[Analysis of 833 times measured hepatic venous pressure gradient].

Objective: To summarize and analyze the clinical data of hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) and to explore the application value of HVPG in the diagnosis, evaluation and clinical treatment of portal hypertension in cirrhosis. Methods: The patient data of HVPG measurement performed in Shandong Provincial Hospital from April 2010 to November 2017 were collected. Results: A total of 633 patients with 833 times of HVPG measurements were included. There was significant difference in HVPG between patients with different etiologies, different Child-pugh grades and different degrees of decompensated cirrhosis. Conclusion: The HVPG test is suitable for the diagnosis and evaluation of portal hypertension. The HVPG of patients with different severity of liver cirrhosis can guide the choice of the treatment plan, and the HVPG measurement should also be strictly standardized and quality control.

Structural and electronic properties of the heterointerfaces for Cu2ZnSnS4 photovoltaic cells: a density-functional theory study.

The quaternary compound semiconductor Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) is a promising photovoltaic absorber material for thin-film solar cell applications. Density-functional theory calculations have been performed to investigate the structural and electronic properties of the CdS/CZTS heterointerfaces in CZTS-based cells. We find that CdS favors epitaxial growth on the Cu-Zn plane of CZTS along the direction of [100], which can eliminate the effects of the wrong bonds at the interfaces and enhance the energetic barrier for charge carrier recombination across the interfaces with an increased band gap. The band alignment is calculated for the epitaxial CZTS/CdS heterointerface by employing the HSE06 functional and the results show a type-II band alignment with VBO and CBO values of 0.95 eV and -0.05 eV, respectively. Also, the experimental phenomenon of Zn segregation at CdS/CZTS interfaces is corroborated. Zn segregation can enhance the stability of the heterointerfaces, but damage the solar cell performance by decreasing the band gap when the Zn concentration is sufficiently high. We show that besides the defects and undesired phases in CZTS, the heterointerfaces between the absorption layers (CZTS) and the buffer layer (CdS) can also be an important factor that affects the performance of CZTS cells. The present work provides a theoretical base for engineering the heterointerfaces and achieving better performance of CZTS-based solar cells.

Development of coding single nucleotide polymorphic markers in the pearl oyster Pinctada fucata based on next-generation sequencing and high-resolution melting analysis.

The pearl oyster Pinctada fucata is an important commercial marine shellfish that is cultured for producing saltwater pearls. In this study, 468 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were screened from P. fucata transcriptome data, and 119 polymorphic SNPs were successfully isolated by a two-step small-amplicon high-resolution melting assay. Of these, 88 were annotated with BLAST in the Nr database and 90 were in the open reading frame, including 16 non-synonymous SNPs and 74 synonymous SNPs; 12 SNPs were in the 3'-untranslated region (UTR) and 1 was in the 5'-UTR. Twenty-five SNPs were randomly chosen to test the genetic diversity of 40 wild individuals from Liusha Bay, China. All of the loci had two alleles. The observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.0417 to 0.6042 and from 0.2945 to 0.5053, respectively. Minor allele frequencies ranged from 0.1771 to 0.5000, and the polymorphism information content ranged from 0.2516 to 0.3750. These novel SNP markers can contribute to P. fucata genetics and breeding studies.

Age and third molar extraction as risk factors for temporomandibular disorder.

This study investigated third molar removal as a risk factor for temporomandibular disorder (TMD) in all age groups. We compared 2217 Kaiser Permanente Northwest health plan enrollees with a history of third molar extraction with 2217 age-and gender-matched enrollees with radiographic confirmation of no lifetime third molar removal. Common Dental Terminology codes were used to identify information on third molar removal, and International Classification of Disease codes were used to identify TMD. Relative risks were calculated overall, and by each decade of life, in univariate and multivariate analyses. The incidence of TMD in subjects with and without third molar removal were 7 and 5 per thousand person-years, respectively. Third molar removal among subjects of all ages resulted in a statistically insignificant increased relative risk for TMD (1.4, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.9-2.2). The relative risk was slightly higher in those under 21, but was also not statistically significant (1.6, CI: 0.8-3.1).

[Unilateral polyp originated from nasal septum: a case report].

Most polyps were originated from the contact areas of uncinate process, the middle turbinate or the ethmoid infundibulum. Polyp originated from nasal septum is extremely rare. We report a rare case of a 44-year old woman with unilateral polyp of nasal septum.

[Diagnosis and treatment of eosinophilic rhinosinusitis].

