RESUMO
Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma (IVLBCL) is a rare subtype of extranodal large B-cell lymphoma characterized by the growth of lymphoma cells only within the lumina of small vessels in various organs. IVLBCL is an intractable hematological disease, in particular, the high incidence of central nervous system (CNS) involvement is one of the causes of the poor prognosis of IVLBCL. Autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) is an effective therapeutic option for refractory or high-risk aggressive lymphoma. However, it is unknown whether ASCT is an effective treatment for CNS involvement of aggressive lymphoma including IVLBCL. We show a case of a 39-year-old woman with recurrent CNS involvement of IVLBCL receiving autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (auto-PBSCT) preconditioned with high-dose thiotepa, busulfan, cyclophosphamide (TBC regimen). Culture-negative febrile neutropenia developed requiring antimicrobial therapy, but nonhematological adverse effects including stomatitis and neurotoxicity, with grade ≥ 3, were not observed. The patient achieved and has maintained complete remission (CR) for 24 months after TBC/auto-PBSCT and has survived for around 30 months from the diagnosis of the CNS recurrence. The clinical course of this case suggests that auto-PBSCT preconditioned with TBC could be one of the therapeutic options for the treatment of CNS involvement of IVLBCL.