Effects of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans on Modeling Subgingival Microbiome and Impairment of Oral Epithelial Barrier.

Periodontitis is an exemplar of dysbiosis associated with the coordinated action of multiple members within the microbial consortium. The polymicrobial synergy and dysbiosis hypothesis proposes a dynamic host-microbiome balance, with certain modulators capable of disrupting eubiosis and driving shifts towards dysbiosis within the community. However, these factors remain to be explored. We established a Porphyromonas gingivalis- or Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans-modified subgingival microbiome model and 16S rRNA sequencing revealed that P. gingivalis and A. actinomycetemcomitans altered the microbiome structure and composition indicated by α and ß diversity metrics. P. gingivalis increased the subgingival dysbiosis index (SDI), while A. actinomycetemcomitans resulted in a lower SDI. Furthermore, P. gingivalis-stimulated microbiomes compromised epithelium function and reduced expression of tight junction proteins, whereas A. actinomycetemcomitans yielded mild effects. In conclusion, by inoculating P. gingivalis, we created dysbiotic microcosm biofilms in vitro resembling periodontitis-related subgingival microbiota, exhibiting enhanced dysbiosis and impaired epithelium integrity.

SARS-CoV-2 NSP12 utilizes various host splicing factors for replication and splicing regulation.

The RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) is a crucial element in the replication and transcription of RNA viruses. Although the RdRps of lethal human coronaviruses severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), SARS-CoV, and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) have been extensively studied, the molecular mechanism of the catalytic subunit NSP12, which is involved in pathogenesis, remains unclear. In this study, the biochemical and cell biological results demonstrate the interactions between SARS-CoV-2 NSP12 and seven host proteins, including three splicing factors (SLU7, PPIL3, and AKAP8). The entry efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 considerably decreased when SLU7 or PPIL3 was knocked out, indicating that abnormal splicing of the host genome was responsible for this occurrence. Furthermore, the polymerase activity and stability of SARS-CoV-2 RdRp were affected by the three splicing factors to varying degrees. In addition, NSP12 and its homologues from SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV suppressed the alternative splicing of cellular genes, which were influenced by the three splicing factors. Overall, our research illustrates that SARS-CoV-2 NSP12 can engage with various splicing factors, thereby impacting virus entry, replication, and gene splicing. This not only improves our understanding of how viruses cause diseases but also lays the foundation for the development of antiviral therapies.

Abdominal abscess caused by Raoultella ornithinolytica secondary to postoperative gastric fistula: case report and review of literature.

BACKGROUND: In recent years, Raoultella ornithinolytica (R. ornithinolytica) have attracted clinical attention as a new type of pathogen. A wide range of infections with these germs is reported, and commonly found in urinary tract infections, respiratory infections, and bacteremia. CASE PRESENTATION: We report the case of an elderly woman with liver abscess, choledocholithiasis and cholangitis, who developed gastric fistula and abdominal abscess after underwent choledocholithotomy, and R. ornithinolytica were isolated from the abdominal drainage fluid. The patient was treated with meropenem and levofloxacin and had a good outcome. CONCLUSIONS: To the best of our knowledge, case of isolating R. ornithinolytica from a patient with non-viscerally abdominal abscess was extremely rare. We share a case of a woman with non-viscerally abdominal abscess secondary to postoperative gastric fistula, R. ornithinolytica was isolated from the patient's pus, and the pathogenic bacteria may originate from the gastrointestinal tract. Based on this case, We should be cautious that invasive treatment may greatly increase the probability of infection with this pathogenic bacterium.

The inhibitory impact of Schisandrin on inflammation and oxidative stress alleviates LPS-induced acute kidney injury.

