A Carbon-Caged Rhodamine Generating Nitrosoperoxycarbonate for Photoimmunotherapy.

Photoimmunotherapy is a promising cancer treatment modality. While potent 1-e- oxidative species are known to induce immunogenic cell death (ICD), they are also associated with unspecific oxidation and collateral tissue damage. This difficulty may be addressed by post-generation radical reinforcement. Namely, non-oxidative radicals are first generated and subsequently activated into powerful oxidative radicals to induce ICD. Here, we developed a photo-triggered molecular donor (NPCD565) of nitrosoperoxycarbonate (ONOOCO2 -), the first of its class to our knowledge, and further evaluated its feasibility for immunotherapy. Upon irradiation of NPCD565 by light within a broad spectral region from ultraviolet to red, ONOOCO2 - is released along with a bright rhodamine dye (RD565), whose fluorescence is a reliable and convenient build-in reporter for the localization, kinetics, and dose of ONOOCO2 - generation. Upon photolysis of NPCD565 in 4T1 cells, damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) indicative of ICD were observed and confirmed to exhibit immunogenicity by induced maturation of dendritic cells. In vivo studies with a bilateral tumor-bearing mouse model showcased the potent tumor-killing capability of NPCD565 of the primary tumors and growth suppression of the distant tumors. This work unveils the potent immunogenicity of ONOOCO2 -, and its donor (NPCD565) has broad potential for photo-immunotherapy of cancer.

Modification of size cutoff for biopsy based on the American College of Radiology Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (TI-RADS) for thyroid nodules in patients younger than 19 years.

OBJECTIVES: To modify the size cutoff for biopsy for thyroid nodules in patients < 19 years based on the American College of Radiology Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (TI-RADS) and evaluate the performance of the new criteria in two referral centers. METHODS: Patients < 19 years with cytopathologic or surgical pathology results were retrospectively identified from two centers from May 2005 to August 2022. Patients from one center were classified as the training cohort, and those from the other center were classified as the validation cohort. The diagnostic performance, unnecessary biopsy rates, and missed malignancy rates of the TI-RADS guideline, and the new criteria (≥ 35 mm for TR3 and no threshold for TR5) were compared. RESULTS: A total of 236 nodules from 204 patients in the training cohort and 225 nodules from 190 patients in the validation cohort were analyzed. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the new criteria in identifying thyroid malignant nodules was higher (0.809 vs. 0.681, p < 0.001; 0.819 vs. 0.683, p < 0.001), and the unnecessary biopsy rates (45.0% vs. 56.8%; 42.2% vs. 56.8%) and missed malignancy rates (5.7% vs. 18.6%; 9.2% vs. 21.5%) were lower than that of the TI-RADS guideline in the training cohort and validation cohort, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The new criteria (≥ 35 mm for TR3 and no threshold for TR5) for biopsy based on the TI-RADS may help improve the diagnostic performance and reduce unnecessary biopsy rates and missed malignancy rates for thyroid nodules in patients < 19 years. CLINICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT: The study developed and validated the new criteria (≥ 35 mm for TR3 and no threshold for TR5) to indicate FNA based on the ACR TI-RADS of thyroid nodules in patients younger than 19 years. KEY POINTS: •The AUC of the new criteria (≥ 35 mm for TR3 and no threshold for TR5) in identifying thyroid malignant nodules was higher than that of the TI-RADS guideline (0.809 vs. 0.681) in patients < 19 years. •The unnecessary biopsy rates and missed malignancy rates of the new criteria (≥ 35 mm for TR3 and no threshold for TR5) in identifying thyroid malignant nodules were lower than that of the TI-RADS guideline in patients < 19 years (45.0% vs. 56.8% and 5.7% vs. 18.6%, respectively).

Research progress on pathogenic and therapeutic mechanisms of Enterovirus A71.

In recent years, enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) infection has become a major global public health problem, especially for infants and young children. The results of epidemiological research show that EV-A71 infection can cause acute hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) and complications of the nervous system in severe cases, including aseptic pediatric meningoencephalitis, acute flaccid paralysis, and even death. Many studies have demonstrated that EV-A71 infection may trigger a variety of intercellular and intracellular signaling pathways, which are interconnected to form a network that leads to the innate immune response, immune escape, inflammation, and apoptosis in the host. This article aims to provide an overview of the possible mechanisms underlying infection, signaling pathway activation, the immune response, immune evasion, apoptosis, and the inflammatory response caused by EV-A71 infection and an overview of potential therapeutic strategies against EV-A71 infection to better understand the pathogenesis of EV-A71 and to aid in the development of antiviral drugs and vaccines.

