RESUMO
To determine state psychiatric hospitals' responses to sexual behavior among inpatients, the authors sent a questionnaire to the directors of 86 state facilities. Eighty-eight percent of the 57 respondents considered sexual behavior to be a clinical problem. Most had a policy addressing sexual activities among patients, and 75 percent had psychoeducational programs. Although most of the hospitals that responded to the survey recognized the clinical and ethical issues associated with patients' sexuality, greater acknowledgement of these issues and sharing of information could promote the formulation of broader regional or national guidelines.
Assuntos
Hospitais Psiquiátricos/normas , Hospitais Estaduais/normas , Pacientes Internados/psicologia , Política Organizacional , Gestão da Segurança/métodos , Comportamento Sexual , Feminino , Infecções por HIV/prevenção & controle , Pesquisas sobre Atenção à Saúde , Humanos , Masculino , Transtornos Mentais/psicologia , Defesa do Paciente , Educação de Pacientes como Assunto/estatística & dados numéricos , Estados UnidosRESUMO
Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) survived in skim milk, cream and the pelleted cellular debris components of milk obtained from FMDV-infected cows after pasteurization at 72 degrees C for 0-25 min. Virus was recovered from whole milk of infected cows after that milk was heated at 72 degrees C. for 5 min. and from the skim milk component after it was heated at the same temperature for 2 min. Evaporation of the whole milk samples after they were heated at 72 degrees C. for 3 min. did not inactivate the virus, but evaporation of infected skim milk samples after they were heated at 72 degrees C. for 0-5 min. did inactivate the virus. FMDV survived in the cream component after it was heated at 93 degrees C. for 0-25 min.
Assuntos
Aphthovirus/isolamento & purificação , Temperatura Alta , Leite/microbiologia , Animais , Bovinos , Doenças dos Bovinos , Feminino , Febre AftosaRESUMO
The effects of pasteurization and evaporation on foot-and-mouth disease virus in whole milk from infected cows obtained one day postinoculation were studied. Virus survived the heating of milk at high temperature-short time pasteurization at 75 degrees C for 15-17 seconds. In addition, virus from infected milk survived heating at 80 degrees C for the same time. Infective virus also survived in the pasteurized milk after evaporation at 65 degrees C to 50% of the original volume. The bovine udder was found to be highly susceptible to foot-and-mouth disease virus replication. Seven log10 plaque-forming units/ml of virus were recovered in whole milk 24 hours postinoculation, and decreasing titers were recovered for as long as seven days postinoculation.