Inflammation and oxidative stress (OS) are the major pathogenic characteristics of acute kidney injury (AKI). Studies have shown that Schisandrin (Sch) could regulate inflammatory disease. However, the function and mechanism of Sch in AKI progression are still unknown. Here, we investigated Sch's potential effects and mechanism on mice's renal damage and macrophages induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Sch decreased LPS-induced inflammatory factor production while increasing the activity of related antioxidant enzymes in macrophages and mouse kidney tissues. Hematoxylin and eosin staining revealed that Sch may have the ability to profoundly inhibit inflammatory cell invasion and tissue damage caused by LPS in renal tissue. Furthermore, Western blot and immunohistochemical studies showed that Sch exerted its effects mainly through up-regulation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase-1 and inhibition of Toll-like receptor 4‒mitogen-activated protein kinases/nuclear factor-kappa B pathways. Collectively, this study illustrates that Sch suppresses LPS-stimulated AKI by descending inflammation and OS, illuminating prospective AKI treatment options.

A case of primary breast angiosarcoma diagnosed by multimodal ultrasound imaging with literature review.

Primary Breast Angiosarcoma (PBA) is an exceptionally rare form of breast cancer, accounting for less than 0.05% of all breast cancers. It is characterized by a high level of malignancy, invasiveness, and has a prognosis that is typically poor. The lack of distinctive clinical features makes it prone to underdiagnosis and misdiagnosis. This study retrospectively examines a case utilizing multimodal ultrasound imaging techniques (including 2D ultrasound, contrast-enhanced ultrasound, and ultrasound elastography) for diagnosing PBA. Furthermore, the study reviews relevant literature to summarize the ultrasound characteristics of PBA, with the aim of improving understanding of this elusive condition.

Tectoridin exhibits anti-rheumatoid arthritis activity through the inhibition of the inflammatory response and the MAPK pathway in vivo and in vitro.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by inflammation infiltration of the synovial tissues and the fibroblast-like synoviocytes. Tectoridin is a botanical active ingredient with anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, the anti-arthritic effects of tectoridin and its mechanism of action are examined in TNF-α-induced human fibroblast-like synovial cells (HFLSs cells) and complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-stimulated arthritic mice. Arthritis progression was evaluated via bodyweight, hind paw swelling, organ index, and synovial pathology. IL-1ß, IL-6 and other pro-inflammatory factors concentrations, and the expression of MAPK pathway proteins in HFLSs cells and arthritic mice were measured using ELISA and western blotting. Results showed that tectoridin significantly decreased the swelling of the paws and joints as well as the increased immune organ index within CFA-induced arthritic mice. Histopathological analysis showed that tectoridin alleviated the lesions of ankle joints and synovial tissues induced by CFA. Secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines in TNF-α-induced HFLSs cells and CFA-stimulated arthritic mice were also abated by tectoridin. Similarly, the presence of tectoridin significantly inhibited the abnormal phosphorylation levels of ERK, JNK, and p38 in vivo and in vitro. All those results highlighted that tectoridin exhibits anti-arthritis effects by inhibiting MAPK-mediated inflammatory responses.

Tectoridin alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation via inhibiting TLR4-NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling in vivo and in vitro.

BACKGROUND: Tectoridin, widely extracted and separated from the rhizome of Iris tectorum Maxim, is extensively reported to have affluent bioactivity, but rarely reported to have anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, we aim to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects and the underlying mechanisms of tectoridin. METHODS: Here, RAW264.7 macrophages were stimulated with Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for the inflammation model in vitro. Experimental animals received tectoridin and Dexamethasone (DEX) before LPS injection for endotoxic shock mouse model in vivo. The pro-inflammatory mediators and cytokines in the cell supernatant and serum were detected by ELISA kits. The tissue damages were assessed by biochemical indexes and H&E staining. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot were performed for the detection of proteins. RESULTS: Our data showed that tectoridin attenuated the LPS-up-regulated nitric oxide (NO), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-18 (IL-18) from macrophages and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α); (IL-6) and (IL-1ß) in the serum levels. Besides, our histopathological study showed that the damages caused by LPS in the lung, liver, and kidney tissues were decreased. Furthermore, our results demonstrated that tectoridin inhibited the activation of TLR4-NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling proved by immunohistochemistry assay and Western blot. CONCLUSION: Taken all together, tectoridin might have the potential ability of anti-inflammatory effects and the possible mechanism may be relevant to its inhibition of TLR4-NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling.

Enhancing cellulosic ethanol production through coevolution of multiple enzymatic characteristics of ß-glucosidase from Penicillium oxalicum 16.