Harnessing Thorpe-Ingold Dialkylation to Access High-Hill-Percentage pH Probes.

Sensitivity is an important parameter for a molecular probe. Hill-type pH probes exhibit improved detection sensitivity compared to the traditional pH probes following the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation. Exploiting positive cooperativity, we recently devised a novel molecular scaffold (PHX) to offer such an unconventional Hill-type pH titration profile. We previously confirmed that PHX is not a pure Hill-type probe yet. Only 64% of its absorbance/fluorescence turn-on is the result of a Hill-type pathway. The remaining 36% is from an undesired Henderson-Hasselbalch-type pathway (HH pathway). In this work, the Thorpe-Ingold dialkylation was harnessed to further suppress the percent contribution of the HH pathway down to 16%. We also propose that PHX is a viable molecular model for assessing the efficacy of the steric compressing effect induced by different Thorpe-Ingold dialkylations.

Application of preoperative ultrasound features combined with clinical factors in predicting HER2-positive subtype (non-luminal) breast cancer.

BACKGROUND: Human epidermal growth factor receptor2+ subtype breast cancer has a high degree of malignancy and a poor prognosis. The aim of this study is to develop a prediction model for the human epidermal growth factor receptor2+ subtype (non-luminal) of breast cancer based on the clinical and ultrasound features related with estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor2. METHODS: We collected clinical data and reviewed preoperative ultrasound images of enrolled breast cancers from September 2017 to August 2020. We divided the data into in three groups as follows. Group I: estrogen receptor ± , Group II: progesterone receptor ± and Group III: human epidermal growth factor receptor2 ± . Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to analyze the clinical and ultrasound features related with biomarkers among these groups. A model to predict human epidermal growth factor receptor2+ subtype was then developed based on the results of multivariate regression analyses, and the efficacy was evaluated using the area under receiver operating characteristic curve, accuracy, sensitivity, specificity. RESULTS: The human epidermal growth factor receptor2+ subtype accounted for 138 cases (11.8%) in the training set and 51 cases (10.1%) in the test set. In the multivariate regression analysis, age ≤ 50 years was an independent predictor of progesterone receptor + (p = 0.007), and posterior enhancement was a negative predictor of progesterone receptor + (p = 0.013) in Group II; palpable axillary lymph node, round, irregular shape and calcifications were independent predictors of the positivity for human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 in Group III (p = 0.001, p = 0.007, p = 0.010, p < 0.001, respectively). In Group I, shape was the only factor related to estrogen receptor status in the univariate analysis (p < 0.05). The area under receiver operating characteristic curve, accuracy, sensitivity, specificity of the model to predict human epidermal growth factor receptor2+ subtype breast cancer was 0.697, 60.14%, 72.46%, 58.49% and 0.725, 72.06%, 64.71%, 72.89% in the training and test sets, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Our study established a model to predict the human epidermal growth factor receptor2-positive subtype with moderate performance. And the results demonstrated that clinical and ultrasound features were significantly associated with biomarkers.

Fabrication of a Hierarchical Ni(OH)2 @Ni3 S2 /Ni Foam Electrode from a Prussian Blue Analogue-Based Composite with Enhanced Electrochemical Capacitive and Electrocatalytic Properties.

Developing high-efficiency, cost-effective, and durable electrodes is significant for electrochemical capacitors and electrocatalysis. Herein, a 3D bifunctional electrode consisting of nickel hydroxide nanosheets@nickel sulfide nanocubes arrays on Ni foam (Ni(OH)2 @Ni3 S2 /NF) obtained from a Prussian blue analogue-based precursor is reported. The 3D higher-order porous structure and synergistic effect of different compositions endow the electrode with large specific surface area, facile ion/electron transport path, and improved conductivity. As a result, the Ni(OH)2 @Ni3 S2 /NF electrode exhibits a high specific capacity of 211 mA h g-1 at a current density of 1 A g-1 and 73 % capacity retention after 5000 cycles at 5 A g-1 . Moreover, the Ni(OH)2 @Ni3 S2 /NF electrode has superior electrocatalytic activity for the hydrogen evolution reaction with low overpotentials of 140 and 210 mV at current densities of 10 and 100 mA cm-2 , respectively. The synthetic strategy for the unique higher-order porous structure can be extended to fabricate other composite materials for energy storage and conversion.

