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1.
BMC Geriatr ; 22(1): 386, 2022 05 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35501840

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Geriatric co-management is advocated to manage frail patients in the hospital, but there is no guidance on how to implement such programmes in practice. This paper reports our experiences with implementing the 'Geriatric CO-mAnagement for Cardiology patients in the Hospital' (G-COACH) programme. We investigated if G-COACH was feasible to perform after the initial adoption, investigated how well the implementation strategy was able to achieve the implementation targets, determined how patients experienced receiving G-COACH, and determined how healthcare professionals experienced the implementation of G-COACH. METHODS: A feasibility study of the G-COACH programme was performed using a one-group experimental study design. G-COACH was previously implemented on two cardiac care units. Patients and healthcare professionals participating in the G-COACH programme were recruited for this evaluation. The feasibility of the programme was investigated by observing the reach, fidelity and dose using registrations in the electronic patient record and by interviewing patients. The success of the implementation reaching its targets was evaluated using a survey that was completed by 48 healthcare professionals. The experiences of 111 patients were recorded during structured survey interviews. The experiences of healthcare professionals with the implementation process was recorded during 6 semi-structured interviews and 4 focus groups discussions (n = 27). RESULTS: The programme reached 91% in a sample of 151 patients with a mean age of 84 years. There was a high fidelity for the major components of the programme: documentation of geriatric risks (98%), co-management by specialist geriatrics nurse (95%), early rehabilitation (80%), and early discharge planning (74%), except for co-management by the geriatrician (32%). Both patients and healthcare professionals rated G-COACH as acceptable (95 and 94%) and feasible (96 and 74%). The healthcare professionals experienced staffing, competing roles and tasks of the geriatrics nurse and leadership support as important determinants for implementation. CONCLUSIONS: The implementation strategy resulted in the successful initiation of the G-COACH programme. G-COACH was perceived as acceptable and feasible. Fidelity was influenced by context factors. Further investigation of the sustainability of the programme is needed. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ISRCTN22096382 (21/05/2020).


Assuntos
Hospitais , Resolução de Problemas , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Estudos de Viabilidade , Geriatras , Pessoal de Saúde , Humanos
2.
Transpl Int ; 34(12): 2589-2596, 2021 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34644421

RESUMO

Maximal exercise capacity of patients after heart transplantation (HTX) remains limited, affecting their quality of life. Evidence on the evolution of muscle strength and physical activity (PA) post-HTX is lacking, but a prerequisite to tailor cardiac rehabilitation programmes. Forty-five consecutive patients were evaluated every 3 months during the first year post-HTX. Functional exercise capacity (Six minutes walking distance test (6MWD)), peripheral (Quadriceps strength (QF)) and respiratory (Maximal inspiratory strength (MIP)) muscle strength were evaluated. PA (number of steps (PAsteps), active time (PAactive) and sedentary time (PAsed)) was objectively measured. 6MWD, QF, MIP, PAsteps and PAactive significantly improved over time (P < 0.001). No change in PAsed was noticed (P = 0.129). Despite improvements in 6MWD and QF, results remained substantially below those of age-and gender-matched healthy subjects. One year post-HTX, 30% of patients presented with peripheral muscle weakness. Baseline levels of 6MWD and QF were significantly higher in patients with pretransplant LVAD-implantation and this difference was maintained during follow-up. cardiac rehabilitation, combining aerobic exercise training and peripheral muscle strength training, is mandatory in patients post-HTX. Inspiratory muscle training should be implemented when respiratory muscle weakness is present. Programmes improving physical activity and reducing sedentary time post-HTX are essential.


Assuntos
Tolerância ao Exercício , Transplante de Coração , Exercício Físico , Teste de Esforço , Humanos , Força Muscular , Qualidade de Vida
3.
Eur Respir J ; 56(3)2020 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32444407

RESUMO

The development of contractile muscle fatigue (CMF) affects training responses in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Downhill walking induces CMF with lower dyspnoea and fatigue than level walking. This study compared the effect of pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) comprising downhill walking training (DT) to PR comprising level walking (conventional training (CT)) in patients with COPD.In this randomised controlled trial, 35 patients (62±8 years; forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) 50±17% predicted) were randomised to DT or CT. Exercise tolerance (6-minute walk test distance (6MWD); primary outcome), muscle function, symptoms, quality-of-life and physical activity levels were assessed before and after PR. Absolute training changes and the proportion of patients exceeding the 30 m 6MWD minimally important difference (MID) were compared between groups. Quadriceps muscle biopsies were collected after PR in a subset of patients to examine physiological responses to long-term eccentric training.No between-group differences were observed in absolute 6MWD improvement (mean 6MWD change 77±46 m DT versus 56±47 m CT; p=0.45), however 94% of patients in DT exceeded the 6MWD MID compared to 65% in CT (p=0.03). Patients in DT tended to have larger improvements than CT in other outcomes. Muscle biopsy analyses did not differ between groups.PR incorporating downhill walking confers similar magnitudes of effects to PR with conventional walking across clinical outcomes in patients with COPD, however, offers a more reliable stimulus to maximise the achievement of clinically relevant gains in functional exercise tolerance in people with COPD.


