Genome-wide identification, stress- and hormone-responsive expression characteristics, and regulatory pattern analysis of Scutellaria baicalensis SbSPLs.

SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKEs (SPLs) encode plant-specific transcription factors that regulate plant growth and development, stress response, and metabolite accumulation. However, there is limited information on Scutellaria baicalensis SPLs. In this study, 14 SbSPLs were identified and divided into 8 groups based on phylogenetic relationships. SbSPLs in the same group had similar structures. Abscisic acid-responsive (ABRE) and MYB binding site (MBS) cis-acting elements were found in the promoters of 8 and 6 SbSPLs. Segmental duplications and transposable duplications were the main causes of SbSPL expansion. Expression analysis based on transcriptional profiling showed that SbSPL1, SbSPL10, and SbSPL13 were highly expressed in roots, stems, and flowers, respectively. Expression analysis based on quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT‒qPCR) showed that most SbSPLs responded to low temperature, drought, abscisic acid (ABA) and salicylic acid (SA), among which the expression levels of SbSPL7/9/10/12 were significantly upregulated in response to abiotic stress. These results indicate that SbSPLs are involved in the growth, development and stress response of S. baicalensis. In addition, 8 Sba-miR156/157 s were identified, and SbSPL1-5 was a potential target of Sba-miR156/157 s. The results of target gene prediction and coexpression analysis together indicated that SbSPLs may be involved in the regulation of L-phenylalanine (L-Phe), lignin and jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis. In summary, the identification and characterization of the SbSPL gene family lays the foundation for functional research and provides a reference for improved breeding of S. baicalensis stress resistance and quality traits.

Integration of machine learning for developing a prognostic signature related to programmed cell death in colorectal cancer.

BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer (CRC) presents a significant global health burden, characterized by a heterogeneous molecular landscape and various genetic and epigenetic alterations. Programmed cell death (PCD) plays a critical role in CRC, offering potential targets for therapy by regulating cell elimination processes that can suppress tumor growth or trigger cancer cell resistance. Understanding the complex interplay between PCD mechanisms and CRC pathogenesis is crucial. This study aims to construct a PCD-related prognostic signature in CRC using machine learning integration, enhancing the precision of CRC prognosis prediction. METHOD: We retrieved expression data and clinical information from the Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets. Fifteen forms of PCD were identified, and corresponding gene sets were compiled. Machine learning algorithms, including Lasso, Ridge, Enet, StepCox, survivalSVM, CoxBoost, SuperPC, plsRcox, random survival forest (RSF), and gradient boosting machine, were integrated for model construction. The models were validated using six GEO datasets, and the programmed cell death score (PCDS) was established. Further, the model's effectiveness was compared with 109 transcriptome-based CRC prognostic models. RESULT: Our integrated model successfully identified differentially expressed PCD-related genes and stratified CRC samples into four subtypes with distinct prognostic implications. The optimal combination of machine learning models, RSF + Ridge, showed superior performance compared with traditional methods. The PCDS effectively stratified patients into high-risk and low-risk groups, with significant survival differences. Further analysis revealed the prognostic relevance of immune cell types and pathways associated with CRC subtypes. The model also identified hub genes and drug sensitivities relevant to CRC prognosis. CONCLUSION: The current study highlights the potential of integrating machine learning models to enhance the prediction of CRC prognosis. The developed prognostic signature, which is related to PCD, holds promise for personalized and effective therapeutic interventions in CRC.