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), a chronic inflammation of the nasal sinus mucosa, is based on a simplified classification of a single clinical phenotype (with or without nasal polyps) that does not adequately reflect the heterogeneity of the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis complexity. Currently, according to the lesion mucosa or polyps eosinophil infiltration,this type of chronic rhinosinusit is known as eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis (ECRS). The curative effect of ECRS is poor than non-eosinophilic rhinosinusitis. This article summarizing the diagnosis and treatment of eosinophilic rhinosinusitis status, is to provide help for clinical diagnosis and treatment.

[Progress of surgical treatment for T1a glottic carcinoma].

T1a glottic laryngeal carcinoma is early laryngeal cancer,involving unilateral vocal cord. T he main surgical treatments are transoral laser surgery,open surgery,transoral robotic surgery and radiofrequency ablation technique. In this paper,progress of surgical treatment for T1a glottic carcinoma were reviewed.

[Research progress of transoral robotic surgery in oropharyngeal cancer].

When it comes to the treatment of oropharyngeal cancer, the recurrence rate is high after radiotherapy, chemotherapy or open surgery. Transoral robotic surgery is a relatively new surgical therapy in oropharyngeal cancer, which can promote the development of minimally invasive surgery of oropharyngeal cancer. In this study, we reviewed flap reconstruction techniques of transoral robotic surgery, outcomes, contraindications,advantages and disadvantages.

[The impact of laser treatment for postoperative different vocal functions in early laryngeal cancer: network Meta-analysis].

Objective:To evaluate the impact of postoperative vocal different functional characteristics with laser treatment for early laryngeal cancer.Method:Computer searching the major medical-related databases: PubMed, Web of Science and Embase, searching and screening by two staff members at the same time to read the relevant literatures, extraction of data and research related to the purpose from the selected literature. Using Stata 14.0 software analysis the extracted data with Bayesian network Metaanalysis, get the laser surgery of early laryngeal cancer effects of different voice characteristics of vocal cord.Result:A total of nine articles was included finally according through the necessary conditions, statistical analysis results showed that early laryngeal laser surgery can significantly reduce GRABS and VHI assessment score.Conclusion:Laser treatment of early laryngeal cancer could reduce VHI and the GRABS assessment score postoperatively, improve overall postoperative vocal cord function and the quality of life of patients after surgery, but not in the early post-operative function and physiology in vocal function.

[Comparioson after laser surgery versus radiotherapy of T1a glottic carcinoma: A Meta-analysis].

Objective:To compare larynx preservation rate, local control rate, overall survival rate and disease-specific survival rate after laser surgery and radiotherapy of T1a glottic carcinoma. Method:PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library，Chinese biomedical literature datebase,CNKI and Wanfang digital journals were searched from the built of the datebases to October 2016 by computer. Literature screening,date extraction and quality assessment were conducted independently by two co-authors,and the meta-analysis was made with Review Manager 5.3. Result:Twelve literatures were included finally, and statistical analysis results showed that radiotherapy was superior to laser surgery in the laynx preservation rate of T1a glottic carcinoma(OR=3.23，95%CI=1.21～8.60，P=0.02) , overall survival rate and specific disease survival rate were not significant different between laser surgery and radiotherapy. Conclusion:Radiotherapy is superior to laser surgery in the laynx preservation rate of T1a glottic carcinoma.

[Double-way endoscopic surgery in a patient with cystic degeneration of maxillary sinus ossifying fibroma: a case report].

Ossifying fibroma is a rare benign osteogenic neoplasm arising from undifferentiated cells of the periodontal ligament and with a potential to form fibrous tissue, cementum and bone, which is usually in molar area of the mandible, predominantly seen in young girls. And ossifying fibroma poses diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties due to their clinical, radiological and histological variabilities. We report a rare case of an 18 year old girl with cystic degeneration of ossifying fibroma in maxilla which is an uncommon site of occurrence.

[Exploration of transoral robotic surgery in the treatment of pediatric obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome].

Transoral robotic surgery (TORS) is a relatively new technique in the treatment of pediatric obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome, which has been shown to be safe and feasible. TORS provides a minimally invasive, visualization method, which brings an unprecedented breakthrough in the treatment of pediatric obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome. In this paper, the application and development prospect of TORS in the treatment of pediatric obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome will be reviewed.

[Application progress of transoral robotic surgery in treatment of laryngeal cancer].

Transoral robotic surgery(TORS) with the Da Vinci robot has been used for the removal of laryngeal cancer,which can improve functional and aesthetic outcomes without worsening survival. We reviews the composition of the robotic surgical system, unique advantages, potential applications and limitations of existing solutions and prospects in Surgery for laryngeal cancer.Major technical improvements are expected. Smaller, more ergonomic, new-generation robots adapted to the head and neck will probably be available in the near future.

[Advancement of salvage surgery for recurrent head andneck squamous cell carcinoma].

