Association between dopamine beta-hydroxylase polymorphism and attention function in suicide attempters with chronic schizophrenia.

BACKGROUND: Patients with schizophrenia are at a higher risk for suicide compared with the general population. Dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DßH) plays a key role in the conversion of dopamine to norepinephrine, which is related to suicidal behavior and cognitive regulation. OBJECTIVE: To examine whether there is the effect of DßH 5'-insertion/deletion (Ins/Del) polymorphism on cognitive performance in suicide attempters with chronic schizophrenia. METHODS: This polymorphism was detected in 114 suicide attempters and 617 non-suicide attempters with chronic schizophrenia. Cognitive performance was assessed by the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS). RESULTS: The allelic and genotypic frequencies of this polymorphism between two groups did not differ after controlling for covariates (both, p > .05). There were no differences in RBANS scores between two groups after adjusting for covariates (all, p > .05). However, based on the genotype grouping in suicide attempters and non-attempters, the attention score significantly differed after adjusting for covariates (both, p < .05). Further analysis indicated that this polymorphism was associated with attention score in suicide attempters (p < .05), but not in non-suicide attempters (p > .05). CONCLUSIONS: DßH 5'-Ins/Del polymorphism was not a risk locus of suicide attempters, but it was implicated in attention regulation in suicide attempters with chronic schizophrenia.

[Effects of RAGE on Cell Proliferation and Tumor Growth in Pancreatic Cancer].

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effect of receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) on cell proliferation and tumor growth in nude mice with pancreatic cancer. METHODS: PANC-1 cells were transfected with shRNA RAGE -1, -2, -3 to down-regulate the expression of RAGE. Cholecystokinin octopeptide-8 (CCK-8), real-time PCR and Western blot were performed to test the impact of shRNA RAGE on the expressions of mRNAs and proteins of RAGE, matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), MMP-9, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Tumor growth and microvessel density in the nude mice implanted with shRNA RAGE transfected PANC-1 cells were observed using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: The shRNA RAGE -1, -2, -3 transfected cells had lower absorbance values than the controls 24 h after transfection, and the absorbance value reached the lowest at 48 h. The specific shRNA sequences significantly inhibited the expressions of mRNA and protein of RAGE. The mice implanted with shRNA RAGE -2 had lower tumor volume and microvessel density than shRNA RAGE -1, -3. The expressions of mRNAs and proteins of RAGE, MMP-2, NF-κB, MMP-9 and VEGF were lower in the cells transfected with shRNA RAGE -2 compared with shRNA RAGE -1, -3. CONCLUSIONS: RAGE is involved in the progression of pancreatic cancerin vitro and in vivo . The RAGE expression could influence the process of tumor angiogenesis.

Palladium-Catalyzed Multi-Component Reactions of N-Tosylhydrazones, 2-Iodoanilines and CO2 towards 4-Aryl-2-Quinolinones.

A palladium-catalyzed three-component reaction between N-tosylhydrazones, 2-iodoanilines and atmospheric pressure CO2 was developed whereby a tandem carbene migration insertion/lactamization strategy afforded 4-aryl-2-quinolinones in moderate to good yields. Notably, a wide range of functional groups were tolerated in this procedure. This protocol features the simultaneous formation of four novel bonds; two C-C, one C=C and one C-N (amide), representing an efficient methodology for incorporation of CO2 into heterocycles.

Clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: a single center experience in China.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs) are a unique subgroup of tumors in the digestive system but with great clinical heterogeneity. The information on clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of Chinese patients is rather limited. METHODOLOGY: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical features, prognostic factors of this disease in a consecutive cohort (N=294) between January 2007 and December 2012. RESULTS: Functioning tumors accounted for 9.2%. Rectum was the most predominant GEP-NETs locations. Abdominal pain occurred in 46.5% patients which was the most common initial symptom. G1, G2 and G3 tumors accounted for 41.5%, 34.7% and 23.8%, respectively. Endoscopy provided the highest detection rate of 95.7%. Consistence between endoscopic ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration biopsy (EUS-FNAB) and surgically obtained histological Ki-67 index was 36.4%. Serum CgA test showed a 80.0% consistence with the tissue biopsy. The median follow up duration was 2.8 years (0.02-5.90 years), the median survival was 4.8 years, overall 5-year survival rate was 69.6%. We found colonic localization, tumor size larger than 20 mm, G3 tumor and metastasis were associated with worse outcome (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: We found both consistence and differences in GEP-NETs characteristics between our study and previous reports.