High Biologically Effective Dose Radiotherapy for Brain Metastases May Improve Survival and Decrease Risk for Local Relapse Among Patients With Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Propensity-Matching Analysis.

To evaluate whether high biologically effective dose (BED) radiotherapy improves local control and survival outcomes for patients with brain metastases (BMs) from small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) and to determine possible prognostic factors. From January 1998 to June 2018, 250 patients with BM from SCLC were retrospectively analyzed. The Cutoff Finder program was used to classify patients by BED. Overall survival (OS) and BM progression-free survival (BM-PFS) were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test. A Cox regression model was used to calculate the hazard ratio and 95% CI for prognostic factors for OS among the study population and propensity score (PS)-matched patients. A BED of 47.4 was taken as the optimal cutoff value. Both OS and BM-PFS were significantly improved in the high-BED (>47.4 Gy) than in the low-BED (≤47.4 Gy) group (median OS: 17.5 months vs 9.5 months, P < .001, median BM-PFS: 14.4 months vs 8.3 months, P < .001). Biologically effective dose (P < .001), Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (P = .047), smoking (P = .005), and pleural effusion (P = .004) were independent prognostic factors for OS. Propensity score matching with a ratio of 1:2 resulted in 57 patients in the high-BED group and 106 patients in the low-BED group. In the PS-matched cohort, OS and BM-PFS were significantly prolonged in the high-BED group compared with the low-BED group (P < .001). Biologically effective dose >47.4 Gy improves survival among patients with BM from SCLC. Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group score, smoking, and pleural effusion independently affect OS of SCLC patients with BM.

Predictive value of monocytes and lymphocytes for short-term neutrophil changes in chemotherapy-induced severe neutropenia in solid tumors.

PURPOSE: To explore whether monocytes, lymphocytes, and platelets have a predictive value for short-term neutrophil changes in patients with severe neutropenia (SN) induced by chemotherapy. METHODS: Complete blood counts (CBC) were collected from a total of 62 patients with chemotherapy-induced SN from December 2013 to March 2018. CBCs at intervals of 1 day, 2 days, 3 days, 4 days, and 5 days were recorded, and logistic regression analyses were performed to determine whether the monocyte percentage (MP), absolute monocyte count (AMC), lymphocyte percentage (LP), absolute lymphocyte count (ALC), or platelet count (PC) were correlated with short-term neutrophil changes. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves (AUCs) were calculated for parameters with a P value < 0.05. RESULTS: The MP was significantly correlated with changes in neutrophils for intervals of 1 to 5 days, while the LP was significantly correlated with changes in neutrophils for intervals of 2 to 5 days. A cutoff value of 6.5% for the MP yielded a sensitivity of 80%, a specificity of 88.6%, and an AUC of 0.908 for predicting an increase in neutrophils on the third day. A cutoff value of 14.75% for the LP yielded a sensitivity of 93.3%, a specificity of 70.3%, and an AUC of 0.812 for predicting an increase in neutrophils on the sixth day. CONCLUSIONS: In chemotherapy-induced neutropenia patients, the MP is the best predictor of short-term neutrophil changes. Close monitoring and proper interpretation of the MP and LP are informative in managing chemotherapy-induced neutropenia.

Hierarchical FeCo2 S4 @FeNi2 S4 Core/Shell Nanostructures on Ni Foam for High-Performance Supercapacitors.

The design of electrode materials with rational core/shell structures is promising for improving the electrochemical properties of supercapacitors. Hence, hierarchical FeCo2 S4 @FeNi2 S4 core/shell nanostructures on Ni foam were fabricated by a simple hydrothermal method. Owing to their structure and synergistic effect, they deliver an excellent specific capacitance of 2393 F g-1 at 1 A g-1 and long cycle lifespan as positive electrode materials. An asymmetric supercapacitor device with FeCo2 S4 @FeNi2 S4 as positive electrode and graphene as negative electrode exhibited a specific capacitance of 133.2 F g-1 at 1 A g-1 and a high energy density of 47.37 W h kg-1 at a power density of 800 W kg-1 . Moreover, the device showed remarkable cycling stability with 87.0 % specific-capacitance retention after 5000 cycles at 2 A g-1 . These results demonstrate that the hierarchical FeCo2 S4 @FeNi2 S4 core/shell structures have great potential in the field of electrochemical energy storage.