Assuntos
Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica , Caminhada , Tolerância ao Exercício , Volume Expiratório Forçado , Humanos , Qualidade de Vida , Resultado do Tratamento , Teste de Caminhada
4.
BMC Geriatr ; 20(1): 112, 2020 03 20.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32197581

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Up to one in three of older patients who are hospitalised develop functional decline, which is associated with sustained disability, institutionalisation and death. This study developed and validated a clinical prediction model that identifies patients who are at risk for functional decline during hospitalisation. The predictive value of the model was compared against three models that were developed for patients admitted to a general medical ward. METHODS: A prospective cohort study was performed on two cardiac care units between September 2016 and June 2017. Patients aged 75 years or older were recruited on admission if they were admitted for non-surgical treatment of an acute cardiovascular disease. Hospitalisation-associated functional decline was defined as any decrease on the Katz Index of Activities of Daily Living between hospital admission and discharge. Predictors were selected based on a review of the literature and a prediction score chart was developed based on a multivariate logistic regression model. RESULTS: A total of 189 patients were recruited and 33% developed functional decline during hospitalisation. A score chart was developed with five predictors that were measured on hospital admission: mobility impairment = 9 points, cognitive impairment = 7 points, loss of appetite = 6 points, depressive symptoms = 5 points, use of physical restraints or having an indwelling urinary catheter = 5 points. The score chart of the developed model demonstrated good calibration and discriminated adequately (C-index = 0.75, 95% CI (0.68-0.83) and better between patients with and without functional decline (chi2 = 12.8, p = 0.005) than the three previously developed models (range of C-index = 0.65-0.68). CONCLUSION: Functional decline is a prevalent complication and can be adequately predicted on hospital admission. A score chart can be used in clinical practice to identify patients who could benefit from preventive interventions. Independent external validation is needed.


Assuntos
Atividades Cotidianas/psicologia , Doenças Cardiovasculares/terapia , Cuidados Críticos/psicologia , Avaliação Geriátrica/métodos , Pacientes Internados/psicologia , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Envelhecimento/psicologia , Doenças Cardiovasculares/diagnóstico , Doenças Cardiovasculares/epidemiologia , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , Hospitalização , Humanos , Masculino , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de Risco
5.
Respir Res ; 20(1): 93, 2019 May 18.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31103027

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Patients with COPD need to cope with a disabling disease, which leads to health status impairment. AIM: To investigate the long term change of health status in subjects with mild to moderate airflow obstruction and to compare this to subjects without airflow obstruction, with and without a smoking history. Second, to investigate the factors potentially associated to rapid health status decline in our total cohort. METHODS: Two hundred and one subjects were included. Generic [Short form 36 health survey (SF36) and EuroQol - 5 dimensions (EQ-5D)] and disease specific [Clinical COPD questionnaire (CCQ) and COPD Assessment Test (CAT)] health status questionnaires were regularly repeated over a six years period. Other functional outcomes comprised measures of lung function, physical fitness, physical activity and emotional state. RESULTS: On average, health status decline did not differ between groups with the exception of the EQ-5D index, which deteriorated faster in subjects with airflow obstruction compared to the never smoking control group [- 0.018(0.008) versus 0.00006(0.003), p = 0.03]. Subjects presenting at least one exacerbation had faster rate of deterioration measured with CAT [0.91(0.21) versus - 0.26(0.25), p < 0.01]. Characteristics of the fast declining group were older age, worse lung function, physical fitness, physical activity and disease specific baseline health status. Subjects with airflow obstruction had a 2.5 (95% CI 1.36-4.71) higher risk of presenting fast overall health status decline. Fast overall decline was associated with the presence of acute exacerbation(s) (44% of the subjects with exacerbation(s) versus 17% of subjects without exacerbation, p = 0.03). Changes in fat free mass, functional exercise capacity and in symptoms of anxiety and depression correlated weakly to changes in health status measured with all questionnaires. CONCLUSION: Subjects with mild airflow obstruction present a significant deterioration of health status, which is generally not much faster compared to smoking and never smoking controls. Subjects with fast decline in overall health status are older and more likely to have airflow obstruction, acute respiratory exacerbation(s), reduced physical fitness, physical activity and impaired COPD specific health status at baseline. TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT01314807 - retrospectively registered on March 2011.