Assessment of Autologous Blood marker localIzation and intraoperative coLonoscopy localIzation in laparoscopic colorecTal cancer surgery (ABILITY): a randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic colorectal surgery has been proved to have similar oncological outcomes with open surgery. Due to the lack of tactile perception, surgeons may have misjudgments in laparoscopic colorectal surgery. Therefore, the accurate localization of a tumor before surgery is important, especially in the early stages of cancer. Autologous blood was thought a feasible and safe tattooing agent for preoperative endoscopic localization but its benefits remain controversial. We therefore proposed this randomized trial to the accuracy and safety of autogenous blood localization in small, serosa-negative lesion which will be resected by laparoscopic colectomy. METHODS: The current study is a single-center, open-label, non-inferiority, randomized controlled trial. Eligible participants would be aged 18-80 years and diagnosed with large lateral spreading tumors that could not be treated endoscopically, malignant polyps treated endoscopically that required additional colorectal resection, and serosa-negative malignant colorectal tumors (≤ cT3). A total of 220 patients would be randomly assigned (1:1) to autologous blood group or intraoperative colonoscopy group. The primary outcome is the localization accuracy. The secondary endpoint is adverse events related to endoscopic tattooing. DISCUSSION: This trial will investigate whether autologous blood marker achieves similar localization accuracy and safety in laparoscopic colorectal surgery compared to intraoperative colonoscopy. If our research hypothesis is statistically proved, the rational introduction of autologous blood tattooing in preoperative colonoscopy can help improve identification of the location of tumors for laparoscopic colorectal cancer surgery, performing an optimal resection, and minimizing unnecessary resections of normal tissues, thereby improving the patient's quality of life. Our research data will also provide high quality clinical evidence and data support for the conduction of multicenter phase III clinical trials. TRIAL REGISTRATION: This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05597384. Registered 28 October 2022.

Evaluation of virulence of Klebsiella pneumoniae using zebrafish behavior as a biological indicator.

INTRODUCTION: Klebsiella pneumoniae is one of the common pathogenic bacteria that can cause infections in hospitals and communities and can cause respiratory, urinary, and other multi-system infections. In recent years, the emergence of highly virulent and drug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae has greatly increased the difficulty of treatment for infection. Clinically, it is very important to accurately judge the virulence of isolated Klebsiella pneumoniae for treatment, but there is no better method to evaluate its virulence. METHODS: In this study, zebrafish were used as a model organism, and the swimming distance was used as a detection index to identify clinically isolated Klebsiella pneumoniae. In this study, we selected two different strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae, i.e., NTUH-K2044 and ATCC BAA-1705, with known high and low virulence, respectively, to infect zebrafish juveniles and evaluated their behavioral ability according to different bacterial concentrations and different developmental times. RESULTS: It was found that highly virulent Klebsiella pneumoniae caused a significant decrease in the behavioral ability of zebrafish larvae, while low-virulence Klebsiella pneumoniae had relatively little effect. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that it is entirely feasible to assess the virulence of Klebsiella pneumoniae based on behavioral ability.

Supervised Manifold Learning Based on Multi-Feature Information Discriminative Fusion within an Adaptive Nearest Neighbor Strategy Applied to Rolling Bearing Fault Diagnosis.

Rolling bearings are a key component for ensuring the safe and smooth operation of rotating machinery and are very prone to failure. Therefore, intelligent fault diagnosis research on rolling bearings has become a crucial task in the field of mechanical fault diagnosis. This paper proposes research on the fault diagnosis of rolling bearings based on an adaptive nearest neighbor strategy and the discriminative fusion of multi-feature information using supervised manifold learning (AN-MFIDFS-Isomap). Firstly, an adaptive nearest neighbor strategy is proposed using the Euclidean distance and cosine similarity to optimize the selection of neighboring points. Secondly, three feature space transformation and feature information extraction methods are proposed, among which an innovative exponential linear kernel function is introduced to provide new feature information descriptions for the data, enhancing feature sensitivity. Finally, under the adaptive nearest neighbor strategy, a novel AN-MFIDFS-Isomap algorithm is proposed for rolling bearing fault diagnosis by fusing various feature information and classifiers through discriminative fusion with label information. The proposed AN-MFIDFS-Isomap algorithm is validated on the CWRU open dataset and our experimental dataset. The experiments show that the proposed method outperforms other traditional manifold learning methods in terms of data clustering and fault diagnosis.

Quality and accuracy of gastric cancer related videos in social media videos platforms.