The treatment options and prognosis of recurrent head and neck squamous cell carcinoma are largely determined by site, extent of disease,and previous treatment. Salvage surgery represents the primary curative option when recurrent head and neck squamous cell carcinoma is resectable. The common factors that affect the prognosis of patients undergoing salvage surgery include surgical resection margin pathology, radiation therapy, advanced initial and recurrent tumor stage, and presence of concomitant neck disease. This paper reviewed the advancement of salvage surgery for recurrent head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

The role of 5-HT1A receptors in the proliferation and survival of progenitor cells in the dentate gyrus of the adult hippocampus and their regulation by corticoids.

These experiments explore the role of 5-HT1A receptors in the regulation of cell proliferation in the dentate gyrus of the intact and adrenalectomized adult rat. Depleting 5-HT with p-chlorophenylalanine (300 mg/kg initially followed by 100 mg/kg/day) or stimulating 5-HT1A receptors with 8-OH-DPAT (1 mg/kg or 2 mg/kg, s.c. injections twice daily) for 14 days had no effect on cell proliferation as measured by Ki-67 or BrdU (5-bromo-3-deoxyuridine) immunocytochemistry in the dentate gyrus. However, combined treatment with p-chlorophenylalanine followed by 8-OH-DPAT significantly increased cell proliferation compared with p-chlorophenylalanine alone. Micro-injection of the 5-HT neurotoxin 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine into the fimbria-fornix (3.0 microg/side) and the cingulate bundle (1.8 microg/side) depleted hippocampal 5-HT locally but did not change cell proliferation 3 weeks after the surgery. However, 8-OH-DPAT (1 mg/kg, twice daily) stimulated cell proliferation in the dentate gyrus of hippocampal 5-HT-depleted rats compared with controls. These results suggest that 5-HT(1A) modulates cell proliferation in the hippocampus by a direct post-synaptic effect. Previous studies demonstrate that adrenalectomy increases hippocampal 5-HT1A receptor expression and binding, and thus we investigated whether the effect of adrenalectomy on cell proliferation and survival was dependent on the activity of the 5-HT1A receptors. In contrast to the null effect following twice-daily s.c. injection, 8-OH-DPAT (2.0 mg/kg/day) delivered by s.c. osmotic pumps increased proliferation in intact rats. The 5-HT1A antagonist WAY-100635 (1.5 mg/kg/day also delivered by osmotic pump) by itself did not alter cell proliferation, confirming that reduced serotonin activity does not change proliferation, but blocked the effect of 8-OH-DPAT. However, WAY-100635 could not block the stimulating action of adrenalectomy cell proliferation. 5-HT1A mRNA expression was not altered in the hippocampus by adrenalectomy. Thus, the effect of adrenalectomy on cell proliferation and survival is not 5-HT1A dependent, despite the interaction between 5-HT1A and corticosterone.

Randomized clinical trial on the combination of preoperative irradiation and surgery in the treatment of esophageal carcinoma: report on 206 patients.

From June 1977 to May 1985, a prospective randomized clinical trial on pre-operative radiation for esophageal carcinoma was carried out in 206 patients. Lesions under 8 cm in length and patients younger than 65 years, at least on semi-liquid diet and not contra-indicated for surgery were randomized into a combined group (104 patients) or a surgery alone group (102 patients). Eight MV X ray units were used for the pre-operative radiation using A-P portals to deliver 4,000 cGy to the whole mediastinum and the left gastroepiploic lymphatic chain. Surgery was carried out after 2 to 4 week's rest. The immediate results of the combined group and the surgery alone group were: resection rate 93% and 85%, operative mortality 5% and 6%, intra-thoracic anastomotic leak 0% and 1%, positive pathology at the esophageal stump 0% and 2%, and lymph nodes metastasis 27% and 35% respectively. The 5-year survival rates of the combined group and the surgery alone group were 35% and 30%. We have noticed that those patients with lesions showing radiation reaction of grade III gave a 5-year survival of 50% (12/24). Because intra- and extra-thoracic lymphnode metastasis caused failures (41% and 34% of these two groups), increasing the preoperative tumor dose to 60 Gy or designing post-operative irradiation to cover the bilateral supraclavicular areas was necessary. The whole mediastinum and the left gastroepiploic lymphatics could further improve the results of surgery. Further studies are needed.

Randomized clinical trial on the combination of preoperative irradiation and surgery in the treatment of adenocarcinoma of gastric cardia (AGC)--report on 370 patients.