Assuntos
Exercício Físico/fisiologia , Nível de Saúde , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos/tendências , Aptidão Física/fisiologia , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/diagnóstico , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/fisiopatologia , Idoso , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Exercício Físico/psicologia , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Aptidão Física/psicologia , Estudos Prospectivos , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/psicologia , Qualidade de Vida/psicologia , Fatores de Tempo
6.
Acta Cardiol ; : 1-7, 2018 Jan 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29301463

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to determine the incidence and recovery of hospitalisation-associated disability (HAD), the associated risk factors, and the link with care processes in patients aged 70 years or older hospitalised with valvular heart disease (VHD). METHODS: Prospective cohort study performed on the cardiology and cardiac surgery units of University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium. HAD was defined as the loss of independence to complete one of the Activities of Daily Living (ADLs) between hospital admission and discharge. Recovery of HAD at 30 days post hospital discharge was achieved when patients recovered their baseline ADL status (2 weeks before hospital admission) (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02572999). RESULTS: Eighty patients were enrolled in the study, 77 completed the assessment at discharge and 62 responded at 30 days follow-up. Forty patients (51.9%) developed HAD; 18 of them (45.0%) recovered their baseline ADL status. The risk of HAD increased when patients were physically restrained (relative risk (RR) 1.73, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.20-2.49), had indwelling catheters (RR 1.80, 95% CI 0.85-3.80) and received preventive pressure ulcer measures (RR 1.71, 95% CI 1.07-2.74). Patients with HAD had longer hospital stays (+3 days, p = .011) and longer use of indwelling catheters (+2 days, p = .024). CONCLUSION: Half of the older adults with VHD developed HAD. The results indicate a potential association between HAD and care processes, which could be used as quality measures and intervention targets. Validation in larger cohort studies is recommended.

7.
Age Ageing ; 46(6): 903-910, 2017 11 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28444116

RESUMO

Background: geriatric consultation teams have failed to impact clinical outcomes prompting geriatric co-management programmes to emerge as a promising strategy to manage frail patients on non-geriatric wards. Objective: to conduct a systematic review of the effectiveness of in-hospital geriatric co-management. Data sources: MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and CENTRAL were searched from inception to 6 May 2016. Reference lists, trial registers and PubMed Central Citations were additionally searched. Study selection: randomised controlled trials and quasi-experimental studies of in-hospital patients included in a geriatric co-management study. Two investigators performed the selection process independently. Data extraction: standardised data extraction and assessment of risk of bias were performed independently by two investigators. Results: twelve studies and 3,590 patients were included from six randomised and six quasi-experimental studies. Geriatric co-management improved functional status and reduced the number of patients with complications in three of the four studies, but studies had a high risk of bias and outcomes were measured heterogeneously and could not be pooled. Co-management reduced the length of stay (pooled mean difference, -1.88 days [95% CI, -2.44 to -1.33]; 11 studies) and may reduce in-hospital mortality (pooled odds ratio, 0.72 [95% CI, 0.50-1.03]; 7 studies). Meta-analysis identified no effect on the number of patients discharged home (5 studies), post-discharge mortality (3 studies) and readmission rate (4 studies). Conclusions: there was low-quality evidence of a reduced length of stay and a reduced number of patients with complications, and very low-quality evidence of better functional status as a result of geriatric co-management.


Assuntos
Geriatras , Geriatria/métodos , Admissão do Paciente , Equipe de Assistência ao Paciente , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Comportamento Cooperativo , Feminino , Avaliação Geriátrica , Mortalidade Hospitalar , Humanos , Comunicação Interdisciplinar , Tempo de Internação , Masculino , Alta do Paciente , Readmissão do Paciente , Prognóstico , Encaminhamento e Consulta , Fatores de Risco , Fatores de Tempo
8.
Chron Respir Dis ; 14(3): 289-297, 2017 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28774203

RESUMO

This study investigated the validity and reliability of fixed strain gauge measurements of isometric quadriceps force in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). A total cohort of 138 patients with COPD were assessed. To determine validity, maximal volitional quadriceps force was evaluated during isometric maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) manoeuvre via a fixed strain gauge dynamometer and compared to (a) potentiated non-volitional quadriceps force obtained via magnetic stimulation of the femoral nerve (twitch (Tw); n = 92) and (b) volitional computerized dynamometry (Biodex; n = 46) and analysed via correlation coefficients. Test-retest and absolute reliability were determined via calculations of intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs), smallest real differences (SRDs) and standard errors of measurement (SEMs). For this, MVC recordings in each device were performed across two test sessions separated by a period of 7 days ( n = 46). Strain gauge measures of MVC demonstrated very large correlation with Tw and Biodex results ( r = 0.86 and 0.88, respectively, both p < 0.0001). ICC, SEM and SRD were numerically comparable between strain gauge and Biodex devices (ICC = 0.96 vs. 0.93; SEM = 8.50 vs. 10.54 N·m and SRD = 23.59 vs. 29.22 N·m, respectively). The results support that strain gauge measures of quadriceps force are valid and reliable in patients with COPD.


