siete años mostraron, respectivamente, los contenidos más altos de fenoles y ligninas para todas las condiciones (P < 0.05). Los valores promedio más bajos de compuestos fenólicos para todas las condiciones se obtuvieron en los árboles de cuatro años. Respecto a las ligninas, el contenido más bajo se presentó en las raíces más longevas, aunque la tendencia no se mantuvo para el resto de las partes de la planta. Conclusiones: La investigación muestra los primeros resultados del contenido de compuestos fenólicos y ligninas presentes en diferentes tejidos de una especie forestal de edades diferentes. Por lo tanto, son los primeros valores de referencia acerca del compromiso bioquímico para la síntesis fenólica según la edad y el estado de desarrollo específico de una planta leñosa.
Abstract Introduction: Melina (Gmelina arborea) is a tree species of great interest for its wood and medicinal properties. In Costa Rica, there are genetically superior clones that are propagated without knowledge of the ontogenic and physiological age of the materials. Objective: To evaluate how age influences the content of phenols and lignins in leaves, petioles, stems, and roots of melina plants. Methods: The total phenolic and lignins contents were determined using Folin-Ciocalteu colorimetric method and alkaline extraction method, respectively. Plants of five different ages were chosen for the investigation (in vitro plants "year 0" and trees of a year and a half, four, seven and 20 years). Sampling was done in March and April 2021. Results: All parts of the plant analyzed contain phenolic compounds and lignins, regardless of their age. There was no positive correlation between age and phenol and lignin content for any development condition, since the highest values were not obtained in the oldest trees. Leaf extracts from in vitro plants and seven-year-old trees showed, respectively, the highest phenol and lignin contents for all conditions (P < 0.05). The lowest average values of phenolic compounds for all conditions were obtained in four-year-old trees. Regarding lignins, the lowest content occurred in the oldest roots, although the trend was not maintained for the rest of the plant parts. Conclusions: This study provides the first results of the content of phenolic compounds and lignins present in different tissues of a forest species of different ages. Therefore, they are the first reference values about the biochemical commitment for phenolic synthesis according to the age and the specific developmental stage of a woody plant.
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In this work, it was achieved to establish in vitro shoots of Cryptomeria japonica from 20 year old trees. The shoots were disinfected and treated with six different concentrations of kinetin and belciladenine in order to induce their development and budding. It was evaluated the effect of quality and lighting intensity on these using for this orange light at 20 microEs-1 m-2 and white light at 30 microEs-1 m-2. For shoots rooting it was used different concentrations of NAA (naftalen acetic acid) and IBA (indolbutiric acid) alone or combined. BA and KIN induced the bud formation in Cryptomeria but it was observed the best budding with BA at 9.1 microM. White light and orange light promoved the growth of explants as well as the growth of new buds but it was higher with orange light. The bud rooting was observed but it was not possible to find the best auxin concentration for rooting because of the plentiful callus formation on the base of explants and the root formation was very sporadic. The rooted shoots were placed on a substrate for their acclimation in greenhouse conditions.
Assuntos
Adenina/farmacologia , Cryptomeria/efeitos dos fármacos , Reguladores de Crescimento de Plantas/farmacologia , Adenina/análogos & derivados , Cryptomeria/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Técnicas de Cultura/métodos , Cinetina , Raízes de Plantas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Brotos de Planta/crescimento & desenvolvimentoRESUMO
El objetivo de esta investigación fue lograr el establecimiento in vitro de la especie Terminalia amazonia y Vochysia allenii debido a la dificultad de propagarlas sexual y asexualmente con técnicas convencionales. Se logró establecer segmentos nodales de ambas especies en condiciones in vitro empleando el HgCl2 0,1 % con un tiempo de exposición de 5 minutos. El mejor medio de cultivo para nudos fue el WPM 100 % de sales para T.amazonia y para V. allenii fue el WPM 50 % de sales. Después de 28 días de cultivo se obtuvo un 42 % de nudos establecidos para T. amazonia y 10% para V. allenii. En ambas especies se evaluó el efecto sobre la brotación de cinco concentraciones de 6-bencilaminopurina (6-BAP) (0,0; 2.22, 4.44, 6.66, 8.88 μM L-1) y cinco de tidiazuron (TDZ) (0,0; 0.22, 0.45, 0.68, 0.90 μM L-1). Se obtuvó en promedio un brote por explante en los cinco tratamientos de BAP y TDZ utilizados.
The objective of this research was to achieve the in vitro establishment of the species Terminalia amazonia and Vochysia allenii due to the difficulty propagate sexually and asexually with conventional techniques. It was possible to establish the nodal segments of both species in in vitro conditions using 0.1 % HgCl2 with an exposure time of 5 minutes. The best nodal culture medium was 100 % WPM salts in T. amazonia and V. allenii was WPM 50% salts. After 28 days of culture 42 % of nodal segments to T. amazonia and V. allenii 10% was obtained. In both species, the effect on sprouting of five concentrations of 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BAP) (0.0, 2.22, 4.44, 6.66, 8.88 μM L-1) and five thidiazuron (TDZ) (0.0, 0.22, 0.45, 0.68, 0.90 μM L-1) was evaluated. Outbreak was scored on average per explant in the five treatments of BAP and TDZ used.
RESUMO
In this work, it was achieved to establish in vitro shoots of Cryptomeria japonica from 20 year old trees. The shoots were disinfected and treated with six different concentrations of kinetin and belciladenine in order to induce their development and budding. It was evaluated the effect of quality and lighting intensity on these using for this orange light at 20 microEs-1 m-2 and white light at 30 microEs-1 m-2. For shoots rooting it was used different concentrations of NAA (naftalen acetic acid) and IBA (indolbutiric acid) alone or combined. BA and KIN induced the bud formation in Cryptomeria but it was observed the best budding with BA at 9.1 microM. White light and orange light promoved the growth of explants as well as the growth of new buds but it was higher with orange light. The bud rooting was observed but it was not possible to find the best auxin concentration for rooting because of the plentiful callus formation on the base of explants and the root formation was very sporadic. The rooted shoots were placed on a substrate for their acclimation in greenhouse conditions.