Enhanced Quantum Dot Sensitized Solar Cells Performance with One-Step Synthesized Co0.85Se Counter Electrode.

The counter electrode (CE) with high catalytic activity has been vital to improve photovoltaic performance of quantum dot sensitized solar cells (QDSSCs). Cobalt selenide has been proved to have outstanding electrocatalytic activity among the electrode materials. In this work, Co0.85Se films were directly deposited on the F doped SnO2 glass (FTO) substrate by one-step solvothermal method. The film phase and microstructure were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM), respectively. Further, the effects of starting reactant concentration on the uniformity and continuity of Co0.85Se films were determined by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy-dispersive spectrometer (EDS). Then, QDSSCs with Co0.85Se film as CE and CdS/CdSe/TiO2 film as photoanode obtained a power conversion efficiency of 2.4%, which exceeded reported efficiency by 14%. Electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS) and Tafel-polarization measurements indicated that the enhanced performance was attributed to the superior catalytic activity and high diffusion coefficient at the interface between Co0.85Se CE and polysulfide electrolyte.

Histone deacetylase 3 inhibition alleviates 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene-induced atopic dermatitis via epigenetically upregulating Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a frequent skin disorder that is associated with immune dysfunction and skin inflammation. Histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) possesses strong immune and inflammatory modulatory properties in multiple diseases. However, the role and mechanism of HDAC3 in AD remain unknown. Here, we reported that HDAC3 expression was aberrantly upregulated in 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)-induced lesional AD skin in mice. Inhibition of HDAC3 by RGFP966 protected against DNCB-induced AD, indicated by improved histological damages, relieved inflammatory and immune dysfunction. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) signaling pathway activity in lesional AD skin was significantly decreased and RGFP966 attenuated the decrease. Inhibition of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway via Nrf2 inhibitor ML385 blunted anti-AD effect of RGFP966 in DNCB-treated mice. Mechanistically, RGFP966 promoted Nrf2 expression and upregulated H3K27ac deposition on the promoter region of Nrf2. Collectively, HDAC3 inhibition protects against AD via epigenetically activating Nrf2 transcription to upregulate Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway activity. HDAC3 may act as a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of AD.

Association between polymorphisms and atopic dermatitis susceptibility: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

AIM: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic pruritic inflammatory skin disease that is closely linked to genetic factors. Previous studies have revealed numerous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that been related to susceptibility to AD; however, the results are conflicting. Therefore, a meta-analysis was conducted to assess the associations of these polymorphisms and AD risk. MATERIAL AND METHODS: PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases were retrieved to identify eligible studies, with selected polymorphisms being reported in a minimum of three separate studies. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used to evaluate study quality. Review Manager 5.3 and STATA 14.0 were used to perform the meta-analysis. RESULTS: After screening, 64 studies involving 13 genes (24 SNPs) were selected for inclusion in the meta-analysis. Nine SNPs were positively correlated with AD susceptibility [filaggrin (FLG) R501X, FLG 2282del4, chromosome 11q13.5 rs7927894, interleukin (IL)-17A rs2275913, IL-18 -137 G/C, Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) rs5743708, TLR2 A-16934 T, serine protease inhibitor Kazal type-5 (SPINK5) Asn368Ser, interferon-γ (IFN-γ) T874A] and one was negatively associated with AD susceptibility (IL-4 -1098 T/G). The 14 remaining SNPs were not significantly associated with AD susceptibility. CONCLUSIONS: Nine SNPs that may be risk factors and one SNP that may be a protective factor for AD were identified, providing a reference for AD prediction, prevention, and therapy.

Association of asthma and lung cancer risk: A pool of cohort studies and Mendelian randomization analysis.