In previous studies, we isolated a novel ß-glucosidase from Penicillium oxalicum 16 (16BGL), which is useful for producing cellulosic ethanol. However, 16BGL has a relatively low enzyme activity and product tolerance; besides, a huge gap exists between the optimum temperature of 16BGL (70 °C) and the fermentation temperature for producing cellulosic ethanol (40 °C). Here, we present a directed evolution-based study, which combines one-round error-prone PCR with three rounds of high-throughput screening, for coevolving multiple enzymatic characteristics of 16BGL. We identified an improved variant Y-1-B1 with a triple mutant (G414S/D421V/T441S). Y-1-B1 had an optimum temperature of 50 °C, much closer to the fermentation temperature. The catalytic efficiency of Y-1-B1 for hydrolyzing pNPG was 1355 mM-1 s-1 at 50 °C and pH 5, significantly higher than that of 16BGL (807 mM-1 s-1). Y-1-B1 also achieved a slightly reduced strength of product inhibition of 1.1 at a glucose concentration of 20 mM, compared with the ratio of 1.3 for 16BGL. A maximum titer of 6.9 g/L for ethanol production was achieved in the reaction with Y-1-B1, which was 22% higher than that achieved with 16BGL. Structure modeling revealed that the mutations are distant from the active-site pocket. Therefore, we performed molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to understand why these mutations can improve catalytic efficiency. MD simulation revealed that the nucleophilic residue Asp261 had a much closer contact with the glucosidic center of pNPG in the simulation with Y-1-B1 than that with 16BGL, suggesting that the mutant is more favorable for catalysis. KEY POINTS: • Multiple enzymatic properties of Penicillium oxalicum 16 BGL were coevolved. • A catalytically efficient triple mutant G414S/D421V/T441S was reported. • Molecular dynamics simulation supported the enhanced catalytic activity.

Co-evolution of ß-glucosidase activity and product tolerance for increasing cellulosic ethanol yield.

ß-Glucosidase (BGL) plays a key role in cellulose hydrolysis. However, it is still a great challenge to enhance product tolerance and enzyme activity of BGL simultaneously. Here, we utilized one round error-prone PCR to engineer the Penicillium oxalicum 16 BGL (16BGL) for improving the cellulosic ethanol yield. We identified a new variant (L-6C), a triple mutant (M280T/V484L/D589E), with enhanced catalytic efficiency ([Formula: see text]) for hydrolyzing pNPG and reduced strength of inhibition ([Formula: see text]) by glucose. To be specific, L-6C achieved a [Formula: see text] of 0.35 at a glucose concentration of 20 mM, which was 3.63 times lower than that attained by 16BGL. The catalytic efficiency for L-6C to hydrolyze pNPG was determined to be 983.68 mM-1 s-1, which was 22% higher than that for 16BGL. However, experiments showed that L-6C had reduced binding affinity (2.88 mM) to pNGP compared with 16BGL (1.69 mM). L-6C produced 6.15 g/L ethanol whose yield increased by about 10% than 16BGL. We performed molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, and binding free energy calculation using the Molecular Mechanics/Poisson Boltzmann surface area (MM/PBSA) method. MD simulation together with the MM/PBSA calculation suggested that L-6C had reduced binding free energy to pNPG, which was consistent with the experimental data.

Diastereoselective Synthesis of CF3-Containing Vicinal Diamines.

The highly diastereoselective synthesis of CF3-containing vicinal diamines by a convenient two-step procedure without the need to isolate the intermediate products is described.

Synthesis and antioxidant activity of curcumin analogs.

Numerous biological activities including antioxidant, antitumor, anti-inflammation, and antivirus of the natural product curcumin were reported. However, the clinical application of it was significantly limited by its instability, poor solubility, less body absorbing, and low bioavailability. This review focuses on the structure modification and antioxidant activity evaluation of curcumin. To study the structure-activity relationship (SAR), five series of curcumin analogs were synthesized and their antioxidant activity were evaluated in vitro. The results showed that electron-donating groups, especially the phenolic hydroxyl group are an essential component to improve the antioxidant activity.

Associations between gene polymorphisms of the apelin-APJ system and the risk of hypertension.

