Risk factors of primary Sjögren's syndrome combined with osteoporosis. / åŽŸå‘æ€§å¹²ç‡¥ç»¼åˆå¾åˆå¹¶éª¨è´¨ç–æ¾çš„å±é™©å› ç´ .

Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is a systemic autoimmune disease that is prevalent in middle-aged and elderly women, characterized by dry mouth, dry eyes, fatigue, and joint pain. Nearly one-third pSS patients have been suffering with osteoporosis (OP), displaying symptoms of lumbago, back pain, and even fracture, all of which severely affect their life quality. Common risk factors for pSS and OP include gender and age, persistent state of inflammation, immune disorders, intestinal flora imbalance, vitamin D deficiency, dyslipidemia and sarcopenia. Meanwhile, the comorbidities of pSS, such as renal tubular acidosis, primary biliary cholangitis, autoimmune thyroid diseases, and drugs (glucocorticoids, methotrexate, and cyclophosphamide) are unique risk factors for pSS complicated with OP. Education, guidance of healthy lifestyle, and OP screening are recommended for bone management of pSS patients. Early detection and intervention are crucial for keeping bone health and life quality in pSS patients.

Exploring the mechanisms of action of Zengye decoction (ZYD) against Sjogren's syndrome (SS) using network pharmacology and animal experiment.

CONTEXT: Zengye decoction (ZYD) has been considered to have a curative effect on Sjogren's syndrome (SS). However, its therapeutic mechanisms remain obscure. OBJECTIVES: This research explores the mechanisms of ZYD against SS. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The active compounds and targets of ZYD were searched in the TCMSP and BATMAN-TCM databases. SS-related targets were obtained from the GeneCards database. The GO and KEGG enrichment analyses elucidated the molecular mechanisms. Animal experiments were performed using 8 C57BL/6 mice that served as the control group (physiological saline treatment) and 16 NOD mice randomly divided into the model group (physiological saline treatment) and the ZYD group (ZYD treatment) for 8 weeks to verify the therapeutic effects of ZYD on SS. RESULTS: Twenty-nine active compounds with 313 targets of ZYD and 1038 SS-related targets were screened. Thirty-two common targets were identified. ß-Sitosterol and stigmasterol might be important components. GO analysis suggested that the action of ZYD against SS mainly involved oxidative stress, apoptotic processes, and tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily binding, etc. KEGG analysis indicated the most significant signaling pathway was apoptosis-multiple species. Animal experiments showed that ZYD improved lymphocytic infiltration of the submandibular glands (SMGs), reduced the serum levels of TNF-α, IL-1ß, IL-6, and IL-17, upregulated the expression of Bcl-2, and downregulated the expression of Bax and Caspase-3 in the model mice. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: ZYD has anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects on SS, which provides a theoretical basis for the treatment of SS with ZYD.