BACKGROUND: Gastric cancer is a major public health problem worldwide. Social media has affected public's daily lives in ways no one ever thought possible. Both TikoTok and its Chinese version Douyin are the most popular short video posting platform. This study aimed to evaluate the quality, accuracy, and completeness of videos for gastric cancer on TikTok and Douyin. METHODS: The terms "gastric cancer" was searched on TikTok in both English and Japanese, and on Douyin in Chinese. The first 100 videos in three languages (website's default setting) were checked. QUality Evaluation Scoring Tool (QUEST) and DISCERN as the instrument for assessing the quality of the information in each video. Content was analysed under six categories (aetiology, anatomy, symptoms, preventions, treatments, and prognosis). The educational value and completeness were evaluated with a checklist developed by the researchers. RESULTS: A total of 78 videos in English, 63 in Japanese, and 99 in Chinese were analyzed. The types of sources were as follows: 6.4% in English, 4.8% in Japanese, and 57.6% in Chinese for health professionals; 93.6% in English, 95.2% in Japanese, and 3.0% in Chinese for private users; none in English and Japanese, but 39.4% in Chinese for other sources. In all, 20.5% in English, 17.5% in Japanese, and 93.9% in Chinese of videos had useful information about gastric cancer. Among the useful videos, the videos published in Chinese had the highest QUEST(p < 0.05) and DISCERN scores(p < 0.05), followed by those published in Japanese. Among the educational videos, prognosis in English (37.5%), symptoms in Japanese (54.5%), and prevention in Chinese (47.3%) were the most frequently covered topic. CONCLUSIONS: TikTok in English and Japanese might not fully meet the gastric cancer information needs of public, but Douyin in Chinese was the opposite.

MiR-181a-5p Delivered by Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Exosomes Alleviates Klebsiella pneumonia Infection-Induced Lung Injury by Targeting STAT3 Signaling.

Background: Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneu) is a leading cause of gram-negative pneumonia, which requires effective treatment. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell- (ADSC-) derived exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) have presented the inhibitory effect of multiple diseases. However, the function of ADSC-derived exosomal miRNAs in K. pneu remains unclear. Aim: In this study, we aimed to explore the effect of ADSC-derived exosomal miR-181-5p on K. pneu infection-induced lung injury. Methods: C57BL/6 mouse model was established by infection of K. pneu. ADSCs and exosomes were extracted and characterized in vitro. The translocation of ADSC-derived exosomes to bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) was detected. The level of miR-181a-5p was detected by real-time PCR. The secretion of inflammatory factors was determined by ELISA. The interaction between miR-181a-5p with STAT3 was identified. Results: We successfully isolated the ADSCs that express positive markers CD90 and CD105 rather than CD31 and CD45. The exosomal miR-181a-5p secreted by ADSCs were internalized by BMDM and K. pneu infection stimulated the miR-181a-5p level in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and BMDM. ADSC-derived exosomal miR-181a-5p repressed pulmonary outgrowth and dissemination of K. pneu infection in mice, repressed cellular infiltration in lung tissue, and attenuated the inflammasome activity and the levels of IL-1ß and IL-18 in the lung. Mechanically, miR-181a-5p was able to inhibit STAT3 expression at posttranscriptional levels and repressed Nlrp3 and Asc expression in BMDM. Conclusion: Consequently, we concluded that ADSC-derived exosomal miR-181a-5p alleviated Klebsiella pneumonia infection-induced lung injury by targeting STAT3 signaling. ADSC-derived exosomal miR-181a-5p may serve as a potential candidate for the treatment of Klebsiella pneumonia infection-induced lung injury.

Biomarker discovery in highly invasive lung cancer cell through proteomics approaches.

Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide. The most common type of lung cancer is non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). When NSCLC is detected, patients are typically already in a metastatic stage. Metastasized cancer is a major obstacle of effective treatment and understanding the mechanisms underlying metastasis is critical to treat cancer. Herein, we selected an invasive subpopulation from the human lung cancer cell line A549 using the transwell system and named it as A549-I5. Invasive and migratory activities of this cell line were analysed using wound healing, invasion, and migration assays. In addition, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers, such as Snail 1, Twist, Vimentin, N-cadherin and E-cadherin, were assessed through immunoblotting. In comparison to A549 cells, the invasive A549-I5 lung cancer cells had enhanced invasiveness, motility and EMT marker expression. Proteomic analysis identified 83 significantly differentially expressed proteins in A549-I5 cells. These identified proteins were classified according to their cellular functions and most were involved in cytoskeleton, redox regulation, protein degradation and protein folding. In summary, our results provide potential diagnostic markers and therapeutic candidates for the treatment of NSCLC metastasis. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY: When NSCLC is detected, most patients are already in a metastatic stage. Herein, we selected an invasive subpopulation from a human lung cancer cell line which had increased EMT markers as well as high wound healing, invasion and migration abilities. Proteomic analysis identified numerous proteins associated with functions in cytoskeleton, redox regulation, protein degradation and protein folding that were differentially expressed in these cells. These results may provide potential diagnostic markers and therapeutic candidates for the treatment of NSCLC metastasis.