The aim of this study was to assess the associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the apelin and APJ (apelin receptor) genes and the risk of hypertension in people living in the south-east coastal area of China. A cross-sectional study involving 1031 participants was performed. Genotypes of the apelin (rs3115757, rs56204867 and rs3761581) and APJ (rs7119375 and rs9943582) genes were determined by the TaqMan® MGB probe method. For male patients, the frequencies of mutant alleles in the three apelin gene SNPs were significantly different between the hypertension and control groups (all p < 0.05), while no significant difference was obtained for frequencies of mutant alleles in the two APJ gene SNPs (p > 0.05). For females, the frequencies of mutant alleles in all five SNPs were not significantly different between the hypertension and control groups (all p > 0.05). After adjusting for several factors, the risk of developing hypertension increased significantly in patients, regardless of gender, carrying rs3115757-C, rs56204867-C or rs3761581-A allele (all p < 0.05). The optimal gene-gene interaction model for both males and females with regard to hypertension was apelin rs3761581-apelin rs3115757-APJ rs7119375. In conclusion, gene polymorphisms of the apelin-APJ system are associated with susceptibility to hypertension.

Anti-hepatocellular carcinoma activity and mechanism of chemopreventive compounds: ursolic acid derivatives.

CONTEXT: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common cancer around the world, with high mortality rate. Currently, there is no effective drug for the therapy of HCC. Ursolic acid (UA) is a natural product which exists in various medicinal herbs and fruits, exhibiting multiple biological effects such as its outstanding anticancer and hepatoprotective activity, which has drawn many pharmacists' attention. OBJECTIVE: This paper summarizes the current status of the hepatoprotective activity of UA analogues and explains the related mechanism, providing a clear direction for the development of novel anti-HCC drugs. METHODS: All of the data resources were derived from PubMed. By comparing the IC50 values and analyzing the structure-activity relationships, we listed compounds with good pharmacological activity from the relevant literature, and summarized their anti-HCC mechanism. RESULTS: From the database, 58 new UA derivatives possessing wonderful anticancer and hepatoprotective effects were listed, and the relevant anti-HCC mechanism were discussed. CONCLUSION: UA's anti-HCC effect is the result of combined action of many mechanisms. These 58 new UA derivatives, particularly compounds 45 and 53, can be used as potential drugs for the treatment of liver cancer.

Downregulation of MiR-30a is Associated with Poor Prognosis in Lung Cancer.

BACKGROUND: Recent reports have suggested that miR-30a plays a tumor-suppressive role in various cancers. However, miR-30a has not been completely studied in non-small lung cancer (NSCLC). Thus, the aim of the present study was to clarify the association between the expression of miR-30a and the clinicopathological features in NSCLC patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Total RNA of miR-30a was extracted from 125 pairs of NSCLC patients (male 75, female 50) and their matching normal tissues. The miR-30a level was detected by using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Simultaneously, the 2-ΔCq method was used to calculate the correlation between miR-30a expression and the clinicopathological parameters and prognosis of NSCLC patients. RESULTS: MiR-30a expression was significantly down-regulated in NSCLC tissues (4.0696±2.4178) compared to their non-tumor lung tissues (7.4530±3.0561, P<0.001). Level of miR-30a was negatively correlated to tumor size (r=-0.197, P=0.028), lymphatic metastasis (r=-0.312, P<0.001), clinical TNM stage (r=-0.299, P=0.001), pathological grading (I/II vs. III, r=-0.224, P=0.001), and histological classification (r=-0.299, P=0.001). Survival time was 3.23±2.18 months in the low miR-30a expression group, remarkably shorter than that of the high expression group (20.72±11.63 months, P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: MiR-30a may be regarded as a tumor suppressor in NSCLC, and it could become a prognostic marker and potential therapeutic target for NSCLC.

Apelin and APLN single nucleotide polymorphisms and combined hypertension and central retinal artery stenosis in a Chinese population.