[The Effects of Thymosin alpha1 on Immune Function of Mice after Skin Transplantation].

OBJECTIVE: By establishing C57-BABL/c mice allogeneic skin transplantation model, to analyze the immune system function with the administration of thymosin al (Tal) in mouse after skin transplantation; and to explore the mechanism of specific immune tolerance induced by Tal in vivo. METHODS: 80 C57 mice and 80 BABL/c mice were used as donor and acceptor respectively to establish C57-BABL/c mice allogeneic skin transplantation model and divided into four groups: Group A, control group (without any treatment, n=20); Group B, CsA treatment group (CsA 10 mg/kg, n=20); Group C, Tal treatment group (Tal 400 microg/kg, n=20) and Group D, combination therapy group (CsA 10 mg/kg & Talphal 400 microg/kg, n=20). In the three experimental group, the drug of each group were respectively administrated by intraperitoneal injection daily, for 21 d. The survival of skin graft were observed and recorded, the Luminexx MAP for cytokine detection were performed in 1, 7, 14, 21 d after treatment, skin grafts were taking for HE staining, and flow cytometry were performed for lymphocyte phenotype. RESULTS: After transplantation, in 1, 7, 14, 21 d, the cytokine of Group B, C and ID compared to Group A, as well as Group D to B&C respectively, shows a decreaing of IL-1, IL-2, IL-6, IL-17 value and increasing of IL-10 significantly (P<0.05) at the same time point; While no statistical significance shows between Group B and C. Compared with other groups, Group D have a high ratio of CD4/CD8, and a high percentage of CD4+ CD25+ T cells (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Administrated Tal after transplantation, can decrease the graft damage from T cells, but could not prevent rejection.

Triple-layer duct-to-mucosa pancreaticojejunostomy with resection of jejunal serosa decreased pancreatic fistula after pancreaticoduodenectomy.

BACKGROUND: Pancreatic fistula (PF) is one of the most common complications after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD). We described a new method of pancreaticojejunostomy (PJ) developed by combining triple-layer duct-to-mucosa PJ with resection of jejunal serosa, which was named as modified layer-to-layer PJ (MLLPJ). The aim of the present study was to observe whether the new technique would effectively reduce the PF rate in comparison with two-layer duct-to-mucosa PJ (TLPJ). METHODS: Data on 184 consecutive patients who underwent the two methods of PJ after standard PD between January 1, 2010 and January 31, 2013 were collected retrospectively from a prospective database. The primary endpoint was the PF rate. The risk factors of PF were investigated by using univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS: A total of 88 patients received TLPJ and 96 underwent MLLPJ. Rate of PF for the entire cohort was 8.2%. There were 11 fistulas (12.5%) in the TLPJ group and four fistulas (4.2%) in the MLLPJ group (P = 0.039). Body mass index, pancreatic texture, pancreatic duct diameter, and methods of PJ anastomosis had significant effects on the formation of PF on univariate analysis. Multivariate analysis showed that pancreatic duct diameter ≤3 mm and TLPJ were the significant risk factors of PF. CONCLUSIONS: MLLPJ effectively reduces the PF rate after PD in comparison with TLPJ. Results confirm increased PF rates in patients with pancreatic duct diameter ≤3 mm compared with pancreatic duct diameter >3 mm.

