Benzothiadiazole-Based Ordered Mesoporous Polymer as a Versatile, Metal-Free Heterogeneous Photocatalyst.

Visible-light active heterogeneous organophotocatalysts have recently gained considerable interest in organic synthetic community. Ordered mesoporous polymers (OMPs) are highly promising as heterogeneous alternative to traditional precious metal/organic dyes-based photocatalysts. Herein, we report the preparation of a benzothiadiazole functionalized OMPs (BT-MPs) through a "bottom-up" strategy. High ordered periodic porosity, large surface area, excellent stability and rational energy-band structures guarantee the high catalytic activity of BT-MPs. As a result, at least six conversions, e.g., the [3+2] cycloaddition of phenols with olefins, the selective oxidation of sulfides, the C-3 thiocyanation of indole and the aminothiocyanation of ß-keto ester, could be promoted smoothly by BT-MPs. In addition, BT-MPs was readily recovered with well maintaining its photocatalytic activity and could be reused for at least eight times. This study highlights the potential of exploiting photoactive OMPs as recyclable, robust and metal-free heterogeneous photocatalysts.

A review of the signaling pathways of aerobic and anaerobic exercise on atherosclerosis.

Atherosclerosis (AS), a chronic inflammatory vascular disease with lipid metabolism abnormalities, is one of the major pathological bases of coronary heart disease. As people's lifestyles and diets change, the incidence of AS increases yearly. Physical activity and exercise training have recently been identified as effective strategies for lowering cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. However, the best exercise mode to ameliorate the risk factors related to AS is not clear. The effect of exercise on AS is affected by the type of exercise, intensity, and duration. In particular, aerobic and anaerobic exercise are the two most widely discussed types of exercise. During exercise, the cardiovascular system undergoes physiological changes via various signaling pathways. The review aims to summarize signaling pathways related to AS in two different exercise types and provide new ideas for the prevention and treatment of AS in clinical practice.

One-step assembly of a MacMillan catalyst-based phenolic-type polymer.

We report herein a "bottom-up" approach for the one-step assembly of a MacMillan catalyst-based phenolic-type polymer (Mac-CP). The resulting self-supported polymeric organocatalyst possesses homogeneously distributed and highly concentrated catalytic sites. Furthermore, Mac-CP is soluble in CH3CN but insoluble in hexane. This unique property can be used to employ the polymer as an efficient catalyst in homogeneous organocatalysis and heterogeneous recycling. As a result, Mac-CP possesses comparable catalytic activity and enantioselectivity to its homogeneous counterpart in the asymmetric Diels-Alder reaction (95% yield, 93% enantiomeric excess (ee) for endo and 92% ee for exo).

Development and Mechanical Analysis of Human Liver Model During Impact.

Liver injury is one of the most severe traffic trauma. The development of accurate liver finite element model is beneficial for improving the biofidelity and validity in crash simulations, aiming to analyze the injury in accidents. 12 human liver finite element models in the current research were constructed from high resolution CT data of a Chinese male 50th percentile human subject, including the main structures like left lobe, right lobe, capsule, parenchyma and falciform ligament. The simulations based on Nava et al. experiment were conducted to validate the models and make comparisons of modeling method accuracy. The results demonstrated that the larger deviation happened to the tetra models due to the stiffer algorithm compared to the hex models, which were more sensitive to element size. The existence of capsule had significant effects on the liver mechanical responses, reducing the liver tissue pressure. Shell elements were more suitable for modeling the capsule.

Direct annulation between glycine derivatives and thiiranes through photoredox/iron cooperative catalysis.

A visible-light-induced aerobic oxidative [2+3] cycloaddition reaction between glycine derivatives and thiiranes has been disclosed, which provides an efficient and atom-economical strategy for the rapid synthesis of thiazolidine-2-carboxylic acid derivatives and the post-modification of glycine-derived dipeptides under mild conditions with good yield and high diastereoselectivities. A preliminary mechanistic study favors a pathway involving a cooperative photoredox catalysis and iron catalysis.

Visible-light-induced Csp3-H functionalization of glycine derivatives by cerium catalysis.

A Ce(III)-catalyzed, visible-light-induced aerobic oxidative dehydrogenative coupling/aromatization reaction between glycine derivatives and alkenes has been developed, which provides an efficient approach for the synthesis of quinoline derivatives and post-modification of oligopeptides containing glycine residues under mild conditions without the need for external photosensitizers.