Are Chinese Students Willing to Learn and Perform Bystander Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation?

BACKGROUND: Immediate cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) can improve survival rate from cardiac arrest and students are potentially important bystander CPR providers. OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to investigate the willingness among Chinese students to learn and perform bystander CPR. METHODS: Questionnaires were distributed to 1407 students. The survey investigated the willingness to learn and perform bystander CPR and the barriers to performing CPR on family members and strangers, assuming that students had mastered CPR. RESULTS: Only 14.6% of respondents reported having ever attended CPR training classes, however, 88.3% expressed their willingness to learn. The main characteristics of the students who were willing to learn were the following: they considered the development of the local emergency system excellent (odds ratio [OR] = 3.15); cardiovascular diseases were present within their family (OR = 2.74); and they had previously heard about CPR (OR = 2.43). Almost all respondents (94.6%) reported that they would conduct bystander CPR on family members, while only 59.7% of respondents would do it for strangers. A lack of confidence was the principal barrier to doing CPR for family members (78.4%) and the leading barrier to stranger CPR was the fear of legal liability if their lifesaving attempts failed (90.8%). The complicated process of performing CPR was also a major barrier in both scenarios. CONCLUSIONS: When there is a great desire to learn CPR, the rate and effect of training can be significantly improved by providing students with regular CPR training, especially compression-only CPR training. Training classes should focus on enhancing the participants' confidence. In addition, legislation by the government is needed to protect the rescuers.

Humification and fungal community succession during pig manure composting: Membrane covering and mature compost addition.

The objective of this study was to elucidate the combined effect of a semi-permeable membrane (M) and mature compost (MC) on humification and fungal community succession in pig manure composting. Compared with the control, the concentrations of humic substances (HSs) increased by 44.54 % (M + 15 % MC) and 43.90 % (M). During the thermophilic phase, Aspergillus (67.26 %) was the dominant genus in the M + 15 % MC treatment. Membrane covering increased the relative abundance (RA) of other phyla (except for Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes) on the 14th day and Basidiomycetes on the 80th day in M treatment. Humic acid, HSs were positively correlated with the RA of genera Myceliophthora, Kernia, and Mycothermus. Myceliophthora was the key genus in the M + 15 % MC treatment on the 80th day. The results showed that 15 % MC addition under membrane covering optimizes the quality of composting products.

Public knowledge and willingness in the use of public access defibrillation of Hubei Province in China: A cross-sectional study.

To understand the current status of public knowledge of automated external defibrillator (AED) and their willingness to use public AED in Hubei Province, along with the influencing factors. A self-designed questionnaire was used for convenience sampling of the public in Hubei Province. The questionnaire consists of three parts: basic information, AED knowledge questions, and willingness to use public AED and influencing factors. Data was collected between May 2022 and March 2023. A total of 1561 valid questionnaires were collected from 1602 distributed. In the study conducted in Hubei Province, it was found that 875 respondents (56.05%) had knowledge of automated external defibrillator, and they achieved an average score of 39.27 ± 29.17. The pass rate for the survey was 28.11%. Several factors were identified as significant influencing factors, including gender, age, education level, occupation related to medicine, residential location in the past three years, family members with cardiovascular disease, marital status, residential population density, whether there are family members over 65 years old, and participation in AED-related training (P < .05).Furthermore, 692 respondents (72.99%) expressed their willingness to cardiopulmonary resuscitation for someone experiencing cardiac arrest. On the other hand, 686 respondents (43.95%) had no knowledge of AED. Among those who were not willing to perform defibrillation, the highest percentages cited "fear of incorrect use" (129, 31.2%) and "fear of harming the patient" (121, 29.3%) as their reasons. The study also found statistically significant differences in the willingness to use public AED based on participation in training, education level, residential location, family members with cardiovascular disease, population density, and the presence of elderly family members aged 65 or over (P < .05). In conclusion, the study highlights the general lack of public knowledge regarding AED in Hubei Province. However, there is a strong willingness among respondents to provide help during cardiac arrest situations. To improve the chances of survival for cardiac arrest patients, it is crucial to strengthen public AED training programs.

