Aerobic Denitrification Promoting by Actinomycetes Coculture: Investigating Performance, Carbon Source Metabolic Characteristic, and Raw Water Restoration.

The coculture theory that promotes denitrification relies on effectively utilizing the resources of low-efficiency denitrification microbes. Here, the strains Streptomyces sp. PYX97 and Streptomyces sp. TSJ96 were isolated and showed lower denitrification capacity when cultured individually. However, the coculture of strains PYX97 and TSJ96 enhanced nitrogen removal (removed 96.40% of total nitrogen) and organic carbon reduction (removed 92.13% of dissolved organic carbon) under aerobic conditions. Nitrogen balance analysis indicated that coculturing enhanced the efficiency of nitrate converted into gaseous nitrogen reaching 70.42%. Meanwhile, the coculturing promoted the cell metabolism capacity and carbon source metabolic activity. The coculture strains PYX97 and TSJ96 thrived in conditions of C/N = 10, alkalescence, and 150 rpm shaking speed. The coculturing reduced total nitrogen and CODMn in the raw water treatment by 83.32 and 84.21%, respectively. During this treatment, the cell metabolic activity and cell density increased in the coculture strains PYX97 and TSJ96 reactor. Moreover, the coculture strains could utilize aromatic protein and soluble microbial products during aerobic denitrification processes in raw water treatment. This study suggests that coculturing inefficient actinomycete strains could be a promising approach for treating polluted water bodies.

Urbanization influenced the interactions between dissolved organic matter and bacterial communities in rivers.

Increased urbanization and anthropogenic activities can alter dissolved organic matter (DOM) and complicate its interaction with bacteria in rivers' ecosystems, however, there is limited information about how bacterial communities respond to DOM components in rivers with different urbanization levels. Here, we combined spectroscopy-based DOM analysis and 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing to investigate the associations of bacterial taxa and DOM properties as well as the impacts of DOM on bacterial niche breadth in North River (NR) and West River (WR) of Jiulong River watershed, southern China, which had low and high urbanization levels, respectively. Spectroscopy analysis showed that hydrophilic DOM was predominant in both rivers whereas chromophoric DOM was higher in WR. Network analysis indicated that only seven bacterial genera (i.e., hg clade, chthoniobacter, Geobacter, Acidibacter, Alphal Cluster, Fluviicola, and Lacunisphaera) showed strong associations with DOM optical variables in both rivers, whereas more than 85% of DOM-bacterial genera associations were different between rivers. These results suggest that the relationship between DOM and bacterial communities had different responses in rivers with different urbanization levels. The partial least square path model indicated that the total standardized effect of physico-chemicals on bacterial niche breadth was higher in NR (0.62) than in WR (0.35), whereas humic substances showed an opposite pattern (NR: -0.42; WR: 1.67). The distinct effects of physico-chemicals and DOM on bacterial niche breadths between rivers could be due to the different effects of urbanization and human activities on the environmental conditions of riverine ecosystems. Our findings revealed a huge dissimilarity in the bacteria-DOM co-occurrence networks between rivers with different urbanization levels and provide a novel insight that urbanization may enhance DOM's importance to bacterial niche breadths.

Insight into variation and controlling factors of dissolved organic matter between urban rivers undergoing different anthropogenic influences.

Dissolved organic matter (DOM), known as a key to the aquatic carbon cycle, is influenced by abiotic and biotic factors. However, the compositional variation and these factors' effects on fluorescence DOM (FDOM) in urban rivers undergoing different anthropogenic pressure are poorly investigated. Herein, using fluorescence excitation-emission matrix and parallel factor analysis (EEM-PARAFAC), four FDOM components (C1, C2, C3, and C4) were identified in a less urbanized north river (NR) and a more urbanized west river (WR) of Jiulong River Watershed in Fujian province, China. C1, C2, and C4 were related to humic-like substances (HLS) and C3 to protein-like substances (PLS). HLS (63.9% in WR and 36.4% in NR) and PLS (62.7% in WR and 37.3% in NR) exhibited higher fluorescence in the more urbanized river. We also found higher PLS in winter, but higher HLS in summer for both rivers. Although the coefficient of variation indicated a difference in FDOM components stability to some extent between the two rivers, the typhoon event that occurred in summer had a stronger disruptive impact on the CDOM and FDOM of a more urbanized river than that of a less urbanized river. We explore abiotic and biotic factors' effects on FDOM using the partial least squares path model (PLS-PM). PLS-PM results revealed higher significant influences of biotic factors on FDOM in the more urbanized river. This study enhances our understanding of FDOM dynamics of rivers with different anthropogenic pressure together with the abiotic and biotic factors driving them.

