RESUMO
A study was made of the activity of the marker enzymes of plasma membranes Na+,K(+)-ATPase and AChE comparatively to the changes in red blood cell suspension viscosity. Interferometry and capillary viscosimetry were employed to examine red cell membranes of 100 patients suffering from multiple sclerosis. In the interval of physiological temperatures, the two temperatures areas -35 degrees and 40 degrees C characterized by specific behavior of the enzymes and viscosity changes were discovered. These temperature areas are viewed from the standpoints of temperature-induced structural transformations. Each of them has a definite clinical importance for the estimation of the activity of the underlying process. The fact of the existence of the complexly organized system of abnormal structural transformations attests to gross imbalance of red cell membranes. This phenomenon may also be observed as regards other membranes including the membrane of the oligodendrocyte. In addition to the evidence for the membrano-patho-chemical component in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis, the temperature-induced structural transformations play the role of diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis.
Assuntos
Acetilcolinesterase/sangue , Viscosidade Sanguínea/fisiologia , Membrana Eritrocítica/fisiologia , Esclerose Múltipla/sangue , ATPase Trocadora de Sódio-Potássio/sangue , Ativação Enzimática/fisiologia , Membrana Eritrocítica/enzimologia , Humanos , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , TemperaturaRESUMO
A study of the cerebral stroke morbidity and mortality was first carried out using the method of registering cerebral stroke under specific conditions of such a large city of Western Siberia as Novosibirsk. The annual incidence of cerebral stroke constituted 3.37 and that of mortality 1.2 per 1000 population. The study was specific in that it took into account minor (reversible) episodes of cerebral stroke, whose annual incidence was 0.52 per 1000 population. The characteristics of the morbidity and mortality are described for different age groups with the varying nature of stroke. It was noted that the morbidity and mortality associated with cerebral infarction were higher as compared with cerebral hemorrhage.
Assuntos
Transtornos Cerebrovasculares/epidemiologia , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Hemorragia Cerebral/epidemiologia , Infarto Cerebral/epidemiologia , Transtornos Cerebrovasculares/mortalidade , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Sistema de Registros , Fatores Sexuais , Sibéria , População UrbanaRESUMO
The cellular immunity was investigated in 218 patients with disseminated sclerosis at its exacerbation and remission, and in its two course types. Considerable quantitative and functional changes were detected in the T-cell system. The T-lymphocyte count did not correlated with their proliferative activity, and reduction in their suppressive activity was not correlated with their helper action. Cellular immunity was especially suppressed in activation of the disease and its progredient course. The authors conclude that the results of some immunological tests can provide additional diagnostic criteria for the disease detection and assessment of its activity, severity and prognosis.
Assuntos
Esclerose Múltipla/imunologia , Linfócitos T/imunologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Contagem de Células , Feminino , Humanos , Ativação Linfocitária , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Formação de Roseta , Linfócitos T Auxiliares-Indutores/imunologia , Linfócitos T Reguladores/imunologiaRESUMO
The authors examined 58 patients with multiple sclerosis and 56 healthy donors. The patients presented elevated production of the migration inhibition factor (MIF) by lymphoid cells to cerebral tissue antigens, most expressed in the acute period of the disease. The blood serum of patients with multiple sclerosis showed inhibitory activity, lymphocytes spontaneously produced the MIF in vitro. Hyperproduction of lymphokins may serve as one of the pathogenetic factors of generalization of the inflammatory process in the central nervous system in patients with multiple sclerosis and indicates impaired regulation of immunity.