BACKGROUND: Over the past 2 decades, population-based studies have shown an increased association between asthma and the risk of lung cancer. However, the causal links between these 2 conditions remain poorly understood. METHODS: We conducted a comprehensive search of various databases, including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library, up until May 04, 2023. Only articles published in English were included in our study. We performed a meta-analysis using random-effects models to calculate the odds ratio (OR) and corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI). Subgroup analyses were conducted based on study design, gender, and histologic types. We also conducted a 2-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) using the genome-wide association study pooled data (408,422 people) published by the UK Biobank to explore further the potential causal relationship between asthma and lung cancer. RESULTS: Our meta-analysis reviewed 24 population-based cohort studies involving 1072,502 patients, revealing that asthma is significantly associated with an increased risk of lung cancer (OR = 1.29, 95% CI 1.19-1.38) in all individuals. Subgroup analysis showed a significantly higher risk of lung cancer in females with asthma (OR = 1.23, 95% CI 1.01-1.49). We found no significant association between asthma and lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) (OR = 0.76, 95% CI 0.54-1.05), lung squamous carcinomas (LUSC) (OR = 1.09, 95% CI 0.79-1.50), or small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) (OR = 1.00, 95% CI 0.68-1.49). Interestingly, our MR analysis supported an increasing causality between asthma and lung cancer (OR = 1.11, 95% CI 1.04-1.17, P = .0008), specifically in those who ever smoker (OR = 1.09, 95% CI 1.01-1.16, P = .0173) and LUSC pathological type (OR = 1.15, 95% CI 1.05-1.26, P = .0038). CONCLUSION: Through meta-analysis, our study confirms that patients with asthma have a higher risk of developing lung cancer. Our MR study further support an increasing causal relationship between asthma and the risk of lung cancer, particularly in smokers and LUSC. Future studies examining the link between asthma and the risk of developing lung cancer should consider the bias of controlled and uncontrolled asthma.

Sodium Butyrate Ameliorates Atopic Dermatitis-Induced Inflammation by Inhibiting HDAC3-Mediated STAT1 and NF-κB Pathway.

A topic dermatitis (AD) is a common chronic and recurrent skin disorder. The protective effects of sodium butyrate (NaB), a metabolite of short-chain fatty acid breakdown by the gut microbiota, have been widely reported in numerous inflammatory diseases. However, the effect of NaB treatment alone on AD has not been reported. In the current study, AD was induced in BALB/c mice with 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) for 28 days with NaB (200 mg/kg) treatment by gavage. NaB attenuated AD-induced skin bleeding, scarring, dryness, abrasions and erosions. In addition, NaB inhibited inflammatory cells infiltration and attenuated the expression of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Mechanistically, NaB reduced histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) expression and NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation by increasing the lysine acetylation levels of STAT1 and NF-κB p65 in AD. Taken together, our study suggests that NaB inhibits inflammatory mediators and ameliorates AD by inhibiting HDAC3 expression, thereby upregulating STAT1 and NF-κB p65 lysine acetylation levels and reducing NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation. Therefore, this study provides a new theoretical basis for NaB in the treatment of AD.

IMAGGS: a radiogenomic framework for identifying multi-way associations in breast cancer subtypes.

Investigating correlations between radiomic and genomic profiling in breast cancer (BC) molecular subtypes is crucial for understanding disease mechanisms and providing personalized treatment. We present a well-designed radiogenomic framework image-gene-gene set (IMAGGS), which detects multi-way associations in BC subtypes by integrating radiomic and genomic features. Our dataset consists of 721 patients, each of whom has 12 ultrasound (US) images captured from different angles and gene mutation data. To better characterize tumor traits, 12 multi-angle US images are fused using two distinct strategies. Then, we analyze complex many-to-many associations between phenotypic and genotypic features using a machine learning algorithm, deviating from the prevalent one-to-one relationship pattern observed in previous studies. Key radiomic and genomic features are screened using these associations. In addition, gene set enrichment analysis is performed to investigate the joint effects of gene sets and delve deeper into the biological functions of BC subtypes. We further validate the feasibility of IMAGGS in a glioblastoma multiforme dataset to demonstrate the scalability of IMAGGS across different modalities and diseases. Taken together, IMAGGS provides a comprehensive characterization for diseases by associating imaging, genes, and gene sets, paving the way for biological interpretation of radiomics and development of targeted therapy.

Power Doppler ultrasonography in the evaluation of infliximab treatment for sacroiliitis in patients with ankylosing spondylitis.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of using power Doppler ultrasound (PDUS) to detect changes in the sacroiliac joint regions after infliximab (an anti-TNF-α blocker) treatment in active axial ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients. A total of 110 sacroiliac joints in 55 patients with active AS were detected by PDUS before and after the infliximab treatment. The color flow signals inside the sacroiliac joints were observed, and the resistance index (RI) was measured. The clinical condition of the AS patients was improved compared with their condition before the infliximab treatment. Before the treatment, color flow signals were observed in 103 joints, and the mean RI value was 0.56 ± 0.06. Three months after the first infliximab treatment, color flow signals were observed in 50 joints, and the mean RI value was 0.87 ± 0.11. There were more blood flow signals in the sacroiliac joints before the infliximab treatment in patients with active AS (p < 0.01), and the mean RI value was higher after the infliximab treatment (p < 0.01). The blood flow signals in the sacroiliac joints became weaker or even disappeared and the RI values increased in patients with active sacroiliitis after infliximab treatment. This result shows that PDUS can be used in the follow-up of patients with axial AS.