A model for the uptake of advance care planning in older cancer adults: a scoping review.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Advance care planning (ACP) might assist older cancer patients in expressing their goals, values, and care preferences; yet, the ACP uptake rates in this group are low. The goal of this study is to discover factors that influence ACP uptake in older cancer adults and to construct a model that integrates these factors. METHODS: Using Arksey and O' Malley's methodology, we systematically searched seven electronic databases of ACP literature in older cancer adults from inception to March 2022. To identify factors linked to ACP uptake in elderly cancer patients, researchers used a pre-piloted extraction form. There were two phases to the thematic analysis of the labeled factors. First, factors were grouped into one of three categories using a directed content analysis approach: patient context, provider context, or mechanism. Second, we took both a deductive and inductive thematic approach to identifying and coding contributing factors in each category to identify themes and subthemes. Deductive coding was undertaken using the Andersen's Behavioral Model of Health Services Utilization. Finally, results were visualized into a conceptual model. RESULTS: In the including 37 articles, 131 factors were extracted. Thematic analysis of patient context factors (n = 72) showed that ACP uptake in older cancer adults is associated with predisposing characteristics, enabling resources and need. Factors attributed to provider context (n = 28) concerned predisposing characteristics and enabling resources. Mechanism factors (n = 31) are related to perceived value and patient trust, and the C-ACP uptake model was created. CONCLUSION: ACP uptake in older cancer patients is commonly influenced by patient-provider-related contextual factors, and highlights the fact that ACP uptake is more likely to be mediated through both perceived value and patient trust. This review serves as a resource for providers exploring ACP implementation options in older cancer adults.

The subjective experience of family caregivers of people living with Parkinson's disease: a meta-ethnography of qualitative literature.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Parkinson's disease patients (PwPD) rely heavily on their family caregivers. However, there remains uncertainty regarding the subjective experience of the family caregivers of PwPD. This study aims to provide an in-depth summary of the current knowledge about the subjective experiences of family caregivers caring for PwPD, to understand the factors that influence this experience and to provide the evidence for healthcare services. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review and meta-ethnography using Noblit and Hare's approach. The search strategy used MeSH terms in combination with free-text searching of 10 databases (from their inception until July 2021). Titles and abstracts were reviewed by two reviewers and, for the studies that met the eligibility criteria, full-text articles were obtained. The Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP) checklist was employed to assess the quality of studies. RESULTS: A total of 3318 studies were screened and 29 qualitative studies were included in this review. These studies recorded the experience of 399 participants across 12 countries, most were females. Five themes emerged: (a) feelings related to PD; (b) challenges to family life; (c) external challenges; (d) adjustment and adaptation; (e) external support. We propose a new conceptual model that highlights that the experiences of caregivers for PwPD are dynamic and influenced by a variety of internal and external factors. CONCLUSION: Our findings illustrate the complex and dynamic experiences of family caregivers for PwPD. It is necessary to explore how the influencing factors can be modified to improve the lived experience of family caregivers.

Preliminary Expression Analysis of the OSCA Gene Family in Maize and Their Involvement in Temperature Stress.

Hyperosmolality-gated calcium-permeable channels (OSCA) are characterized as an osmosensor in plants; they are able to recognize and respond to exogenous and endogenous osmotic changes, and play a vital role in plant growth and adaptability to environmental stress. To explore the potential biological functions of OSCAs in maize, we performed a bioinformatics and expression analysis of the ZmOSCA gene family. Using bioinformatics methods, we identified twelve OSCA genes from the genome database of maize. According to their sequence composition and phylogenetic relationship, the maize OSCA family was classified into four groups (Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, and Ⅳ). Multiple sequence alignment analysis revealed a conserved DUF221 domain in these members. We modeled the calcium binding sites of four OSCA families using the autodocking technique. The expression profiles of ZmOSCA genes were analyzed in different tissues and under diverse abiotic stresses such as drought, salt, high temperature, and chilling using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). We found that the expression of twelve ZmOSCA genes is variant in different tissues of maize. Furthermore, abiotic stresses such as drought, salt, high temperature, and chilling differentially induced the expression of twelve ZmOSCA genes. We chose ZmOSCA2.2 and ZmOSCA2.3, which responded most strongly to temperature stress, for prediction of protein interactions. We modeled the calcium binding sites of four OSCA families using autodocking tools, obtaining a number of new results. These results are helpful in understanding the function of the plant OSCA gene family for study of the molecular mechanism of plant osmotic stress and response, as well as exploration of the interaction between osmotic stress, high-temperature stress, and low-temperature stress signal transduction mechanisms. As such, they can provide a theoretical basis for crop breeding.