Assuntos
Encéfalo/imunologia , Fatores Inibidores da Migração de Leucócitos/sangue , Leucócitos/imunologia , Linfocinas/sangue , Esclerose Múltipla/imunologia , Movimento Celular , Feminino , Humanos , Fatores Inibidores da Migração de Leucócitos/biossíntese , Leucócitos/metabolismo , Masculino , Esclerose Múltipla/sangueRESUMO
To reveal the dependence of the efficacy of the treatment of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) on the patient's HLA phenotype and to elaborate recommendations for individual treatment, 98 subjects who suffered TBE and who received different types of therapy in the acute period (isolated or combined use of specific homologous immunoglobulin and RNase) were subjected to immunogenetic examinations. The clinical follow-up and immunological examination of the subjects indicated made it possible to distinguish groups with a favorable and unfavourable outcome due to the treatment carried out in the acute period. Computer processing of the immunogenetic data on the patients with TBE allowed the deriving of individual predictors of the efficacy of the symptomatic and etiotropic therapy of TBE. The final effect due to the application of agents possessing an immunomodulating effect on specific humoral immune response is determined not only by the gravity of viral infection but is also associated with a number of allele variants of HLA complex genes which the patient has.
Assuntos
Encefalite Transmitida por Carrapatos/terapia , Imunização Passiva/métodos , Imunoglobulina M/administração & dosagem , Ribonucleases/administração & dosagem , Doença Aguda , Adolescente , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Criança , Encefalite Transmitida por Carrapatos/genética , Feminino , Marcadores Genéticos/genética , Antígenos HLA-A/genética , Antígenos HLA-B/genética , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fenótipo , Prognóstico , Fatores SexuaisRESUMO
The paper is concerned with the results of measuring the activity of Na+, K+, ATPase in red blood cell suspension in patients with different courses of multiple sclerosis (MS) within the range of physiological temperatures (34 to 42 degrees C). Account was taken of the interrelation of structural phasic transitions in cell membranes to the changes in enzymatic activity. There was a spasmodic increase of the activity of Na+, K+, ATPase at 35 degrees C and 40 degrees C at the moment of the clinical signs of disease exacerbation together with a twofold lowering of the enzymatic activity at a temperature of 35 degrees C during remission. The rise of the enzymatic activity at a temperature of 35 degrees C anticipates clinical exacerbation and thus may be of prognostic importance in the determination of the type of the disease course.
Assuntos
Membrana Eritrocítica/enzimologia , Esclerose Múltipla/sangue , ATPase Trocadora de Sódio-Potássio/sangue , Doença Aguda , Adulto , Ativação Enzimática , Feminino , Humanos , Técnicas In Vitro , Prognóstico , Indução de Remissão , TemperaturaRESUMO
On the basis of the data from the registry of cerebral stroke (CS) cases in Novosibirsk (covering 937 patients and 314 healthy control subjects) the authors have made a mathematical analysis of 19 factors of the risk of disease development. Nine factors have been isolated whose varying combinations were most contributory to the risk of the development of CS in the studied population: cardiac diseases, transient disorder of the cerebral circulation, arterial hypertension, atherosclerosis, aggravated heredity for cardiovascular diseases, intermittent claudication, diabetes mellitus, systematic alcohol abuse, and hypodynamia. The authors have developed a practicable and reliable system for predicting the development of cerebral stroke in apparently healthy subjects (the accuracy of prediction is 86%).
Assuntos
Transtornos Cerebrovasculares/epidemiologia , População Urbana , Transtornos Cerebrovasculares/etiologia , Transtornos Cerebrovasculares/prevenção & controle , Humanos , Matemática , Prognóstico , Fatores de Risco , SibériaRESUMO
Distribution of HLA antigens, haplotypes and phenotypes of the histocompatibility complex was studied and compared in 110 patients with tick borne encephalitis, living in Novosibirsk. The disease patterns and varieties were many and varied. Distribution of HLA antigens in 140 healthy subjects also living in Novosibirsk served as control. Based on the results of the immunogenetic examination of patients with tick borne encephalitis, the methods were elaborated, enabling one to predict with a high accuracy of probability the development of the feverish, meningeal or focal forms of tick borne encephalitis, one- or two-wave disease variety within the first days of disease. Concurrent analysis of the sex of the person bitten by the virulent tick and combination in one genotype of several allelic forms of the main histocompatibility complex genes allows one to raise appreciably the prognostic significance of the immunogenetic examination and to elaborate high-informative individual diagnostic criteria.