Assuntos
Dinamômetro de Força Muscular , Força Muscular , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/fisiopatologia , Músculo Quadríceps/fisiopatologia , Idoso , Estimulação Elétrica , Feminino , Humanos , Contração Isométrica , Magnetismo , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Estudos Retrospectivos , Volição , Teste de Caminhada
9.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med ; 189(1): 30-8, 2014 Jan 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24219412

RESUMO

RATIONALE: There is little information about comorbidities and their risk factors in the preclinical stages of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). OBJECTIVES: This study aims to investigate the prevalence of premorbid risk factors and comorbid diseases and its association with daily physical activity in subjects detected with COPD by spirometry screening. METHODS: Sixty subjects with preclinical COPD (63 ± 6 yr; 68% [n = 41] male) were compared with 60 smoking control subjects (62 ± 7 yr; 70% [n = 42] male) and 60 never-smoking control subjects (62 ± 6 yr; 57% [n = 34] male). Comorbidities (cardiovascular, metabolic, and musculoskeletal disease) and daily physical activity (by multisensor activity monitor) were measured objectively. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The prevalence of premorbid risk factors and comorbid diseases was significantly higher in preclinical COPD compared with age-matched never-smoking control subjects, but was similar to smoking control subjects not suffering from COPD. In preclinical COPD and smoking control subjects, the combination of cardiovascular disease and musculoskeletal disease was the most prevalent (15% [n = 9] and 12% [n = 7], respectively). In a multivariate logistic regression analysis, physical inactivity and smoking were found to be independent risk factors for having greater than or equal to two comorbidities. CONCLUSIONS: Premorbid risk factors and comorbid diseases were more prevalent in the preclinical stages of COPD and smokers without COPD. Physical inactivity and smoking were more strongly associated with the presence of comorbidities compared with airflow obstruction. Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT 01314807).


Assuntos
Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/etiologia , Doenças Cardiovasculares/epidemiologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Comorbidade , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Atividade Motora , Doenças Musculoesqueléticas/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/epidemiologia , Fatores de Risco , Comportamento Sedentário , Fumar/epidemiologia
10.
BMC Pulm Med ; 15: 136, 2015 Nov 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26530543

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: In some patients with COPD, the disease is characterized by exacerbations. Severe exacerbations warrant a hospitalization, with prolonged detrimental effects on physical activity. Interventions after an exacerbation may improve physical activity, with longstanding health benefits. Physical activity counseling and real-time feedback were effective in stable COPD. No evidence is available on the use of this therapeutic modality in patients after a COPD exacerbation. METHODS: Thirty patients were randomly assigned to usual care or physical activity counseling, by telephone contacts at a frequency of 3 times a week and real-time feedback. Lung function, peripheral muscle strength, functional exercise capacity, symptom experience and COPD-related health status were assessed during hospital stay and 1 month later. RESULTS: Both groups significantly recovered in physical activity (PAsteps: control group: 1013 ± 1275 steps vs intervention group: 984 ± 1208 steps (p = 0.0005); PAwalk: control group: 13 ± 14 min vs intervention group: 13 ± 16 min (p = 0.0002)), functional exercise capacity (control group: 64 ± 59 m (p = 0.002) vs intervention group: 67 ± 84 m (p = 0.02)) and COPD-related health status (CAT: control group: -5 [-7 to 1] (p = 0.02) vs intervention group: -3 [-10 to 1] points (p = 0.03)). No differences between groups were observed. CONCLUSION: From our pilot study, we concluded that telephone based physical activity counseling with pedometer feedback after an exacerbation did not result in better improvements in physical activity and clinical outcomes compared to usual care. Because of the difficult recruitment and the negative intermediate analyses, this study was not continued. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT02223962. Registered 4 September 2013.


Assuntos
Aconselhamento/métodos , Tolerância ao Exercício , Nível de Saúde , Atividade Motora , Força Muscular , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/reabilitação , Telefone , Acelerometria , Idoso , Progressão da Doença , Teste de Esforço , Retroalimentação , Feminino , Volume Expiratório Forçado , Hospitalização , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Projetos Piloto , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/fisiopatologia , Músculo Quadríceps , Testes de Função Respiratória , Inquéritos e Questionários , Resultado do Tratamento , Capacidade Vital
11.
Chron Respir Dis ; 12(2): 155-64, 2015 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25758676