Is laparoscopic approach for pancreatic insulinomas safe? Results of a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: No consensus exists as to whether laparoscopic treatment for pancreatic insulinomas (PIs) is safe and feasible. The aim of this meta-analysis was to assess the feasibility, safety, and potential benefits of laparoscopic approach (LA) for PIs. The abovementioned approach is also compared with open surgery. METHODS: A systematic literature search (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Science Citation Index, and Ovid journals) was performed to identify relevant articles. Articles that compare the use of LA and open approach to treat PI published on or before April 30, 2013, were included in the meta-analysis. The evaluated end points were operative outcomes, postoperative recovery, and postoperative complications. RESULTS: Seven observational clinical studies that recruited a total of 452 patients were included. The rates of conversion from LA to open surgery ranged from 0%-41.3%. The meta-analysis revealed that LA for PIs is associated with reduced length of hospital stay (weighted mean difference, -5.64; 95% confidence interval [CI], -7.11 to -4.16; P < 0.00001). No significant difference was observed between LA and open surgery in terms of operation time (weighted mean difference, 2.57; 95% CI, -10.91 to 16.05; P = 0.71), postoperative mortality, overall morbidity (odds ratio [OR], 0.64; 95% CI, 0.35-1.17; P = 0.14], incidence of pancreatic fistula (OR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.51-1.44; P = 0.56), and recurrence of hyperglycemia (OR, 1.81; 95% CI, 0.41-7.95; P = 0.43). CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic treatment for PIs is a safe and feasible approach associated with reduction in length of hospital stay and comparable rates of postoperative complications in relation with open surgery.

Intercellular adhesion molecular-1, Fas, and Fas ligand as diagnostic biomarkers for acute allograft rejection of pancreaticoduodenal transplantation in pigs.

BACKGROUND: The early diagnosis of pancreas allograft dysfunction is crucial for the management and long-term survival of transplanted pancreases. We investigated whether intercellular adhesion molecular-1 (ICAM-1), Fas, and Fas ligand (FasL) can be used as novel biomarkers of acute pancreaticoduodenal allograft dysfunction in pigs. METHODS: Forty outbred landraces were randomly divided into three groups. In the control group (8 pigs), a sham operation was performed but no drugs were administered. In groups 1 and 2 (8 pairs each), pancreaticoduodenal transplantation was performed, with the latter administered immunosuppressive drugs and the former not administered drugs. The expression of ICAM-1, Fas, and FasL mRNA in the peripheral vein blood was assessed by flow cytometry and RT-PCR, pre-transplant and on days 1, 3, 5, and 7 after transplantation. Simultaneously, the levels of glucose, insulin, and glucagon in the serum of the recipients were evaluated. The allograft pancreas tissue was obtained to assess the pathological damage and the expression of Fas and FasL by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: On the first 7 days after transplantation, ICAM-1, Fas, and FasL mRNA expression in the blood leukocytes of the recipient increased significantly in groups 1 and 2 compared with the control group (P < 0.01). However, the levels in group 2 were significantly lower than those in group 1 (P < 0.05). Interestingly, the FasL expression increased but the Fas expression decreased gradually in the graft pancreas tissue during the first week after transplantation in both groups 1 and 2 compared with the control group (P < 0.05). The levels of serous glucose, insulin, and glucagon in groups 1 and 2 obviously changed on day 1 after transplantation but returned to normal on day 2. The recipient's pancreas pathological sections did not exhibit any rejection changes on days 1 and 3 after transplantation but showed rejection damage on days 5 and 7. CONCLUSION: ICAM-1, Fas, and FasL were found to be sensitive biomarkers of acute pancreas allograft dysfunction after pancreaticoduodenal transplantation in pigs, and their monitoring could be used to evaluate the effectiveness of the immunosuppression therapy.

[Effects of thymosin alpha1 on immune effector molecules of mouse].