Revisiting the Atomistic Structures at the Interface of Au(111) Electrode-Sulfuric Acid Solution.

Knowledge of atomistic structures at solid/liquid interfaces is essential to elucidate interfacial processes in chemistry, physics, and materials sciences. The (√3 × âˆš7) structure associated with a pair of sharp reversible current spikes in the cyclic voltammogram on a Au(111) electrode in sulfuric acid solution represents one of the most classical ordered structures at electrode/electrolyte interfaces. Although more than 10 adsorption configurations have been proposed in the past four decades, the atomistic structure remains ambiguous and is consequently an open problem in electrochemistry and surface science. Herein, by combining high-resolution electrochemical scanning tuning microscopy, electrochemical infrared and Raman spectroscopies, and, in particular, the newly developed quantitative computational method for electrochemical infrared and Raman spectra, we unambiguously reveal that the adstructure is Au(111)(√3 × âˆš7)-(SO4···w2) with a sulfate anion (SO4*) and two structured water molecules (w2*) in a unit cell, and the crisscrossed [w···SO4···w]n and [w···w···]n hydrogen-bonding network comprises the symmetric adstructure. We further elucidate that the electrostatic potential energy dictates the proton affinity of sulfate anions, leading to the potential-tuned structural transformations. Our work enlightens the structural details of the inner Helmholtz plane and thus advances our fundamental understanding of the processes at electrochemical interfaces.

Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy for Bioanalysis: Reliability and Challenges.

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) inherits the rich chemical fingerprint information on Raman spectroscopy and gains sensitivity by plasmon-enhanced excitation and scattering. In particular, most Raman peaks have a narrow width suitable for multiplex analysis, and the measurements can be conveniently made under ambient and aqueous conditions. These merits make SERS a very promising technique for studying complex biological systems, and SERS has attracted increasing interest in biorelated analysis. However, there are still great challenges that need to be addressed until it can be widely accepted by the biorelated communities, answer interesting biological questions, and solve fatal clinical problems. SERS applications in bioanalysis involve the complex interactions of plasmonic nanomaterials with biological systems and their environments. The reliability becomes the key issue of bioanalytical SERS in order to extract meaningful information from SERS data. This review provides a comprehensive overview of bioanalytical SERS with the main focus on the reliability issue. We first introduce the mechanism of SERS to guide the design of reliable SERS experiments with high detection sensitivity. We then introduce the current understanding of the interaction of nanomaterials with biological systems, mainly living cells, to guide the design of functionalized SERS nanoparticles for target detection. We further introduce the current status of label-free (direct) and labeled (indirect) SERS detections, for systems from biomolecules, to pathogens, to living cells, and we discuss the potential interferences from experimental design, measurement conditions, and data analysis. In the end, we give an outlook of the key challenges in bioanalytical SERS, including reproducibility, sensitivity, and spatial and time resolution.

Serum Homocysteine Levels and Microalbuminuria in Patient with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.

BACKGROUND: At present, the relationship between serum homocysteine and microalbuminuria (MAU) in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients is still unclear. Therefore, the aim of our study was to analyze the association between serum homocysteine and MAU in SLE patients. METHODS: The study analyzed 150 patients with SLE at Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities retrospectively, and we collected for clinical and laboratory data. RESULTS: We found a positive correlation between serum homocysteine and MAU in SLE patients (r = 0.430, p < 0.001). We found that serum homocysteine levels were increased in SLE patients with MAU positive compared to those who were MAU negative (p < 0.001). After adjusting for multiple confounding factors, we found that serum homocysteine maintained a positive correlation with MAU in patients with SLE in multivariate correlation analysis (p = 0.253, r = 0.002). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve with an area under the curve of 0.730, and serum homocysteine had 72.2% sensitivity and 61.9% specificity with cutoff values 9.0 to identify the SLE patients with MAU positive. CONCLUSIONS: The current results found a correlation between serum homocysteine and MAU in SLE patients, suggesting that elevated serum homocysteine levels might be an adverse factor for SLE patients with kidney injury.