Horizontal and vertical gene transfer drive sediment antibiotic resistome in an urban lagoon system.

Rapid urbanization has resulted in pervasive occurrence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in urban aquatic ecosystems. However, limited information is available concerning the ARG profiles and the forces responsible for their assembly in urban landscape lagoon systems. Here, we employed high-throughput quantitative PCR (HT-qPCR) to characterize the spatial variations of ARGs in surface and core sediments of Yundang Lagoon, China. The results indicated that the average richness and absolute abundance of ARGs were 11 and 53 times higher in the lagoon sediments as compared to pristine reference Tibetan lake sediments, highlighting the role of anthropogenic activities in ARG pollution. Co-occurrence network analysis indicated that various anaerobic prokaryotic genera belonging to Alpha-, Deltaproteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Euryarchaeota, Firmicutes and Synergistetes were the potential hosts of ARGs. The partial least squares-path modeling (PLS-PM) analysis revealed positive and negative indirect effects of physicochemical factors and heavy metals on the lagoon ARG profiles, via biotic factors, respectively. The horizontal (mediated by mobile genetic elements) and vertical (mediated by prokaryotic communities) gene transfer may directly contribute the most to drive the abundance and composition of ARGs, respectively. Furthermore, the neutral community model demonstrated that the assembly of sediment ARG communities was jointly governed by deterministic and stochastic processes. Overall, this study provides novel insights into the diversity and distribution of ARGs in the benthic habitat of urban lagoon systems and underlying mechanisms for the spread and proliferation of ARGs.

Specific affinity and relative abundance of methanogens in acclimated anaerobic sludge treating low-strength wastewater.

Kinetic parameters affecting effluent water quality including half saturation constant (Ks), maximum specific growth rate (µmax), and specific affinity ([Formula: see text], defined as µmax/Ks) were investigated using three types of anaerobic sludge (raw anaerobic digestion sludge referred to as unacclimated sludge, unacclimated sludge after endogenous decay, and sludge acclimated to low-strength wastewater in an anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) for 360 days). Long-term acclimation to low-strength wastewater resulted in sludge with high specific affinity (1.6 × 10-3 L/mg COD/day for acclimated sludge compared to 4.1 × 10-4 L/mg COD/day for unacclimated sludge). The µmax values for unacclimated sludge and acclimated sludge were 0.08 and 0.07 day-1, respectively. The Ks values for unacclimated sludge and acclimated sludge were 194 ± 81 mg COD/L and 45 ± 13 mg COD/L, respectively. Although the Ks of unacclimated sludge after endogenous decay increased to 772 ± 74 mg COD/L, µmax increased to 0.35 day-1 as well, resulting in no statistically significant difference of [Formula: see text] between the two types of unacclimated sludge. Overall, [Formula: see text] is a better indicator than µmax or Ks alone for determining effluent water quality, as effluent substrate concentration is approximately inversely proportional to the specific affinity. 16S rRNA sequencing data analysis indicated a high abundance (85.8% of total archaea) of Methanosaeta in the microbial community after long-term acclimation. High [Formula: see text] associated with the enrichment of Methanosaeta appears to ensure successful anaerobic treatment of low-strength wastewater.

Deterministic and stochastic processes driving the shift in the prokaryotic community composition in wastewater treatment plants of a coastal Chinese city.

Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) rely mainly on the microbial assemblages to contribute significantly for the removal of organic pollutants and nutrients. However, limited information is available on the ecological driving forces underlying the turnover of prokaryotic communities across wastewater treatment processes (i.e., from influents (IFs) and effluents (EFs)) within WWTPs. Here, we used a combination of the 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and a quantitative ecological null model analysis to explore the ecological processes governing the turnover of the prokaryotic communities and the dominant taxonomic taxa across wastewater treatment processes of five full-scale WWTPs in China. Our results indicated that a significant variation in the composition of prokaryotic communities and the dominant taxa between IFs and EFs. The analysis of the environmental sources of indicator OTUs showed that a relatively lower abundance of the sludge/sewage and human guts associated OTUs in EFs than in IFs. Ecological null models revealed that among the ecological processes, deterministic processes were dominant in controlling the turnover of the overall communities from IFs to EFs, whereas the relative importance of deterministic processes varied among the dominant taxa (i.e., Bacteroidetes > Proteobacteria > Gammaproteobacteria > Firmicutes > Betaproteobacteria). However, the assembly of IF and EF communities was influenced mainly by the deterministic and stochastic processes, respectively. In addition, our results indicated that EF communities have a higher phylogenetic diversity than those of the IF communities, but the abundance of prokaryotic 16S rRNA genes was lower in EFs than in IFs. Overall, our study provides a novel insight of the assembly mechanisms underlying the turnover of prokaryotic communities during wastewater treatment processes.

Effects of BTEX on the Removal of Acetone in a Coaxial Non-Thermal Plasma Reactor: Role Analysis of the Methyl Group.

The removal of acetone and benzene series (BTEX) under individual and concurrent conditions is carried out in a coaxial nonthermal plasma (NTP) reactor. The results show that the benzene series has a significant negative impact on acetone conversion and CO2 selectivity under NTP treatment. Furthermore, it is found that p-xylene significantly promotes COx selectivity under co-treatment with acetone because of greater CO generation. Based on the results of transient FTIR, MS, and GC-MS, it is seen that quantities of formic acid, formaldehyde, and ring-opening byproducts from benzene series decomposition are reduced, while quantities of aromatic byproducts with carboxyl, phenolic, and aldehyde groups on the benzene ring increase under coexistence conditions. With the help of theoretical calculation and kinetic analysis, hydrogen abstraction from the methyl group and active hydroxyl radical consumption are proposed as critical factors in the BTEX inhibition effect on acetone degradation.

Strong impact of anthropogenic contamination on the co-occurrence patterns of a riverine microbial community.

Although the health of rivers is threatened by multiple anthropogenic stressors with increasing frequency, it remains an open question how riverine microbial communities respond to emerging micropollutants. Here, by using 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing of 60 water samples collected during different hydrological seasons, we investigated the spatio-temporal variation and the co-occurrence patterns of microbial communities in the anthropogenically impacted Jiulong River in China. The results indicated that the riverine microbial co-occurrence network had a nonrandom, modular structure, which was mainly shaped by the taxonomic relatedness of co-occurring species. Fecal indicator bacteria may survive for prolonged periods of time in river water, but they formed an independent module which had fewer interactions with typical freshwater bacteria. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that nutrients and micropollutants [i.e., pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs)] exerted combined effects in shaping α- and ß-diversity of riverine microbial communities. Remarkably, we showed that a hitherto unrecognized disruptive effect of PPCPs on the abundance variations of central species and module communities was stronger than the influence of physicochemical factors, suggesting the key role played by micropollutants for the microbial co-occurrence relationships in lotic ecosystems. Overall, our findings provide novel insights into community assembly in aquatic environments experiencing anthropogenic stresses.

Molecular Mapping of the Stripe Rust Resistance Gene Yr69 on Wheat Chromosome 2AS.

Wheat is one of the major food crops in the world. Stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, is an economically important disease that affects wheat worldwide. The discovery of novel resistance genes and the deployment of effectively resistant cultivars are important for the ongoing control of wheat stripe rust and the maintenance of the agricultural productivity of wheat. CH7086, a new stripe rust-resistant wheat introgression line, was selected by crossing susceptible cultivars with the resistant Thinopyrum ponticum-derived partial amphiploid Xiaoyan 7430. The resistance of CH7086 is effective against all current Chinese P. striiformis f. sp. tritici races. CH7086 was crossed with the stripe rust-susceptible cultivars to develop F1, F2, F3, and BC1 populations for genetic analysis. Segregation in the F2 and BC1 populations and F2:3 lines were tested for resistance against the P. striiformis f. sp. tritici race CYR32. This test showed that CH7086 carries a single dominant gene for stripe rust resistance, which was temporarily designated YrCH86. The closest of the eight simple sequence repeat (SSR) and expressed sequence tag-SSR markers flanking the locus were X2AS33, which is 1.9 cM distal, and Xmag3807, which is 3.1 cM proximal. The resistance gene and its polymorphic markers were placed in deletion bin 2AS-0.78-1.00 using the 'Chinese Spring' nullisomic-tetrasomic, ditelosomic, and deletion lines. The tests of both allelism and resistance specificity suggested that the resistance gene found in CH7086 was not Yr17, which was the only current formally named Yr gene on chromosome 2AS. Thus, YrCH86 appeared to be a new locus and was permanently designated Yr69.