RESUMO

Skeletal muscle quadriceps low-frequency fatigue (LFF) during exercise promotes improvements in exercise capacity with exercise training. In healthy subjects, eccentric muscle work induced by downhill walking (DW) generates higher muscular stress, whilst metabolic cost is lower compared to level walking (LW). We investigated quadriceps LFF and metabolic cost of DW in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Ten participants (67 ± 7 years, FEV1 51 ± 15% predicted) performed DW, DW carrying a load (DWL) of 10% body weight via vest and LW, in random order. Quadriceps potentiated twitch force (TWqpot) was assessed before and after each walk, and muscle damage was assessed before and 24 hours after each walk via serum creatine kinase (CK) levels. Ventilation (VE) and oxygen consumption (VO2) were measured via breath-by-breath analysis during each walk. DW and DWL resulted in a greater decrease in TWqpot (-30 ± 14 N in DW, p < 0.05; and -22 ± 16 N in DWL, p < 0.05) compared to LW (-3 ± 21 N, p > 0.05). CK levels only increased 24 hours following DW and DWL (p < 0.05). DW and DWL showed lower VE and VO2 than LW (p < 0.05). DW is associated with enhanced quadriceps LFF and lower cardiorespiratory costs than LW. The addition of a chest load to DW does not seem to enhance these effects.


Assuntos
Terapia por Exercício/métodos , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/reabilitação , Caminhada/fisiologia , Idoso , Dispneia/etiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fadiga Muscular , Consumo de Oxigênio , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/fisiopatologia , Músculo Quadríceps/fisiologia , Resultado do Tratamento , Suporte de Carga
12.
Thorax ; 68(10): 962-3, 2013 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23604460

RESUMO

RATIONALE: Information about daily physical activity levels (PAL) in subjects with undiagnosed chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is scarce. This study aims to assess PA and to investigate the associations between PA and clinical characteristics in subjects with newly diagnosed COPD. METHODS: Fifty-nine subjects with a new spirometry-based diagnosis of mild (n=38) and moderate (n=21) COPD (63±6 years, 68% male) were matched with 65 smoking controls (62±7 years, 75% male). PA (daily steps, time spent in moderate-to-vigorous intense physical activities (MVPA) and PAL) was measured by accelerometry. Dyspnoea, complete pulmonary function tests, peripheral muscle strength and exercise capacity served as clinical characteristics. RESULTS: PA was significantly lower in COPD versus smoking controls (7986±2648 vs 9765±3078 steps, 64 (27-120) vs 110 (55-164) min of MVPA, 1.49±0.21 vs 1.62±0.24 PAL respectively, all p<0.05). Subjects with COPD with either mild symptoms of dyspnoea (mMRC 1), those with lower diffusion capacity (T(L),co), low 6 min walking distance (6MWD) or low maximal oxygen uptake (VO(2) peak) had significantly lower PA. Multiple regression analysis identified 6 MWD and T(L),co as independent predictors of PA in COPD. CONCLUSIONS: The reduction in PA starts early in the disease, even when subjects are not yet diagnosed with COPD. Inactivity is more pronounced in subjects with mild symptoms of dyspnoea, lower levels of diffusion capacity and exercise capacity.


Assuntos
Dispneia/fisiopatologia , Atividade Motora/fisiologia , Força Muscular/fisiologia , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/fisiopatologia , Fumar/fisiopatologia , Atividades Cotidianas , Idoso , Teste de Esforço , Tolerância ao Exercício , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Espirometria
13.
Respir Res ; 13: 84, 2012 Sep 25.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23006613

RESUMO

RATIONALE: Pulmonary rehabilitation is an important treatment for patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, who are often vitamin D deficient. As vitamin D status is linked to skeletal muscle function, we aimed to explore if high dose vitamin D supplementation can improve the outcomes of rehabilitation in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study is a post-hoc subgroup analysis of a larger randomized trial comparing a monthly dose of 100.000 IU of vitamin D with placebo to reduce exacerbations. 50 Subjects who followed a rehabilitation program during the trial are included in this analysis. We report changes from baseline in muscle strength and exercise performance between both study arms after 3 months of rehabilitation. RESULTS: Vitamin D intervention resulted in significantly higher median vitamin D levels compared to placebo (51 [44-62] ng/ml vs 15 [13-30] ng/ml; p < 0.001). Patients receiving vitamin D had significantly larger improvements in inspiratory muscle strength (-11±12 cmH2O vs 0±14 cmH2O; p = 0.004) and maximal oxygen uptake (110±211 ml/min vs -20±187 ml/min; p = 0.029). Improvements in quadriceps strength (15±16 Nm) or six minutes walking distance (40±55 meter) were not significantly different from the effects in the placebo group (7±19 Nm and 11±74 meter; p>0.050). CONCLUSION: High dose vitamin D supplementation during rehabilitation may have mild additional benefits to training.