OBJECTIVE: To analysis the effects of Talpha1 on the immune effector molecules in mouse immune system. METHODS: Sixty five BABL/c mice were divided into four groups: CsA group (n=20), Talpha1 group (n= 20), CsA+Talpha1 group (n=20) and control group (n=5). In the 3 experimental groups, 10 mg/kg CsA, 400 microg/ kg Talpha1, 10 mg/kg CsA+400 microg/kg Talpha1 were respectively administrated by intraperitoneal injection daily. Luminex was performed for cytokine detection at 1 d, 7 d, 14 d, 21 d day after the above treatments. Lymphocyte culture was prepared with the mouse spleen suspension, and then treated with 0. 25 mg/mL CsA, 10 microg/mL Talpha1 or 0.25 mg/mL CsA+10 microg/mL Talpha1 in vitro, respectively. Three days later, OD values of each treated lymphocyte culture and several cytokines in the culture were measured. RESULTS: Compared with other groups, CsA+Talpha1 group had significant lower IL-1alpha, IL-2, IL-6, IL-17, and significant higher IL-10 at 1 d, 7 d, 14 d, 21 d after the treatments (P < 0.05). Three days after the culture, OD value in the control group was significantly higher than that in Talppha1 group, CsA group, and CsA+ Talpha1 group (P < 0.05). IL-1alpa and IL-6 in the control group were significantly higher than those in the experiment groups (P < 0.05), while IL-10 in the control group was significantly lower than that in the experiment groups (P < 0.05). IL-2 and IL-17 were similar. CONCLUSION: Talpha1 show regulatory effect on the immune effector molecules which could promote Th1 cells transforming to Th2 cells.

Tao-Hong-Si-Wu-Tang Improves the Depressive-like Behaviors in Mice Experiencing Perimenopausal Depression Through Modulating Activity of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal-Ovary Axis and Activating the BDNF-TrkB-CREB Signaling Pathway.

Tao-Hong-Si-Wu-Tang (THSWT), a traditional Chinese herbal remedy, is commonly utilized for the treatment of female perimenopausal depression through regulating menstruation, but the mechanism remains unknown. In this study, ICR mice were randomly divided into six groups: low, medium, and high dose of THSWT (0.5, 1.5, and 4.5 g/kg), soy isoflavone (250 mg/kg), ovariectomy group, and control group. All mice, except the control group, had ovaries removed and were exposed to hypoxic stimulation for 28 days to establish a perimenopausal depression mice model. The mice, having unrestricted access to food and water, were administered THSWT treatment for a duration of 14 days. The Western blotting and Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay kits were used to determine protein and hormone levels, respectively. Experimental results showed that THSWT reduced the immobility time of mice from 150.8 s to 104.9 s in the tail suspension test, and it decreased the immobility time of mice from 165.7 s to 119.0 s in the forced swimming test, outperforming the results obtained with soy isoflavones. In addition, THSWT upregulated the protein expression of follicle-stimulating hormone receptor and downregulated the protein expression of corticotropin-releasing hormone-receptor 1 in the hippocampus. Compared with the oophorectomized group, treatment with THSWT decreased the levels of corticosterone and adrenocorticotropic hormone in serum by 173.7 and 23.4 ng/mL, respectively. These findings showed that THSWT could stimulate the perimenopausal nerve tissue and regulate the level of serum hormones in mice. THSWT exhibited promising potential as a viable alternative drug for hormone treatment of perimenopause in clinical use.

Pancreatic injuries in earthquake victims: what have we learnt?

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the clinical characteristic and management of patients with pancreatic injuries from the Wen-Chuan and Lu-Shan earthquakes. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 39,784 patients from the Wen-Chuan earthquake and 1489 from the Lu-Shan earthquake. The demographics, clinical data, treatment strategies, and outcomes of patients with pancreatic injuries were recorded and compared between survivors of the two earthquakes. RESULTS: Pancreatic injury occurred only in a small proportion (0.2%) in patients with trauma on admission, and most (61%) patients had Grades I-II pancreatic injuries. Blunt trauma was the leading cause of pancreatic trauma. Most patients (95%) suffered multiple injuries, of which chest injuries (61%) were the most common. Elevated serum amylase levels were observed in 50 (86%) of 58 patients, and computed tomography (CT) identified pancreatic injuries in 32 (80%) of 40 patients. A significantly higher rate (p = 0.043) of pancreatic complication was present in patients with Grade III and IV injuries (38%) than in those with Grade I and II injuries (18%). Forty patients were initially treated by conservative management with 6 (15%) requiring delayed operations. Four (67%) pancreatic complications and 2 (33%) deaths occurred in patients with delayed operations. CONCLUSIONS: Repeated serum amylase analysis, CT, and laparoscopic exploration were reliable diagnostic modalities to diagnose pancreatic injury. Conservative management was safe in patients with Grade I and II injuries. Delayed operation, especially for Grade III patients, resulted in increased morbidity and mortality.