Stroke Care in the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College during the COVID-19 Outbreak.

Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) has become a pandemic disease globally. The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College has adopted telestroke to make stroke care accessible in remote areas. During the period January 2020 to March 2020, there was no COVID-19 case reported in our stroke center. A significant reduction of stroke admission was observed between the ischemic stroke group (235 vs. 588 cases) and the intracerebral hemorrhage group (136 vs. 150 cases) when compared with the same period last year (p < 0.001). The mean door-to-needle time (DNT) and door-to-puncture time (DPT) was 62 and 124 min, respectively. Compared to the same period last year, a significant change was observed in DNT (62 ± 12 vs. 47 ± 8 min, p = 0.019) but not in DPT (124 ± 58 vs. 135 ± 23 min, p = 0.682). A total of 46 telestroke consultations were received from network hospitals. Telestroke management in the central hospital was performed on 17 patients. Of them, 3 (17.6%) patients had brain hernia and died in hospital and 8 (47.1%) patients were able to ambulation at discharge and had a modified Rankin Scale of 0-2 at 3 months. The COVID-19 pandemic impacted stroke care significantly in our hospital, including prehospital and in-hospital settings, resulting in a significant drop in acute ischemic stroke admissions and a delay in DNT. The construction of a telestroke network enabled us to extend health-care resources and make stroke care accessible in remote areas. Stroke education and public awareness should be reinforced during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Iron-Catalyzed Direct Oxidative Alkylation and Hydroxylation of Indolin-2-ones with Alkyl-Substituted N-Heteroarenes.

Presented herein is the first direct alkylation and hydroxylation reaction between two different C(sp3 )-H bonds, indolin-2-ones and alkyl-substituted N-heteroarenes, through an oxidative cross-coupling reaction. The reaction is catalyzed by a simple iron salt under mild ligand-free and base-free conditions. The reaction is environmentally benign, employs air (molecular oxygen) as the terminal oxidant and oxygen source for the synthesis of O-containing compounds, and produces only water as the byproduct.

Glutathione modified Ag nanoparticles as efficient detector for pyrimethanil.

This work reports on glutathione modified Ag nanoparticles (GSH-Ag NPs) as a chemosensor for detecting pyrimethanil in an aqueous medium. The GSH-Ag NPs were expediently obtained by reducing AgNO3 with NaBH4 and modified with glutathione based on the Ag-S bond. The rapid discrimination for pyrimethanil from other pesticides exhibited the high selectivity of GSH-Ag NPs, then the selectivity was proved by 1H NMR, FT-IR and computational simulation. Based on the good properties of localized surface plasmon resonance, the selective recognition was transformed to visible optical signal in colorimetric test. Additionally the quantitative detection was achieved with good sensitivity and could be applied to analyze practical samples. The experimental results have shown a good linear relationship with pyrimethanil concentration ranging from 10 µM to 1 mM and a low detection limit of 3.87 µM.

Long non-coding RNA HOTAIR promotes expression of ADAMTS-5 in human osteoarthritic articular chondrocytes.

Accumulating evidence indicated that inhibiting the expression of a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS)-5 ameliorate cartilage degradation, suggesting ADAMTS-5 as an effective target for treating osteoarthritis (OA). A recent study has identified long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) HOTAIR and ADAMTS-5 as the most up-regulated lncRNA and the most upregulated gene, respectively, in human OA cartilage compared with normal cartilage. In the present study, we explored the regulatory effect of HOTAIR on the expression of ADAMTS-5 as well as the underlying mechanisms in human normal and OA articular chondrocytes. We found that human OA articular chondrocytes had significantly higher basal expression levels of HOTAIR and ADAMTS-5 than normal articular chondrocytes. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α significantly enhanced the basal expression of HOTAIR and ADAMTS-5 in OA but not in normal articular chondrocytes. Lentiviral overexpression and knockdown of HOTAIR markedly increased and decreased the expression of ADAMTS-5, respectively, in OA but not in normal articular chondrocytes in the presence or absence of TNF-α. Neither overexpression/ knockdown of HOTAIR nor TNF-α showed a significant effect on the ADAMTS-5 gene promoter in OA articular chondrocytes. Although HOTAIR showed no significant effect on the stability of ADAMTS-5 mRNA in normal articular chondrocytes, HOTAIR overexpression and knockdown respectively increased and decreased the ADAMTS-5 mRNA stability in OA articular chondrocytes. TNF-α enhanced the protective effect of HOTAIR on the ADAMTS-5 mRNA stability. In conclusion, this study provides the first evidence supporting that HOTAIR strongly promotes the expression of ADAMTS-5 by increasing its mRNA stability in human OA articular chondrocytes; this effect is enhanced by TNF-α. It adds new insights into the pathogenesis of OA and suggests that HOTAIR could be a new therapeutic target for ADAMTS-5 inhibition in human OA cartilage.