Biogeography of Planktonic and Benthic Archaeal Communities in a Subtropical Eutrophic Estuary of China.

Mounting evidence suggests that Archaea are widespread and abundant in aquatic and terrestrial habitats and play fundamental roles in global biogeochemical cycles, yet the pattern and its ecological drivers of biogeographic distribution of archaeal community in estuarine ecosystem are still not well understood. Here, we investigated planktonic and benthic archaeal communities in the human-impacted Jiulong River estuary (JRE), southern China by using real-time PCR (RT-PCR) and Illumina 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) amplicon sequencing. RT-PCR analysis indicated that Archaea accounted for an average of 0.79 and 5.31 % of prokaryotic biomass in water and sediment samples of the JRE, respectively. The diversity of planktonic archaeal community decreased gradually from the river runoff to seawater, whereas that of benthic community did not show the similar pattern. The results of taxonomic assignments indicated that Thaumarchaeota (Nitrosopumilus and Cenarchaeum), Methanocorpusculum, and Methanospirillum were significantly more abundant in planktonic than benthic communities, whereas the relative abundances of Miscellaneous Crenarchaeotic Group, Marine Benthic Group-B/-D, anaerobic methane-oxidizing Archaea -1/-2D, and South Africa Gold Mine Euryarchaeotic Group 1 were higher in sediments than in surface waters. Moreover, planktonic archaeal community composition varied significantly at broad and finer-scale taxonomic levels along the salinity gradient. Multivariate statistical analyses revealed that salinity is the main factor structuring the JRE planktonic but not benthic archaeal community at both total community and population level. SourceTrakcer analysis indicated that river might be a major source of archaea in the freshwater zone of the JRE. Overall, this study advances our understanding of the biogeographic patterns and its ecological drivers of estuarine archaeal communities.

Mapping of Powdery Mildew Resistance Gene pmCH89 in a Putative Wheat-Thinopyrum intermedium Introgression Line.

Powdery mildew, caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (Bgt), is a globally serious disease adversely affecting wheat production. The Bgt-resistant wheat breeding line CH09W89 was derived after backcrossing a Bgt resistant wheat-Thinopyrum intermedium partial amphiploid TAI7045 with susceptible wheat cultivars. At the seedling stage, CH09W89 exhibited immunity or high resistance to Bgt pathotypes E09, E20, E21, E23, E26, Bg1, and Bg2, similar to its donor line TAI7045 and Th. intermedium. No Th. intermedium chromatin was detected based on genomic in situ hybridization of mitotic chromosomes. To determine the mode of inheritance of the Bgt resistance and the chromosomal location of the resistance gene, CH09W89 was crossed with two susceptible wheat cultivars. The results of the genetic analysis showed that the adult resistance to Bgt E09 in CH09W89 was controlled by a single recessive gene, which was tentatively designated as pmCH89. Two polymorphic SSR markers, Xwmc310 and Xwmc125, were linked to the resistance gene with genetic distances 3.1 and 2.7 cM, respectively. Using the Chinese Spring aneuploid and deletion lines, the resistance gene and its linked markers were assigned to chromosome arm 4BL in the bin 0.68-0.78. Due to its unique position on chromosome 4BL, pmCH89 appears to be a new locus for resistance to powdery mildew. These results will be of benefit for improving powdery mildew resistance in wheat breeding programs.

Alternations of antibiotic resistance genes and microbial community dynamics on shared bicycles before and after pandemic lockdown.

The prevalence of shared bicycles has raised concerns over their potential to transmit pathogens and microbes harboring antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), which pose significant human health risks. This study investigated the impact of anthropogenic activities on the composition of ARGs and microbial communities on shared bicycles during the COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent lockdown when shared bicycle usage was altered. A total of 600 swab samples from shared bicycle surfaces were collected in Shanghai before and during COVID-19 lockdown periods. Even during lockdown, 12 out of 14 initially detected ARG subtypes persisted, indicating their tenacity in the face of reduced anthropogenic activities. These ARGs displayed significantly higher absolute and relative abundance levels before the lockdown. In addition, the percentage of potential pathogens in the total microbial abundance remained at 0.029 % during the lockdown, which was lower than the pre-lockdown percentage of 0.035 % and suggested that these risks persist within shared bicycle systems. Interestingly, although microbial abundance decreased without the consecutive use of shared bicycles during lockdown, the microbial diversity increased under the impact of restricted anthropogenic activities (p < 0.001). This emphasizes the need for continuous monitoring and research to comprehend microbial community behaviors in various environments. This study uncovered the underlying impacts of the COVID-19 lockdown on the microbial and ARG communities of shared bicycles, providing comprehensive insights into the health management of shared transportation. Although lockdown can decrease the abundance of ARGs and potential pathogens, additional interventions are needed to prevent their continued spread.