Assuntos
Suplementos Nutricionais , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/fisiopatologia , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/reabilitação , Vitamina D/administração & dosagem , Vitamina D/uso terapêutico , Idoso , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Método Duplo-Cego , Tolerância ao Exercício/efeitos dos fármacos , Tolerância ao Exercício/fisiologia , Feminino , Volume Expiratório Forçado/efeitos dos fármacos , Volume Expiratório Forçado/fisiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Força Muscular/efeitos dos fármacos , Força Muscular/fisiologia , Músculo Esquelético/efeitos dos fármacos , Músculo Esquelético/fisiopatologia , Consumo de Oxigênio/efeitos dos fármacos , Consumo de Oxigênio/fisiologia , Resultado do Tratamento , Capacidade Vital/efeitos dos fármacos , Capacidade Vital/fisiologia , Vitamina D/farmacologia
15.
J Am Geriatr Soc ; 69(5): 1377-1387, 2021 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33730373

RESUMO

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Older patients admitted to cardiac care units often suffer functional decline. We evaluated whether a nurse-led geriatric co-management program leads to better functional status at hospital discharge. DESIGN: A quasi-experimental before-and-after study was performed between September 2016 and December 2018, with the main endpoint at hospital discharge and follow-up at 6 months. SETTING: Two cardiac care units of the University Hospitals Leuven. PARTICIPANTS: One hundred and fifty-one intervention and 158 control patients aged 75 years or older admitted for acute cardiovascular disease or transcatheter aortic valve implantation. INTERVENTION: A nurse from the geriatrics department performed a comprehensive geriatric assessment within 24 h of admission. The cardiac care team and geriatrics nurse drafted an interdisciplinary care plan, focusing on early rehabilitation, discharge planning, promoting physical activity, and preventing geriatric syndromes. The geriatrics nurse provided daily follow-up and coached the cardiac team. A geriatrician co-managed patients with complications. MEASUREMENTS: The primary outcome was functional status measured using the Katz Index for independence in activities of daily living (ADL; one-point difference was considered clinically relevant). Secondary outcomes included the incidence of ADL decline and complications, length of stay, unplanned readmissions, survival, and quality of life. RESULTS: The mean age of patients was 85 years. Intervention patients had better functional status at hospital discharge (8.9, 95% CI = 8.7-9.3 versus 9.5, 95% CI = 9.2-9.9; p = 0.019) and experienced 18% less functional decline during hospitalization (25% vs. 43%, p = 0.006). The intervention group experienced significantly fewer cases of delirium and obstipation during hospitalization, and significantly fewer nosocomial infections. At 6-month follow-up, patients had significantly better functional status and quality of life. There were no differences regarding length of stay, readmissions, or survival. CONCLUSION: This first nurse-led geriatric co-management program for frail patients on cardiac care units was not effective in improving functional status, but significantly improved secondary outcomes.


Assuntos
Reabilitação Cardíaca/enfermagem , Enfermagem Geriátrica/métodos , Equipe de Assistência ao Paciente , Alta do Paciente/estatística & dados numéricos , Substituição da Valva Aórtica Transcateter/reabilitação , Doença Aguda , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Cardiologia/métodos , Doenças Cardiovasculares/enfermagem , Feminino , Estado Funcional , Avaliação Geriátrica , Humanos , Masculino , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados não Aleatórios como Assunto , Substituição da Valva Aórtica Transcateter/enfermagem
16.
Acta Cardiol ; 75(4): 339-347, 2020 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31125296

RESUMO

Background: Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is an evidence-based therapy in chronic heart failure (CHF). There is still debate about the optimal training protocol in CHF. The use of high intensity interval training (HIIT) supplemented with peripheral (PRT) and inspiratory resistance training (IRT) might be more beneficial because of the higher impact on the peripheral and inspiratory muscles, with less symptoms of dyspnoea and lower amount of dropouts as a result. We compared our standard exercise-based CR programme, mainly consisting of moderate intensity interval training to a programme combining HIIT, PRT and IRT (resistance training supplemented HIIT (RHIIT) programme).Design: Randomised controlled pilot study.Methods: Twenty patients with CHF were randomised on a 1:1 basis to the standard or RHIIT programme. At baseline and after 3 months, peak exercise capacity (VO2peak), peripheral (QF) and inspiratory respiratory muscle strength (MIP), quality of life (QOL) and physical activity were measured.Results: The RHIIT programme resulted in a significantly larger improvement in QF (ΔQF RHIIT programme: 19.3 ± 11.8 vs standard programme: -6.89 ± 19.0 Nm (p < .01)) and MIP (ΔMIP RHIIT programme: -44.9 ± 29.9 vs standard programme: 0.56 ± 19.4 cmH2O (p < .01)). Both programmes equally improved in VO2peak (p = .91), whereas ventilatory efficiency and physical activity remained stable.Conclusion: HIIT supplemented with PRT and IRT might be applicable as standard protocol in CHF. Larger studies are warranted to confirm our findings. The RHIIT programme resulted in similar training effects in VO2peak in a shorter training period. This might be beneficial in a chronic patient population such as CHF, where adherence is difficult.


