RESUMO
The cryptolactones A1, A2, B1, and B2 isolated from a Cryptomyzus sp. aphid were synthesized via the Mukaiyama aldol reaction and olefin metathesis. Their antipodes and derivatives were also synthesized by the same strategy to investigate structure-activity relationships. These compounds exhibited cytotoxic activity against human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells with IC50 values of 2.1-42 µM.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Afídeos/química , Lactonas/farmacologia , Animais , Antineoplásicos/síntese química , Antineoplásicos/química , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Ensaios de Seleção de Medicamentos Antitumorais , Células HL-60 , Humanos , Lactonas/síntese química , Lactonas/química , Estrutura Molecular , Estereoisomerismo , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
The cryptolactones A1, A2, B1, and B2, which are α,ß-unsaturated δ-lactones, were isolated from a Cryptomyzus sp. aphid. The structures were established by 1-D and 2-D NMR spectra and CI-HRMS. Their absolute configurations were determined with the Kusumi-Mosher method, combined with asymmetric total syntheses. The syntheses were accomplished with the Mukaiyama aldol reaction and olefin metathesis, which utilized the second-generation Grubbs catalyst for the key steps. These compounds exhibited cytotoxic activity against human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells with IC50 values of 0.97-5.3 µM.
Assuntos
Alcenos/química , Antineoplásicos , Lactonas , Aldeídos/química , Animais , Antineoplásicos/síntese química , Antineoplásicos/química , Antineoplásicos/isolamento & purificação , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Afídeos , Catálise , Células HL-60 , Humanos , Japão , Lactonas/síntese química , Lactonas/química , Lactonas/isolamento & purificação , Lactonas/farmacologia , Estrutura Molecular , Ressonância Magnética Nuclear Biomolecular , EstereoisomerismoRESUMO
A green pigment, viridaphin A1 glucoside (1), was isolated from the green aphid Megoura crassicauda. One- and two-dimensional NMR spectrometric analyses of 1 and its aglycone established the structure as an octacyclic compound. Viridaphin A1 glucoside exhibited cytotoxicity against HL-60 human tumor cells with an IC50 of 23 µM and antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis NBRC 3134 with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 10.0 µg/mL. These results suggested that aphid pigments may protect aphids from invasive species, including viruses and bacteria.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/isolamento & purificação , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos/isolamento & purificação , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Afídeos/química , Glucosídeos/isolamento & purificação , Glucosídeos/farmacologia , Pigmentos Biológicos/isolamento & purificação , Pigmentos Biológicos/farmacologia , Animais , Antibacterianos/química , Antineoplásicos/química , Afídeos/fisiologia , Ensaios de Seleção de Medicamentos Antitumorais , Glucosídeos/química , Células HL-60 , Humanos , Concentração Inibidora 50 , Japão , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Ressonância Magnética Nuclear Biomolecular , Pigmentos Biológicos/químicaRESUMO
Four red polyketide pigments, uroleuconaphins A1 (1) and B1 (2) and their glucosides 3 and 4, were isolated from the red goldenrod aphid Uroleucon nigrotuberculatum. Although these red pigments exist only as glucosides 3 and 4 in the intact insect body, 3 and 4 convert instantly to aglycones 1 and 2 at death. Pigments 1 and 2 inhibited the growth of Lecanicillium sp. (Ascomycota: Cordycipitaceae) and 1, 2, and 3 were active against Conidiobolus obscurus (Entomophthoromycota; Entomophthorales); these fungal species are pathogenic. We therefore regard aphid pigments 1-4 as chemopreventive agents that aid in the resistance of infection by entomopathogenic fungi at the level of the individual aphid and/or at the species level.
Assuntos
Antifúngicos/química , Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Afídeos/química , Afídeos/microbiologia , Fungos/efeitos dos fármacos , Micoses/microbiologia , Micoses/prevenção & controle , Policetídeos/química , Policetídeos/farmacologia , Animais , Ascomicetos/efeitos dos fármacos , Fungos/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Glucosídeos/química , Hypocreales , Açúcares/químicaRESUMO
(+)-Antimycin A9 (AA9) isolated from a cultured broth of Streptomyces sp. K01-0031 was synthesized via an asymmetric aldol reaction using Oppolzer's sultam as a chiral auxiliary.
Assuntos
Antimicina A/análogos & derivados , Antimicina A/síntese química , Antimicina A/química , Estrutura MolecularRESUMO
Color variation within populations of the pea aphid influences relative susceptibility to predators and parasites. We have discovered that infection with a facultative endosymbiont of the genus Rickettsiella changes the insects' body color from red to green in natural populations. Approximately 8% of pea aphids collected in Western Europe carried the Rickettsiella infection. The infection increased amounts of blue-green polycyclic quinones, whereas it had less of an effect on yellow-red carotenoid pigments. The effect of the endosymbiont on body color is expected to influence prey-predator interactions, as well as interactions with other endosymbionts.
Assuntos
Afídeos/microbiologia , Coxiellaceae/fisiologia , Simbiose , Animais , Afídeos/fisiologia , Carotenoides/metabolismo , Cor , Coxiellaceae/classificação , FilogeniaRESUMO
Two pigmented compounds from Uroleucon nigrotuberculatum, uroleuconaphin-B(1) [corrected] (H427) and uroleuconaphin-A(1) [corrected] (H373), significantly diminished the cell viability of HL60 cells with IC50 of 10 microM and 30 microM, respectively, in an 18 h-dye uptake assay. Both H427 and H373 augmented the levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and induced apoptosis as demonstrated by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling analysis. ROS augmentation by both H427 and H373 was inhibited by N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and alpha-tocopherol. The apoptosis induced by H427 was inhibited efficiently with NAC and caspase-8 inhibitor but less efficiently with alpha-tocopherol and caspase-9 inhibitor. These findings suggested that these pigments have pro-apoptotic activities via oxidative stress.