Study of a Laser Wavelength Correction Method Applied to the Measurement of OH Radical with Laser-Induced Fluor.

A method for dye laser wavelength correction applied for the measurement of OH radical with FAGE (Fluorescence Assay by Gas Expansion) is researched in this article. Sufficiently stable concentration of OH radical is produced with thermal dissociation of H2O by using an alumel filament and the fluorescence is excited with 282 nm laser in a low pressure cell. The fluorescence is detected with a photomultiplier and a high speed data acquisition card, while the laser light is monitored by a photodiode, and both signals are handled by a LabVIEW program for further analysis. The data acquisition card is triggered by a positive TTL pulse generated by a digital delay generator, which is triggered by a rising edge of a synchronized output pulse of the dye laser. The LabVIEW program is used to determine the location of the OH excited line according to the fluorescence intensity of OH radical when the frequency of the dye laser is scanned. By scanning dye laser wavelength range in 281.97~282.28 nm, excitation spectrum of OH radical is recorded. In order to optimize system parameters and achieve a high signal-to-noise ratio, the effects of the humidity, oxygen concentration, mass flow and pumping speed on fluorescence intensity and lifetime are studied at Q12 line and less than ±1.9% fluctuations of the fluorescence intensity is obtained. With analysis of the reaction mechanism of the thermal dissociation of H2O, it is concluded that reaction of oxygen and water is a major source of OH radical. Laser output wavelength is scanned in a small range around Q12 line to find out the exact exciting line and then correct the laser's output, which might slightly shift due to the environmental change and leads to reduction of fluorescence intensity. The wavelength correction procedure is implemented many times and the results show that the systematic error of the instrument is less than 0.1 pm. According to the experimental results, this method meets the needs of quantitative accurate measuring tropospheric OH radical by FAGE.

[Quality Optimization Method for Ambient CO(2) Inversion of High Resolution Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrum].

CO(2) retrievals with high quality facilitate resolving the sources and sinks of CO(2) are helpful in predicting the trend in climate change and understanding the global carbon cycle. Based on a nonlinear least squares spectral fitting algorithm, we investigate the optimization method for CO2 products derived from ground-based high resolution Fourier transform infrared spectra. The CO(2) vertical column densities (VCDs) are converted into column-averaged dry air mole fraction XCO(2) by using the fitted O(2) VCDs, and thus the system errors (e. g. pointing errors, ILS errors, zero-level offset) are corrected greatly. The virtual daily variation which is related to air mass factor is corrected with an empirical model. The spectra screening rule proposed in this paper can greatly improve the XCO2 quality. The CO(2) retrievals before and after the optimized method are compared using a typical CO(2) daily time series. After using the optimized method, the fitting error is reduced by 60%, and the two-hours-averaged precision is ~0.071% (equals to ~0.28 ppm), which is perfectly in line with the TCCON (the total carbon column observing network) threshold, i. e., less than 0.1%.

PGRMC1 contributes to doxorubicin-induced chemoresistance in MES-SA uterine sarcoma.