Assuntos
Reabilitação Cardíaca/métodos , Dispneia , Insuficiência Cardíaca , Treinamento Intervalado de Alta Intensidade/métodos , Qualidade de Vida , Treinamento Resistido/métodos , Idoso , Bélgica , Doença Crônica , Dispneia/etiologia , Dispneia/terapia , Tolerância ao Exercício , Feminino , Insuficiência Cardíaca/fisiopatologia , Insuficiência Cardíaca/psicologia , Insuficiência Cardíaca/terapia , Humanos , Masculino , Avaliação de Resultados em Cuidados de Saúde , Resultado do Tratamento
17.
PLoS One ; 15(7): e0235684, 2020.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32645710

RESUMO

AIMS: Although patients supported with a Continuous-Flow Left Ventricular Assist Device (CF-LVAD) are hemodynamically stable, their exercise capacity is limited. Hence, the aim of this work was to investigate the underlying factors that lead to peak and submaximal exercise intolerance of CF-LVAD supported patients. METHODS: Seven months after CF-LVAD implantation, eighty three patients performed a maximal cardiopulmonary exercise test and a six minute walk test. Peak oxygen uptake and the distance walked were measured and expressed as a percentage of the predicted value (%VO2p and %6MWD, respectively). Preoperative conditions, echocardiography, laboratory results and pharmacological therapy data were collected and a correlation analysis against %VO2p and %6MWD was performed. RESULTS: CF-LVAD patients showed a relatively higher submaximal exercise capacity (%6MWD = 64±16%) compared to their peak exertion (%VO2p = 51±14%). The variables that correlated with %VO2p were CF-LVAD parameters, chronotropic response, opening of the aortic valve at rest, tricuspid insufficiency, NT-proBNP and the presence of a cardiac implantable electronic device. On the other hand, the variables that correlated with %6MWD were diabetes, creatinine, urea, ventilation efficiency and CF-LVAD pulsatility index. Additionally, both %6MWD and %VO2p were influenced by the CF-LVAD implantation timing, calculated from the occurrence of the cardiac disease. CONCLUSION: Overall, both %6MWD and %VO2p depend on the duration of heart failure prior to CF-LVAD implantation. %6MWD is primarily determined by parameters underlying the patient's general condition, while %VO2p mostly relies on the residual function and chronotropic response of the heart. Moreover, since %VO2p was relatively lower compared to %6MWD, we might infer that CF-LVAD can support submaximal exercise but is not sufficient during peak exertion. Hence concluding that the contribution of the ventricle is crucial in sustaining hemodynamics at peak exercise.


Assuntos
Tolerância ao Exercício/fisiologia , Insuficiência Cardíaca/fisiopatologia , Coração Auxiliar/efeitos adversos , Adulto , Idoso , Ecocardiografia , Exercício Físico/fisiologia , Teste de Esforço , Feminino , Insuficiência Cardíaca/cirurgia , Ventrículos do Coração/fisiopatologia , Hemodinâmica/fisiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Consumo de Oxigênio , Função Ventricular Esquerda/fisiologia
18.
PLoS One ; 13(12): e0208841, 2018.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30586370

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Exercise capacity is an important feature in patients with COPD. Its impairment drives disability and dependency for daily activities performance. This study evaluated the six years change in exercise capacity in subjects with airflow obstruction and compared this to subjects without airflow obstruction, with and without a smoking history. METHODS: Cardiopulmonary exercise tests (CPET) were repeatedly performed during a six years follow up period. Peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak), work rate (WRpeak), heart rate (HRpeak), minute ventilation (VEpeak), respiratory exchange ratio (RERpeak) and ventilatory reserve (VE/MVV) were collected as effort dependent outcomes. The slopes of oxygen uptake, ventilatory and mechanical efficiency (OUES, ΔVE/ΔVCO2 and ΔVO2/ΔWR) were collected as effort independent outcomes. RESULTS: One hundred and thirty-eight subjects were included. Thirty-eight presented airflow obstruction (63±6 years, 74% men, FEV1 90±15%pred), 44 had a smoking history but no airflow obstruction (61±5 years, 61% men, FEV1 105±15%pred) and 56 had never smoked (61±7 years, 57% men, FEV1 117±18%pred). At baseline, the airflow obstruction group had slightly worse exercise capacity in comparison to the never smoking control group, in absolute terms and expressed as percentage of the predicted value (VO2peak = 27±5 versus 32±8 ml/min/kg, p<0.01; 112±29 versus 130±33%pred, p = 0.04). Most exercise variables showed a statistically significant yearly deterioration, with exception of VE/MVV, ΔVE/ΔVCO2 and ΔVO2/ΔWR. The yearly decline in VO2peak and OUES was not faster in subjects with airflow obstruction than in smoking and never smoking controls (VO2peak -67 (9) versus -76 (9) ml/min, p = 0.44 and versus -58 (9), p = 0.47; OUES -32 (11) versus -68 (10), p = 0.03 and versus -68 (13), p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: With exception of VO2peak, effort dependent variables deteriorated faster in subjects with airflow obstruction compared to never smoking controls. The deterioration of effort independent variables, however, was not accelerated in the airflow obstruction group compared to controls.