Round ligament varicosities associated with uterine varicosities in pregnancy: a case report.

Round ligament varicosities associated with uterine varicosities are rare during pregnancy. We report the case of a pregnant woman with a painful mass in her left groin at 32 weeks' gestation. Ultrasound revealed multiple distended veins within the left round ligament and over the uterus. The patient was treated by close observation and had a vaginal delivery of a healthy baby.

Glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic and its modifier function as novel immunotargets in gastric adenocarcinoma.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the expression and function of glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic (GCLC) and glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic modifier (GCLM) in gastric adenocarcinoma. METHODS: Bioinformatics was used to analyze the expression of GCLC and GCLM. We download and analyzed the expression of gastric adenocarcinoma patients from TCGA database. Moreover, the method of immunochemistry was used to verify the expression of GCLC and GCLM in gastric adenocarcinoma. RESULTS: At first, the expression of GCLC and GCLM in gastric adenocarcinoma tissues were both significantly higher compared with normal tissues analyzed via TCGA database. Then, gastric adenocarcinoma tissues were collected and performed with immunochemistry. The gastric adenocarcinoma with positive staining for GCLC and GCLM was 77% and 80%, respectively, which was significantly higher compared with adjacent normal tissues (9% and 11%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The disordered expression of GCLC and GCLM in gastric adenocarcinoma suggested that these factors may induce tumorigenesis and may be a novel target for diagnosis and treatment of gastric adenocarcinoma.

Deep learning radiomics model based on breast ultrasound video to predict HER2 expression status.

Purpose: The detection of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) expression status is essential to determining the chemotherapy regimen for breast cancer patients and to improving their prognosis. We developed a deep learning radiomics (DLR) model combining time-frequency domain features of ultrasound (US) video of breast lesions with clinical parameters for predicting HER2 expression status. Patients and Methods: Data for this research was obtained from 807 breast cancer patients who visited from February 2019 to July 2020. Ultimately, 445 patients were included in the study. Pre-operative breast ultrasound examination videos were collected and split into a training set and a test set. Building a training set of DLR models combining time-frequency domain features and clinical features of ultrasound video of breast lesions based on the training set data to predict HER2 expression status. Test the performance of the model using test set data. The final models integrated with different classifiers are compared, and the best performing model is finally selected. Results: The best diagnostic performance in predicting HER2 expression status is provided by an Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost)-based time-frequency domain feature classifier combined with a logistic regression (LR)-based clinical parameter classifier of clinical parameters combined DLR, particularly with a high specificity of 0.917. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for the test cohort was 0.810. Conclusion: Our study provides a non-invasive imaging biomarker to predict HER2 expression status in breast cancer patients.

Evaluation of the role of postoperative radiotherapy in locally invasive thymoma: A propensity-matched study based on the SEER database.

OBJECTIVES: No consensus was reached on the efficacy of postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) in locally invasive thymomas because of the rarity of the thymic epithelial and the variations of study results. Therefore, we aimed to explore the efficacy of PORT in locally invasive thymomas using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. METHODS: Patients diagnosed with thymomas from 2004 to 2016 were identified using the SEER database. Prognostic factors of cancer-specific survival (CSS) and overall survival (OS) were identified using univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses.Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed to balance the baseline characteristics. RESULTS: A total of 700 eligible patients were identified. After PSM, 262 paired patients were selected from the two groups, those who received or did not receive PORT. Receiving PORT improved CSS and OS before and after PSM. In the matched population, the multivariate analyses showed that tumour invasion into adjacent organs/structures and non-utilisation of PORT were independent poor prognostic factors for CSS, whereas age ≥62 years,tumour invasion into adjacent organs/structures, and non-utilisation of PORT were independently associated with poorer OS. The subgroup analysis revealed that PORT improved CSS and OS in Masaoka-Koga stage III thymoma, but showed no OS benefit in Masaoka-Koga stage IIB thymoma. CONCLUSION: Based on the SEER database, we found that PORT provides a significant survival benefit in Masaoka-Koga stage III thymoma with complete or incomplete resection. The role of PORT in thymoma requires further evaluation.