Does modified Braun enteroenterostomy improve alkaline reflux gastritis and marginal ulcer after pancreaticoduodenectomy?

BACKGROUND: The safety of pancreaticoduodenectomy has improved significantly. However, alkaline reflux gastritis and marginal ulcer are two substantial problems after pancreaticoduodenectomy. AIMS: To identify whether Child reconstruction with a modified Braun enteroenterostomy decreases the incidence of alkaline reflux gastritis and marginal ulcer after pancreaticoduodenectomy better than Roux-en-Y reconstruction. METHODS: Data on 57 consecutive patients who underwent standard pancreaticoduodenectomy between January 1, 2008 and January 31, 2012 were collected prospectively. Data on early and late complications of the Child reconstruction with a modified Braun enteroenterostomy and Roux-en-Y were gathered. The risk factors of alkaline reflux gastritis and marginal ulcer were also investigated by using univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS: Twenty-five patients received Roux-en-Y and 32 underwent Child reconstruction with a modified Braun enteroenterostomy. Early complications after the two reconstruction methods were insignificant. Significant differences in terms of later postoperative morbidity (P = 0.01) and change in body mass index (P = 0.03) were found 12 months after pancreaticoduodenectomy. No significant difference for alkaline reflux gastritis was observed between the two methods (14.8 vs. 28.6 %, P = 0.24). Marginal ulcer occurred significantly lower in patients with the modified reconstruction than in those with Roux-en-Y reconstruction (11.1 vs. 47.6 %, P = 0.01). Peptic ulcer history, diabetes mellitus, and reconstruction type had a significant effect on marginal ulcer formation. CONCLUSIONS: Child reconstruction with a modified Braun enteroenterostomy offers an advantage with respect to marginal ulcer after standard pancreaticoduodenectomy, potentially decreasing the incidence of alkaline reflux gastritis as effectively as Roux-en-Y reconstruction.

Does internal stenting for pancreaticojejunostomy decrease the rate of pancreatic fistula following pancreatic resections? A meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of using an internal stent for pancreaticojejunostomy (PJ) on pancreatic fistula (PF) formation, as well as on the overall outcome for patients undergoing pancreatic resections. METHODOLOGY: Articles published until the end of February 2012 comparing internal stenting and no stenting for PI were included. The primary outcome of interest was PF. The secondary outcome of interest included operative time, intra-operative blood loss, overall morbidity, hospital mortality and postoperative length of hospital stay. RESULTS: Five articles were identified for inclusion. The meta-analysis revealed that internal stenting for PJ was not associated with a statistically significant reduction in PF rate (OR 1.03; 95% CI=0.70 to 1.51; p=0.88). Patients with soft pancreas had higher PF rate in stenting group, but the difference was not significant (OR=1.71; 95% CI=0.95 to 3.10; p=0.08). There was no significant difference between the two groups in operative time, intra-operative blood loss, overall morbidity, hospital mortality, and postoperative length of hospital stay. CONCLUSIONS: The current literature suggests that internal stenting for PJ following pancreatic resections does not decrease the rate of pancreatic fistula or alter overall patient's outcome.

Standard versus extended pancreaticoduodenectomy in treating adenocarcinoma of the head of the pancreas.