Assuntos
Exercício Físico/fisiologia , Pulmão/fisiopatologia , Consumo de Oxigênio/fisiologia , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/fisiopatologia , Fumar/fisiopatologia , Idoso , Progressão da Doença , Teste de Esforço , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/diagnóstico , Testes de Função Respiratória , Índice de Gravidade de Doença
19.
BMJ Open ; 8(10): e023593, 2018 10 21.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30344179

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Although the majority of older patients admitted to a cardiology unit present with at least one geriatric syndrome, guidelines on managing heart disease often do not consider the complex needs of frail older patients. Geriatric co-management has demonstrated potential to improve functional status, and reduce complications and length of stay, but evidence on the effectiveness in cardiology patients is lacking. This study aims to determine if geriatric co-management is superior to usual care in preventing functional decline, complications, mortality, readmission rates, reducing length of stay and improving quality of life in older patients admitted for acute heart disease or for transcatheter aortic valve implantation, and to identify determinants of success for geriatric co-management in this population. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: This prospective quasi-experimental before-and-after study will be performed on two cardiology units of the University Hospitals Leuven in Belgium in patients aged ≥75 years. In the precohort (n=227), usual care will be documented. A multitude of implementation strategies will be applied to allow for successful implementation of the model. Patients in the after cohort (n=227) will undergo a comprehensive geriatric assessment within 24 hours of admission to stratify them into one of three groups based on their baseline risk for developing functional decline: low-risk patients receive proactive consultation, high-risk patients will be co-managed by the geriatric nurse to prevent complications and patients with acute geriatric problems will receive an additional medication review and co-management by the geriatrician. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The study protocol was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee UZ Leuven/KU Leuven (S58296). Written voluntary (proxy-)informed consent will be obtained from all participants at the start of the study. Dissemination of results will be through articles in scientific and professional journals both in English and Dutch and by conference presentations. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT02890927.


Assuntos
Avaliação Geriátrica , Cardiopatias/terapia , Hospitalização , Equipe de Assistência ao Paciente , Idoso , Bélgica , Serviço Hospitalar de Cardiologia , Ensaios Clínicos como Assunto , Enfermagem Geriátrica , Geriatras , Hospitais Universitários , Humanos , Recursos Humanos de Enfermagem Hospitalar , Estudos Prospectivos , Medição de Risco , Substituição da Valva Aórtica Transcateter
20.
PLoS One ; 11(4): e0154587, 2016.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27124297

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Changes in physical activity (PA) are difficult to interpret because no framework of minimal important difference (MID) exists. We aimed to determine the minimal important difference (MID) in physical activity (PA) in patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and to clinically validate this MID by evaluating its impact on time to first COPD-related hospitalization. METHODS: PA was objectively measured for one week in 74 patients before and after three months of rehabilitation (rehabilitation sample). In addition the intraclass correlation coefficient was measured in 30 patients (test-retest sample), by measuring PA for two consecutive weeks. Daily number of steps was chosen as outcome measurement. Different distribution and anchor based methods were chosen to calculate the MID. Time to first hospitalization due to an exacerbation was compared between patients exceeding the MID and those who did not. RESULTS: Calculation of the MID resulted in 599 (Standard Error of Measurement), 1029 (empirical rule effect size), 1072 (Cohen's effect size) and 1131 (0.5SD) steps.day-1. An anchor based estimation could not be obtained because of the lack of a sufficiently related anchor. The time to the first hospital admission was significantly different between patients exceeding the MID and patients who did not, using the Standard Error of Measurement as cutoff. CONCLUSIONS: The MID after pulmonary rehabilitation lies between 600 and 1100 steps.day-1. The clinical importance of this change is supported by a reduced risk for hospital admission in those patients with more than 600 steps improvement.


Assuntos
Tolerância ao Exercício/fisiologia , Exercício Físico/fisiologia , Avaliação de Resultados em Cuidados de Saúde , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/fisiopatologia , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/reabilitação , Idoso , Teste de Esforço , Feminino , Hospitalização/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Masculino , Estudos Retrospectivos , Inquéritos e Questionários
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