Apelin activity plays a role in regulating blood pressure. This study explored the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the Apelin gene (APLN) with hypertension and hypertension with central retinal artery equivalent (CRAE) stenosis in a coastal Chinese population. All subjects answered an epidemiological survey for demographic and disease characteristics. Apelin levels were determined and three APLN SNPs, rs56204867, rs3115757, and rs3761581, were evaluated. CRAE was measured using fundus photography. Apelin levels were significantly lower in subjects with hypertension and hypertension with CRAE stenosis (0.23 ± 0.10 ng/ml and 0.21 ± 0.08 ng/ml, respectively) compared with control subjects (0.25 ± 0.11 ng/ml; p < 0.001). Linear regression analysis showed hypertension and hypertension with CRAE stenosis was associated with age, being male, systolic blood pressure, abnormal blood lipids, and Apelin levels. Genetic analysis indicated that in both males and females SNP rs3761581 was associated with hypertension and that more males carrying rs56204867 and rs3761581 T-A haplotype had hypertension (61.88%) and hypertension with CRAE stenosis (56.82%) than control males (39.33%). In this Chinese population, Apelin and APLN SNP rs3761581 was associated with combined hypertension with CRAE, indicating that the expression of APLN gene products may be involved in vascular injury.

Clinical Characteristics of Abdominal Infections Caused by Raoultella Spp.: A Retrospective Study.

Background: In recent years, Raoultella spp. have attracted clinical attention as a new type of pathogen. The most common of human infection with Raoultella are bacteremia, urinary tract infections, abdominal infections, etc. Abdominal infection is a serious and complex infection problem. However, there have been no systematic reports of abdominal infections caused by Raoultella. The objective of this study was to explore the clinical characteristics of Raoultella abdominal infections and provide a reference for clinical practice. Methods: A review of publications on abdominal infections caused by the genus Raoultella between 2009 and 2024 is carried out. This review studied seven parameters: infection type, number of cases, gender, age, comorbidities, treatment, and outcome, and descriptive statistical methods were used to analyze the results. Results: A total of 40 cases (16 Raoultella ornithinolytica and 24 Raoultella planticola) were analyzed: 20 cases of biliary tract infection, 5 cases of liver infection, and 4 cases of peritonitis. Fever and abdominal pain were the main symptoms, and some patients present with multiple skin flushes, systemic erythema. Of the 40 cases, 92.5% of patients had underlying diseases. Among them, malignant disease, immunodeficiency, and invasive operations increase the risk of infection. On the basis of the drug susceptibility results, the preferred antibiotics are quinolone, third generations of cephalosporins, carbapenems, and aminoglycoside. Last, patients with abdominal infections caused by Raoultella spp. mostly have a good prognosis after early use of sensitive antibiotics. Conclusions: According to existing literature reports, the main type of abdominal infection caused by Raoultella is biliary tract infection, and most patients have other underlying diseases. Malignancy, immune deficiency, and invasive procedures are risk factors for bacterial infections. This review also emphasizes that Raoultella spp. is a rarely found opportunistic pathogen, which can cause a high incidence of healthcare-associated infections after invasive procedures.

Schisandrin inhibits VSMCs proliferation and migration by arresting cell cycle and targeting JAK2 to regulating the JAK2/STAT3 pathway.

Abnormal proliferation, migration, and foam cell formation of Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) each play a role in the development of atherosclerosis (AS). Schisandrin (Sch) is the active lignan ingredient with broad-spectrum pharmacological effects. However, the role of Sch in the AS process is not clear. Therefore, this study was proposed to explore the therapeutic effect and potential mechanism of Sch on VSMCs. Ox-LDL was selected to create an atherosclerosis injury environment for VSMCs and macrophages. The MTT assay, Oil red O staining, wound healing, transwell experiments and ELISA were used to investigate the phenotype effects of Sch. Network pharmacology, molecular docking, flow cytometry, and western blot were used to investigate the underlying mechanisms of Sch on AS progression. Our findings implied that Sch treatment inhibited the proliferation and migration of VSMCs, and suppressed the ROS production and inflammatory cytokines up-regulation of VSMCs and macrophages. Moreover, Sch reduced lipid uptake and foam cell formation through downregulating LOX-1. Mechanistically, we found that Sch can inhibit the activation of JAK2/STAT3 signaling by targeting JAK2, and arrest cell cycle in GO/G1 phase. In summary, Sch can inhibit VSMCs proliferation and migration by arresting cell cycle and targeting JAK2 to regulating the JAK2/STAT3 pathway. Sch may serve as a potential drug for patients with AS.