PURPOSE: An attempt was made to define the role of radiotherapy before operation for AGC. METHODS AND MATERIALS: From January 1978 to May 1989, a prospective randomized trial on preoperative radiotherapy (R+S) vs. surgery alone (S) for AGC was carried out in 370 patients. Patients were randomized into a combined group (R+S, 171 patients) or a surgery alone group (S, 199 patients) by the envelope method. 8-MV photon or telecobalt was used for the preoperative radiation therapy, using anterior-posterior opposing parallel fields to deliver 40 Gy to the cardia, lower segment of the esophagus, fundus, lesser curvature, and hepatogastric ligament. Surgery was performed after 2 to 4 weeks rest. RESULTS: The 5- and 10-year survival rates of the R+S Group and the S Alone Group were 30.10% and 19.75%, 20.26% and 13.30%, respectively. The survival curves of these two groups diverged right from the beginning after the operation over the ninth year. Statistics by Kaplan-Meier log rank test proves that the difference is significant (chi2 = 6.74, p = 0.0094). The immediate results were: resection rate 89.5% and 79.4% (p < 0.01); pathologic stage after resection T2 12.9% and 4.5% (p < 0.01), T4 40.3% and 51.3% (p < 0.05), lymph node metastasis rates 64.3% and 84.9% (p < 0.001); operative mortality rates 0.6% and 2.5%; intrathoracic leak rates 1.8% and 4.0%, respectively. The causes of failure were: local uncontrol and recurrence 38.6% vs. 51.7% (p < 0.025), regional lymph node metastasis 38.6% vs. 54.6% (p < 0.005), distant metastasis 24.3% vs. 24.7%. CONCLUSION: Preoperative radiation therapy is able to improve the results of surgery for adenocarcinoma of the gastric cardia.

Chronic ingestion of ethanol increases the number of Ca2+ channels of hippocampal neurons of long-sleep but not short-sleep mice.

Whole cell and single channel Ca2+ currents were compared for hippocampal neurons of normal and ethanol-tolerant long-sleep and short-sleep mice. The properties of these currents were equivalent for normal LS and SS mice. In contrast, the peak amplitude of the whole cell Ca2+ current increased significantly for neurons isolated from LS but not SS mice chronically ingesting ethanol. Since there were no changes in the functional properties of single channel events, these data indicate that chronic ingestion of ethanol causes an increase in the number of functional Ca2+ channels in the membrane of hippocampal neurons of LS mice.

Risk factors for diagnostic subgroups of painful temporomandibular disorders (TMD).

Temporomandibular Disorders (TMD) encompass several entities, which may have differing etiologies. To test this hypothesis, we investigated risk factors for three diagnostic subgroups of painful TMD. Ninety-seven subjects with myofascial pain only, 20 with arthralgia only, 157 with both myofascial pain and arthralgia, and 195 controls without TMD pain met criteria for study eligibility. Investigated risk factors included both physical and psychological variables. Adjusted odds ratios were calculated by multiple logistic regression analyses. Myofascial pain occurring alone was significantly associated with trauma (Odds Ratio [OR] = 2.0), clenching (OR = 4.8), third molar removal (OR = 3.2), somatization (OR = 3.7), and female gender (OR = 4.2). Myofascial pain with arthralgia was significantly associated with trauma (OR = 2.1), clenching (OR = 3.3), third molar removal (OR = 4.0), somatization (OR = 5.1), and female gender (OR = 4.7). No significant associations were found for the small-arthralgia-only group.

The effect of glutathione monoethyl ester on the potentiation of the acute toxicity of methyl parathion, methyl paraoxon or fenitrothion by diethyl maleate in the mouse.

Depletion of hepatic glutathione in the mouse by pretreatment with diethyl maleate (DEM) is known to potentiate the acute toxicities of many dimethyl-substituted organothiophosphate insecticides. However, certain studies have raised doubts regarding the participation of glutathione in the detoxification of methyl parathion in the mouse, and hence the putative mechanism of action of DEM-induced potentiation of this insecticide. The present study evaluates the hypothesis that DEM potentiates the acute toxicities of methyl parathion, methyl paraoxon, and fenitrothion by a mechanism other than glutathione depletion. One hour following pretreatment of mice with DEM (0.75 ml/kg i.p.), glutathione was markedly depleted and the acute toxicities of methyl parathion, methyl paraoxon and fenitrothion were potentiated. Administration of glutathione monoethyl ester (20 mmol/kg p.o.) to DEM-pretreated mice attenuated DEM-depletion of hepatic glutathione, or maintained glutathione at or above control levels. However, glutathione monoethyl ester did not alter the DEM-induced potentiation of the lethality of these insecticides. Furthermore, administration of glutathione monoethyl ester to naive mice increased hepatic glutathione levels, but did not affect the percentage of animals succumbing to a challenge dose of methyl parathion, methyl paraoxon, or fenitrothion. These data indicate that DEM potentiates the toxicity of methyl parathion, methyl paraoxon or fenitrothion by a mechanism unrelated to hepatic glutathione content.