Humification improvement by optimizing particle size of bulking agent and relevant mechanisms during swine manure composting.

For purpose of clarifying the impact on particle size of bulking agents on humification and relevant mechanisms, different length (<2 cm, 2 cm, 5 cm, 10 cm) of branch and straw were blended with swine manure individually for 100 days aerobic composting. Results demonstrated that, 2 cm and 5 cm of branch and straw promoted the highest degradation of DOC by 41.49 % and 58.42 %, and increased the humic substances by 23.81 % and 55.82 % in maturity stage, respectively, compared with other treatments. As shown in microbial consequence, the maximum relative abundance of humus funguses increased by 99.55 % and 99.92 % at phylum, and 98.95 % and 99.24 % at genus in 2 cm and 5 cm of branch and straw treatment, thus verifying the result in variation of humus content. In a word, particle size could result in obvious impact on humification, and the optimized size were about 2 cm and 5 cm of branch and straw.

Exploring gaseous emissions and pivotal enzymatic activity during co-composting of branch and pig manure: The effect of particle size of bulking agents.

The purpose of current study was to probe the effect of various length of branch on gaseous emissions and vital enzymatic activity. Four lengths (< 2 cm, 2 cm, 5 cm, and > 5 cm) of clipped branch were mingled with collected pig manure for 100 days aerobic fermentation. The consequence demonstrated that the amendment of 2 cm of branch showed conducive to decline the greenhouse gas emissions, which the CH4 emissions decreased by 1.62-40.10%, and the N2O emissions decreased by 21.91-34.04% contrasted with other treatments. Furthermore, the peak degree of enzymatic activities was also observed in 2 cm of branch treatment by the optimizing living condition for microbes. In view of microbiological indicators, the most abundant and complex bacterial community could be monitor in 2 cm of branch composting pile, which verified the microbial facilitation. Summing up, the strategy of 2 cm branch amendment would be recommended.

Fear of Pain as a Predictor for Postoperative Pain Intensity among the Patients Undergoing Thoracoscopic Surgery.

Background: Fear of pain (FOP) has been recognized as an influential moderator and determinant of the perception and disability of chronic pain. However, studies on FOP in postoperative acute pain are few and inconsistent. Objective: To explore whether FOP is related to pain intensity after thoracic surgery and provide a reference for FOP study in postoperative pain. Methods: From February to March 2022, 89 patients completed Chinese Version of Fear of Pain-9 Items (FOP-9), Chinese version of the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI, including least, worst, and average pain) and Simplified Chinese version of the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS). Correlation analyses and mediation analyses were used for exploring the relationship between factors. Results: Mediation analyses showed that the total effects of FOP-9 on BPI all were significant (least pain: effect = 0.085, p=0.013, 95% CI = 0.019∼0.151; worst pain: effect = 0.116, p=0.004, 95% CI = 0.037∼0.196; average pain: effect = 0.102, p=0.005, 95% CI = 0.031∼0.174) indicating that FOP-9 was a predictor to BPI. The 95% bias-corrected bootstrap confidence interval of estimate of indirect effect between FOP-9 and least pain/average pain through PCS was -0.036∼0.024 and -0.003∼0.069 (all contain zero), which indicated that PCS is not a mediator between FOP-9 and least pain/average pain. However, the estimate of indirect effect between FOP-9 and worst pain through PCS were 0.048 (95% CI = 0.095∼0.088), and direct effect was not statistically significant (95% CI = -0.017∼0.153), indicating that PCS acted as a complete intermediary between FOP-9 and worst pain. FOP-9 and PCS showed significant positive prediction effect on worst pain. Conclusions: Both trait FOP and state FOP were associated with higher postoperative pain reports after thoracic surgery. Trait FOP influences postoperative pain through the mediating effect of state FOP.