Sub-100-fs Kerr-lens mode-locked Yb:YAG ring-cavity thin-disk oscillator.

Ultrafast ring-cavity thin-disk oscillators combine high output power with the flexibility of generating output either unidirectionally or bidirectionally. Here, we report a Kerr-lens mode-locked ring-cavity Yb:YAG thin-disk oscillator delivering unidirectional 89-fs pulses by inducing additional spectral broadening with nonlinear plates. This is the shortest pulse duration for a ring-cavity mode-locked thin-disk oscillator. Bidirectional mode-locking was also realized. These results lay the foundation for the more efficient generation of high-order harmonics at MHz repetition rates and high-power dual frequency combs.

Forensic efficiency and population genetic construction of Guizhou Gelao minority from Southwest China revealed by a panel of 23 autosomal STR loci.

Short tandem repeats (STRs) are the most common genetic markers in forensic and human population genetics due to their high polymorphism, rapid detection, and reliable genotyping. To adapt the rapid growth of forensic DNA database and solve problems in disputed cases, a panel of 23 autosomal STR loci with high discriminating ability was constructed recently. The Tai-Kadai-speaking Gelao is the most ancient indigenous minority in Guizhou province, however, the forensic efficiency and population genetic structure remain poorly explored. Here, 490 Guizhou Gelao individuals from Southwest China were genotyped with the panel of 23 STRs using the Huaxia Platinum Kit. A total of 265 alleles were screened. The combined discrimination power and the combined probability of paternity were 0.9999 and 0.9999, respectively. This indicated the 23 loci had higher discrimination power in Guizhou Gelao and could be applied to forensic practice. Comprehensive population structures with reference populations from China and abroad using the neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree (N-J tree), multidimensional scaling, principal component analysis and heatmap demonstrated that Guizhou Gelao was genetically closer to Guizhou Han than other populations. Moreover, our results showed that a complex phylogenetic model was influenced by ethnic, geographic, and linguistic factors. Key points: The first batch of genetic data for 23 autosomal STRs in 490 Geolao individuals from Guizhou was provided.The 23 STR panel can afford high genetic polymorphisms and discrimination power and can be efficiently applied to forensic practice in Guizhou Gelao population.A complex phylogenetic model influenced by ethnic, geographic, and linguistic factors was uncovered.

Forensic characteristics and population construction of two major minorities from southwest China revealed by a novel 37 Y-STR loci system.

Y-chromosome short tandem repeats (Y-STRs) have become important supplementary evidence in forensic science. Nowadays, the Y-chromosome STR haplotype reference database (YHRD) contains abundant Y-STR haplotype data from all over the world, while haplotype data of Guizhou Miao and Tujia are scarce. Hence, genetic polymorphisms of 37 Y-STRs were investigated in 446 unrelated males (206 Miao males and 246 Tujia males) residing in Guizhou Province. A total of 206 and 242 unique haplotypes with the highest diversity value of 0.9665 and 0.9470 were obtained. The heatmap, multidimensional scaling (MDS), the unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic means (UPGMA) tree and principal component analysis (PCA) based on the genetic distance (Rst) value within our studied populations and other 26 populations indicated that population structures follow the boundary of the continent. Guizhou Miao and Guizhou Tujia populations have intimate relationships with East Asian populations, especially the geographically close, similar history and the same language family populations.

Genetic structure and polymorphisms of Gelao ethnicity residing in southwest china revealed by X-chromosomal genetic markers.

X-chromosome short tandem repeat markers (X-STRs), due to their special inheritance models, physical location on a single chromosome and the absence of recombination in male meiosis, play an important role in forensic and population genetics. While a series of genetic analyses focusing on the genetic diversity and forensic characteristics of X-STRs are well studied for ethnically/linguistically diverse and demographically large Chinese populations, genetic evidence from Gelao ethnicity is still sparse. Here, we genotyped the first batch of 19 X-STRs in 513 Chinese Gelao individuals (265 females and 248 males), and reported genetic polymorphisms, forensic characteristics based on the single locus and seven linkage groups. DXS10135 with the highest PIC (0.9106) and LG1 (DXS10148-DXS10135-DXS8378) with the largest HD (0.9970) are polymorphic and informative. The CPDs in Gelao males and females are respectively larger than 0.999999999997095 and 0.99999999999999999999918, and the combined MECs are larger than 0.999999975715109. Subsequently, we investigated the population relationships among 14 Chinese populations based on 19 X-STRs and among 23 populations based on 11 overlapped X-STRs. Our results revealed genetic differentiations among Tibeto-Burman, Altaic and other Chinese homogenous populations, and demonstrated that Guizhou Gelao has the genetically closer relationships with Han Chinese and geographically close Guizhou Miao.