Chemotherapy is one of the major categories of medical oncology and a primary tumor treatment; however, the effectiveness of chemotherapy is restricted by drug resistance. Overcoming resistance to chemotherapy and investigating molecular targeted therapies are challenges currently faced during resistance management. Progesterone receptor membrane component 1 (PGRMC1) is an adapter protein mediating cholesterol synthesis, steroid signaling, and cytochrome p450 activation. Attention has recently focused on the role of PGRMC1 in cell survival, anti-apoptosis, and damage response. In the present study, we used knockdown and overexpression approaches in the following set of uterine sarcoma models to further evaluate the role of PGRMC1 in drug resistance: the doxorubicin-sensitive MES-SA cells and the doxorubicin-resistant MES-SA/DxR-2 µM and MES-SA/DxR-8 µM cells (with different levels of doxorubicin resistance). PGRMC1 repressed doxorubicin-induced cytotoxicity and exhibited an anti-apoptotic effect; it also promoted cell proliferation and cell cycle progression to the S phase. Of note, PGRMC1 overexpression led to the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of the sensitive MES-SA cells, thus facilitating their migration and invasion. The combination of PGRMC1 knockdown and the P-glycoprotein inhibitor verapamil significantly decreased the viability of P-glycoprotein-overexpressing MES-SA/DxR-8 µM cells after doxorubicin treatment. Taken together, our results show that PGRMC1 contributed to chemoresistance through cell proliferation, anti-apoptosis, and EMT induction, leading to the suggestion that PGRMC1 may serve as a therapeutic target in combination with an inhibitor in different drug resistance pathways and indicating the usefulness of predictive resistance biomarkers in uterine sarcoma.

Nocturnal Atmospheric NO3 Radical Monitoring and Analysis in Beijing with Cavity Ring Down System .

The oxidizability of NO3 radical in the nocturnal atmosphere is comparable with that of diurnal OH radical. Given the importance of NO3 radical in the nocturnal chemical process, accurate measurement of its concentration and analysis its nocturnal chemical process have important significance. The article introduces cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) instrument which is applied to measure atmospheric NO3 radical. Light from a red laser diode (the wavelength is 662 nm and line width is 0.3 nm) is coupled on-axis into an optical cavity formed by a pair of high-reflectivity mirrors (R≥99.998 5%) to achieve an effective absorption path length of approximately 20km. And it researches nocturnal chemical process of NO3 radical in view of the fall and winter heavy traffic areas. The measurement of NO3 radical with cavity ring-down spectroscopy was performed in Beijing from October 29 to November 15, 2014. During the observation, the concentration of NO3 radical is relatively low with the maximum of NO3 radical concentration of 50pptv and the average of its concentration of approximately10 pptv. Combining of NO2, O3 and NO data, the observation results are analyzed. The NO3 production rates ranging from 0.04 to 1.03 pptv·s-1 were calculated throughout the observation, and NO3 lifetime averaged at 68 s. The NO3 loss process in the atmosphere is further analyzed. Combining of related auxiliary data, the influence of different humidity as well as particulate matter concentrates on the atmospheric NO3 removal is researched. When atmospheric RH≥60% and PM2.5 concentration mainly greater than 60 µg·m-3，the correlation coefficient of the logarithmic correlation between NO3 lifetime and NO2 mixing ratio is 0.79，NO3 is mainly removed by the indirect loss process; however, when atmospheric RH≤40% and the concentration of PM2.5 mainly smaller than 60 µg·m-3, because of the observation site is close to national highway and influenced by local pollution source, the direct loss process is main; When atmospheric 40%

[An Incoherent Broadband Optical Cavity Spectroscopy for Measuring Weak Absorption Cross Section of Sulfur Dioxide].

As a highly sensitive detection technology, incoherent broadband cavity enhanced absorption spectroscopy (IBBCEAS) have successfully measured a variety of trace gases. According to the principle of cavity enhanced absorption spectroscopy, if the accurate concentration of the target gas, the curve of the mirror reflectance, effective absorption path length, the light intensity of the absorbing gas and non-absorbing gas are known, the absorption cross section of the absorption gas can be measured. The accurate measurements of absorption cross section are necessary for satellite retrievals of atmospheric trace gases and the atmospheric research. This paper describes an incoherent broadband cavity enhanced absorption spectroscopy(IBBCEAS) instrument with 365 nm LED as the light source for measuring absorption cross section of SO2 from 357 to 385 nm which is arising from the spin-forbidden a ³B1--X¹A1 transition. In comparison to the literature absorption cross section of SO2, and correlation coefficient r is 0.997 3. The result shows the potential of the IBBCEAS system for measuring weak absorption cross section.