Amplified and distinctive genotoxicity of titanium dioxide nanoparticles in transformed yeast reporters with human cytochrome P450 (CYP) genes.

Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nTiO2) have been considered a possible carcinogen to humans, but most existing studies have overlooked the role of human enzymes in assessing the genotoxicity of nTiO2. Here, a toxicogenomics-based in vitro genotoxicity assay using a GFP-fused yeast reporter library was employed to elucidate the genotoxic potential and mechanisms of nTiO2. Moreover, two new GFP-fused yeast reporter libraries containing either human CYP1A1 or CYP1A2 genes were constructed by transformation to investigate the potential modulation of nTiO2 genotoxicity in the presence of human CYP enzymes. This study found a lack of appreciable nTiO2 genotoxicity as indicated by the yeast reporter library in the absence of CYP expression but a significantly elevated indication of genotoxicity in either CYP1A1- or CYP1A2-expressing yeast. The intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) measurement indicated significantly higher ROS in yeast expressing either enzyme. The detected mitochondrial DNA damage suggested mitochondria as one of the target sites for oxidative damage by nTiO2 in the presence of either one of the CYP enzymes. The results thus indicated that the genotoxicity of nTiO2 was enhanced by human CYP1A1 or CYP1A2 enzyme and was associated with elevated oxidative stress, which suggested that the similar mechanisms could occur in human cells.

Vacuum-assisted closure versus conventional dressing in necrotizing fasciitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Necrotizing fasciitis is a rapid and severe soft tissue infection that targets subcutaneous fat tissue, muscle, and fascia. This study compares the clinical outcomes of vacuum-assisted closure (VAC) versus conventional dressing on necrotizing fasciitis. METHODS: We systematically searched Embase, Cochrane, and PubMed for clinical trials (published between January 1, 1995 and September 30, 2021), which compared VAC with conventional dressing for necrotizing fasciitis. The mortality rate of necrotizing fasciitis was the primary outcome of this study. The number of debridements, the total length of hospital stay, and the complication rate were secondary outcomes. A random effects model assessed all pooled data. RESULTS: A total of 230 identified studies and seven controlled clinical trials met the inclusion criteria and were included in this analysis (n = 249 participants). Compared to the conventional dressing, patients treated with VAC had a significantly lower mortality rate [OR = 0.27, 95% CI (0.09, 0.87)] (P = 0.03). Total length of hospital stays [MD = 8.46, 95% CI (- 0.53, 17.45)] (P = 0.07), number of debridements [MD = 0.86, 95% CI (- 0.58, 2.30)] (P = 0.24), and complication rate [OR = 0.64, 95% CI (0.07, 5.94)] (P = 0.69) were not significant. These results did not show significant differences between both groups treated with VAC or conventional treatment. CONCLUSION: VAC could significantly decrease the death rate compared to conventional dressing. No significant impacts were found on the number of debridements, the total length of hospital stay, and the complication rate in this study. Level of evidence Level-III. Registration Research Registry (reviewregistry1246).

Referral criteria to palliative care for patients with Parkinson's disease: a systematic review.

OBJECTIVE: This systematic review aimed to identify the referral criteria for palliative care in patients with Parkinson's disease. METHODS: We conducted an electronic search for publications on referral criteria for palliative care in patients with Parkinson's disease in six electronic databases. The articles were thoroughly reviewed by two independent reviewers for inclusion using a predefined data extraction list. The referral criteria were thematically classified using a coding methodology. RESULTS: This systematic review included 36 publications. We identified 14 referral criteria themes. The most common referral indicators were functional decline (n = 11 [31%]), needs assessment tools (n = 11 [31%]), physical or emotional symptoms (n = 10[28%]), need for palliative care (n = 10 [28%]), decision support (n = 9 [25%]), advanced Parkinson's disease (n = 7[19%]), and diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (n = 7 [19%]). However, there was a lack of consensus on symptom assessment tools. In addition, there were no agreed cut-offs or defined time for palliative care referral for patients with Parkinson's disease. CONCLUSIONS: The 14 themes identified in this systematic review were categorized into disease- and needs-based criteria. These themes show the wide range of referral timing and procedures. Further studies should be conducted to reveal standardized referral criteria.