OBJECTIVES: To compare the postoperative complications and survival of standard pancreatoduodenectomy (SPD) and extended pancreatoduodenectomy (EPD) in patients with resectable adenocarcinoma of the head of the pancreas. METHODS: Between January 1994 and December 2011, 165 patients with biopsy-proven adenocarcinoma of the pancreatic head were treated in West China Hospital, among whom 93 underwent SPD and 72 had EPD. Complications and survival after the surgery were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: The median operation time of the EPD group was longer compared with the SPD group (375 minutes vs.310 minutes, P<0.01), the volume of blood transfusion was larger (700 mL vs.400 mL, P<0.05), while the median hospital stay (13.5 days vs.12 days, P=0.79) and the total complication rates were comparable (34.7% vs.32.4%, P=0.93). The total recurrence rates of the SPD and EPD groups were not significantly different (52.7% vs. 43.1%, P=0.83). No significant differences were found between the SPD and EPD groups in 1-year (81.7% vs. 86.1%), 3-year (38.7% vs. 43.1%), 5-year (16.7% vs. 19.4%), and median survivals (19.8 months vs. 23.2 months, P= 0.52). CONCLUSION: The postoperative complications and survival donot differ significantly between SPD and EPD.

A minimally invasive management for abdominal compartment syndrome in severe acute pancreatitis.

Three patients with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) developed into overt abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) and confirmed or suspected infection of necrotic tissue. We successfully treated these patients by minimally invasive decompression with the assist of laparoscope after the failures of intensive care treatments. This technique we report here may be another safe and effective management for ACS in SAP.

Development and validation of a prediction model for moderately severe and severe acute pancreatitis in pregnancy.

BACKGROUND: The severity of acute pancreatitis in pregnancy (APIP) is correlated with higher risks of maternal and fetal death. AIM: To develop a nomogram that could predict moderately severe and severe acute pancreatitis in pregnancy (MSIP). METHODS: Patients with APIP admitted to West China Hospital between January 2012 and December 2018 were included in this study. They were divided into mild acute pancreatitis in pregnancy (MAIP) and MSIP. Characteristic parameters and laboratory results were collected. The training set and test set were randomly divided at a ratio of 7:3. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression was used to select potential prognostic factors. A nomogram was developed by logistic regression. A random forest model was used to validate the stability of the prediction factors. Receiver operating characteristic curves and calibration curves were used to evaluate the model's predictive performance. RESULTS: A total of 190 patients were included in this study. A total of 134 patients (70.5%) and 56 patients (29.5%) were classified as having MAIP and MSIP, respectively. Four independent predictors (lactate dehydrogenase, triglyceride, cholesterol, and albumin levels) were identified for MSIP. A nomogram prediction model based on these factors was established. The model had areas under the curve of 0.865 and 0.853 in the training and validation sets, respectively. The calibration curves showed that the nomogram has a good consistency. CONCLUSION: A nomogram including lactate dehydrogenase, triglyceride, cholesterol, and albumin levels as independent predictors was built with good performance for MSIP prediction.

Comparison of the Curative Efficacy of Hemivertebra Resection via the Posterior Approach Assisted With Unilateral and Bilateral Internal Fixation in the Treatment of Congenital Scoliosis.

Objective: This study aimed to compare the curative efficacy of hemivertebra resection via the posterior approach assisted with unilateral and bilateral internal fixation in the treatment of congenital scoliosis (CS). Methods: In this study, 29 children (15 males and 14 females), who underwent hemivertebra resection via the posterior approach and received internal fixation from November 2005 to September 2018, were analyzed retrospectively. The age of these patients ranged from 0.9 to 15 years, with an average of 3.8 years. The follow-up duration ranged from 2 to 12.3 years, with an average of 5.7 years. The patients in group A received unilateral internal fixation, and those in group B received bilateral internal fixation. The operation duration, bleeding volume, and complications during the operation, as well as the Cobb angles of scoliosis and kyphosis before and after the operation and at the last follow-up, were compared between the two groups. Results: In group A, the operation duration was 207.4 ± 54.5 min, and the bleeding volume was 215.3 ± 75.4 ml; in group B, the operation duration was 249.5 ± 51.0 min, and the bleeding volume was 291.3 ± 115.6 ml (P < 0.05). The Cobb angles of segmental scoliosis, segmental kyphosis, cephalic compensatory curve, and caudal compensatory curve were significantly improved in the two groups after operation and at the last follow-up (P < 0.05). The post-operative correction rate of the scoliosis Cobb angle was 67.2% in group A and 79.5% in group B; and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). At the last follow-up, the correction rate of the scoliosis Cobb angle was 72.7% in group A and 76.2% in group B (P > 0.05). After the operation and at the last follow-up, the correction rates of kyphosis were 83.1 and 79.6% in group A and 71.8 and 65.5% in group B (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Hemivertebra resection via posterior approach with unilateral internal fixation can also achieve the effect of bilateral internal fixation in the treatment of CS. It is able to preserve a certain degree of contralateral spinal growth potential and is a feasible method.