[The relationship between association of microalbuminuria and retinal vessel diameter in population with essential hypertension].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association of urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) and the diameter of retinal vessel in population with essential hypertension in Fujian coastal area. METHODS: Central retinal artery and vein equivalents (CRAE and CRVE) were measured from the avoiding mydriatic digitized photographs and semi-automatic fundus analysis software, as well as albumin and urine creatinine. RESULTS: There were significant differences in CRAE levels among the normal control group, normoalbuminuria with essential hypertension group and microalbuminuria with essential hypertension group [(135.68 ± 10.10) µm, (129.79 ± 10.48) µm, (125.29 ± 11.17) µm, all P values < 0.01]. The CRAE levels were significantly negative correlated with UACR (r = -0.29, P < 0.01). Linear regression analysis showed CRAE was associated with UACR in the patients with hypertension(ß = -5.0, P < 0.01). Logistic regression analysis showed, systolic blood pressure (ß = 1.08, P = 0.02) was risk factor for CRAE abnormality. The CRAE abnormality was increased in turn in the normal control group, normoalbuminuria with the essential hypertension group and microalbuminuria with essential hypertension group (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: The reduction of central retinal artery diameter are associated with the hypertensive renal damage. UACR and CRAE could be used to evaluate the microvascular lesions and be used as an indicator to assess the target organs damage in essential hypertension patients.

Case report: nanopore targeted sequencing in the diagnosis of invasive pulmonary Aspergillus infection in a patient with acute promyelocytic leukemia.

Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is an infectious disease with a high mortality rate due to diagnostic difficulties associated with the lack of a typical clinical presentation and the inadequacy of the available laboratory testing methods. Nanopore targeted sequencing (NTS) is an alternative method of broad-based pathogen discovery, associated with rapid turnaround and high accuracy. This case report presents a patient with IPA and acute promyelocytic leukemia, diagnosed using the NTS method, which detected Aspergillus flavus in the patient's blood and pleural fluid. The patient was treated effectively with antifungal therapy. Early diagnosis of IPA improved long-term patient prognosis and quality of life.

Panlongqi tablet suppresses adjuvant-induced rheumatoid arthritis by inhibiting the inflammatory reponse in vivo and in vitro.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Panlongqi Tablet is prepared with the ancestral secret recipe provided by Mr. Wang Jiacheng, a famous specialist in orthopedics and traumatology of China. The efficacy and safety of PLQT have been supported by years of clinical practice in the treatment of joint-related conditions. Has remarkable effect for treating rheumatoid arthritis (RA) clinically. However, its mechanism is not entirely clear. AIM OF THE STUDY: We aim to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of PLQT and explore its mechanism in adjuvant-induced arthritis (AA) mice and LPS-induced Human fibroblast-like synovial (HFLS) cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS: To this end, we analyzed the active ingredients in PLQT by HPLC-MS/MS. Furthermore, the anti-RA effect of PLQT was studied through proliferation, apoptosis, foot swelling, cytokine levels, immune organ index, histopathology and related signal pathways in LPS-induced HFLS cells and AA-treated mice. RESULTS: HPLC-MS/MS results showed that PLQT contained a variety of active compounds, such as epicatechin, imperatorin, hydroxysafflor yellow A and so on. PLQT significantly inhibited the abnormal proliferation of HFLS cells induced by LPS, promoted cell apoptosis. In AA-treated mice, PLQT alleviated RA symptoms by alleviating paw swelling, synovial hyperplasia, pannus formation, inflammatory cell infiltration, and inhibiting abnormal immune responses. The results showed that PLQT significantly decreased the expression of inflammatory mediators (IL-1ß, IL-6, IL-17) in vivo and in vitro, which may be related to the regulation of PI3K/Akt, MAPK and JAK/STAT signaling pathways. CONCLUSION: Based on serum pharmacology and in vivo pharmacology studies, PLQT may regulate RA symptoms by regulating inflammatory and immune response-related pathways, which is an effective method for the treatment of RA.