Despite evidence showing the benefits of palliative care in patients with Parkinson's disease, there is a lack of consensus on when, how, and why patients with Parkinson's disease should be referred for palliative care. This manuscript summarizes and evaluates the criteria taken into account when making a palliative care referral for patients with Parkinson's disease. We identified 925 publications. However, only 36 publications were included in the final analysis. Furthermore, we identified 14 themes that were categorized into disease- and needs-based criteria. This systematic review emphasizes the wide range of referral timing and procedures. Moreover, there is a need for more research to reveal standardized referral criteria.

Network analysis reveals significant joint effects of microplastics and tetracycline on the gut than the gill microbiome of marine medaka.

Microplastics could accumulate and enrich antibiotics in the aquatic environment. Despite this, the joint effects of microplastics and antibiotics on aquatic organisms are not clear. Here, we investigated the changes of microbial interactions in both gill and gut of marine medaka exposed to polystyrene microbeads (PS) and/or tetracycline for 30 days by using co-occurrence network analysis based on 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequences. We found that the single and combined effects of PS and tetracycline were more profound on the gut than on the gill microbiome. SourceTracker analysis showed that the relative contributions from the gill microbiome to the gut microbiome increased under combined exposure. Moreover, the combined exposure reduced the complexity and stability of the gut microbial network more than those induced by any single exposure, suggesting the synergistic effects of PS and tetracycline on the gut microbiome. The PS and tetracycline combined exposure also caused a shift in the keystone taxa of the gut microbial network. However, no similar pattern was found for gill microbial networks. Furthermore, single and combined exposure to PS and/or tetracycline altered the associations between the gut network taxa and indicator liver metabolites. Altogether, these findings enhanced our understanding of the hazards of the co-occurring environmental microplastics and antibiotics to the fish commensal microbiome.

Barriers and motivators to promotion of physical activity participation for older adults with mild cognitive impairment or dementia: An umbrella review.

BACKGROUND: Due to the growing aging population worldwide, cognitive disorders including mild cognitive impairment and dementia is considered a major public health priority. Currently, physical activity is a promising non-drug therapy, however, people with mild cognitive impairment or dementia are more likely to be physically inactive. OBJECTIVE: To identify the barriers and motivators affecting participation in physical activity in older people with mild cognitive impairment or dementia. DESIGN: An umbrella review. METHODS: The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology for umbrella reviews was adopted in this study. We searched the PubMed, Embase, Web of science, CINAHL, Cochrane, Scopus and Proquest to identify relevant articles published in English from inception to October 2022. Two researchers independently screened and selected articles against preselected inclusion criteria. Eligible studies were appraised for methodological quality using the combined Meta Quality Appraisal Tool and Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews Tool. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment Development and Evaluation- Confidence in the Evidence from Reviews of Qualitative Research tool was employed to determine the confidence level in the evidence of the extracted factors. Theoretical Domain Framework (TDF) was used to map barriers and motivators to physical activity participation. Behavior change techniques (BCTs) was utilized to develop theoretically-informed implementation strategies. RESULTS: Fourteen relevant reviews (covered over 219 primary studies) were included in this review. A total of 31 factors were identified from the selected reviews. Three factors with the strongest supporting evidence for their influence on participation were: resources/material resources, social support, and perceived competence. According to the behavior change techniques, six implementation strategies (providing supervision, developing tailored interventions, providing safe and promoting environment, helping to increase participants' motivation and adherence, integrating all kinds of social support, and providing suitable staffing) were developed. CONCLUSIONS: The evidence presented in this umbrella review suggests that a multilevel stakeholder approach and a system-wide viewpoint should be adopted. Through the Theoretical Domain Framework, we not only identified construct factors for future interventions, but also revealed understudied fields in this research areas. This umbrella review generates data that is expected to inform the development of implementation strategies based on the intervention-mapping approach, which will promote participation in physical activity. REGISTRATION: This study was registered with the PROSPERO (CRD42022371535).