Pancreas anatomy and surgical procedure for pancreatectomy in rhesus monkeys.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to investigate the pancreas anatomy and surgical procedure for harvesting pancreas for islet isolation while performing pancreatectomy to induce diabetes in rhesus monkeys. METHODS: The necropsy was performed in three cadaveric monkeys. Two monkeys underwent the total pancreatectomy and four underwent partial pancreatectomy (70-75%). RESULTS: The greater omentum without ligament to transverse colon, the cystic artery arising from the proper hepatic artery and the branches supplying the paries posterior gastricus from the splenic artery were observed. For pancreatectomy, resected pancreas can be used for islet isolation. Diabetes was not induced in the monkeys undergoing partial pancreatectomy (70-75%). CONCLUSIONS: Pancreas anatomy in rhesus monkeys is not the same as in human. Diabetes can be induced in rhesus monkeys by total but not partial pancreatectomy (70-75%). Resected pancreas can be used for islet isolation while performing pancreatectomy to induce diabetes.

[Study of the function and mechanism of interleukin cytokines in acute pancreatitis rats].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the molecular mechanism of interleukin cytokines IL-6, IL-17, IL-23, IL-23R in the onset of acute pancreatitis in rats pancreatitis models. METHODS: Thirty six SD rats were randomized into 3 groups: control group, model group, and intervention group (n = 12). The rats in model group and intervention group were induced by intraperitoneal injection of 1-arginine, and those in intervention group were treated by tail intravenous administration of drugs at the same time. Then the rats were sacrified at 3rd, 6th, and 12th h. after the modeling. The levels of IL-6 ,IL-17, IL-23, IL-23R in blood, pancreas, lung and kidney were checked by ELISA. RESULTS: The IL-6 levels of serum, pancreas, lung and kidney in AP Model group were obviously higher than those in the control group and intervention group. This trend increased with time. Similarly, the levels of IL-17 and IL-23 in AP group were obviously higher than those in the control group and intervention group. Compared with the control and intervention group, AP group showed higher IL-23R levels in serum, pancreas, but lower IL-23R levels in lung and kidney. CONCLUSION: IL-23 is a mediator involved in the formation of IL-17 and IL-6, they all can promote acute pancreatitis.

The study on causes of death in fulminant pancreatitis at early stage and late stage.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate clinical characteristics of fulminant pancreatitis (FP) died at early and late stage, analyze the difference in death causes of FP at these two stage. METHODS: Ninety-two (92) patients with FP were admitted in our center from January 2000 to June 2010, and 55 patients of them died of FP. These dead FP patients were divided into two groups according to the death time: within 7 d (early death group) or after 7 d (late death group). The 24 h Acute Physiology and Chronic Heath Evaluation II (APACHE II) score, the occurrence of complications were compared between these two groups. RESULTS: The mortality of FP was 59.8% (55/92), in which 20.6% (19 cases) died within 3 d and 29.3% (27 cases) died after 14 d. Compared with the late death group, the early death group showed higher 24 h APACHE II score and serum triglyceride level (P < 0.05), and also had higher occurring time of renal failure, shock, hepatic failure, encephalopathy, gastrointestinal hemorrhage and infection (P < 0.05). However, the incidences of encephalopathy, gastrointestinal hemorrhage and pancreatic necrosis infection in the late death group were higher than those in the early group (P < 0.05). In addition, the major pathogenesis of infection was Gram-negative bacterium. CONCLUSION: The most important and common cause of death for the patients with FP is multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, which usually was the consequence of systemic inflammation response syndrome in the early stage, and the severe infection in the later stage, respectively.