Assuntos
Encefalite Transmitida por Carrapatos/diagnóstico , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Criança , Encefalite Transmitida por Carrapatos/genética , Encefalite Transmitida por Carrapatos/imunologia , Antígenos HLA-A/análise , Antígenos HLA-A/genética , Antígenos HLA-B/análise , Antígenos HLA-B/genética , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fenótipo , Prognóstico , Índice de Gravidade de DoençaRESUMO
Examination of 166 patients with optic neuritis revealed that 65 of them developed multiple sclerosis (MS) at different times after optic neuritis. The observation period was 9.4 years on the average. Using the clinical, laboratory, immunogenetic methods the clinico-immunogenetic heterogeneity of optic neuritis was discovered, the highly informative specific clinical signs and immunogenetic markers suitable as criteria for predicting different variants of optic neuritis outcomes were defined. Using a heterogeneous successive procedure a method of individual ++pre-nosological prediction of MS in persons with a history of optic neuritis was devised.
Assuntos
Esclerose Múltipla/diagnóstico , Neurite Óptica/diagnóstico , Adolescente , Adulto , Marcadores Genéticos/genética , Marcadores Genéticos/imunologia , Antígenos HLA-A/genética , Antígenos HLA-B/genética , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Esclerose Múltipla/etiologia , Esclerose Múltipla/genética , Esclerose Múltipla/imunologia , Neurite Óptica/complicações , Neurite Óptica/genética , Neurite Óptica/imunologia , Prognóstico , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
Lincomycin was found to inhibit tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) virus. To test antiviral potential of this drug, a clinical trial was initiated entering TBE patients from known focuses of the disease (Novosibirsk, Kemerovo, Perm and Irkutsk Provinces). The drug was given to 23 patients with meningeal and meningoencephalitic TBE. A control group of 22 matched subjects received specific immunoglobulin. Resultant efficacy of lincomycin appeared not inferior to that of anti-TBE immunoglobulin. Lincomycin can be successfully introduced in the treatment of meningeal and meningoencephalitic TBE.
Assuntos
Encefalite Transmitida por Carrapatos/tratamento farmacológico , Lincomicina/uso terapêutico , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Avaliação de Medicamentos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , U.R.S.S.RESUMO
The paper discusses the results of studying the water-electrolyte exchange in patients with cerebral arachnoiditis. Basically new evidence has been obtained for the mechanisms of interaction of the liquor-circulating and osmoregulating systems of the body. There is a more intensive excretion of sodium and H2O during load sodium and water tests and a decrease in antidiuretic effects on hyperosmotic exposures in patients than in healthy individuals. It is suggested that these changes are compensatory and caused by the lowered sensitivity of neurons in the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei, the decreased secretion of vasopressin and the functional rearrangement of mechanisms responsible for natriuretic regulation.
Assuntos
Aracnoidite/fisiopatologia , Encéfalo/fisiopatologia , Desequilíbrio Hidroeletrolítico/etiologia , Adulto , Aracnoidite/complicações , Feminino , Humanos , MasculinoAssuntos
Encefalite Transmitida por Carrapatos/tratamento farmacológico , Ribonucleases/uso terapêutico , Barreira Hematoencefálica/efeitos dos fármacos , Temperatura Corporal/efeitos dos fármacos , Ensaios Clínicos como Assunto , Encefalite Transmitida por Carrapatos/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Febre/tratamento farmacológico , Humanos , Injeções Intramusculares , Meningite/tratamento farmacológico , Ribonucleases/administração & dosagem , Ribonucleases/sangue , gama-Globulinas/uso terapêuticoAssuntos
Aminas Biogênicas/efeitos da radiação , Encéfalo/efeitos da radiação , ATPase de Ca(2+) e Mg(2+)/efeitos da radiação , Campos Eletromagnéticos , Fenômenos Eletromagnéticos , Metabolismo Energético/efeitos da radiação , Membrana Eritrocítica/efeitos da radiação , Animais , Aminas Biogênicas/metabolismo , Encéfalo/metabolismo , ATPase de Ca(2+) e Mg(2+)/sangue , Metabolismo Energético/fisiologia , Membrana Eritrocítica/enzimologia , Masculino , Doses de Radiação , Ratos , Fatores de TempoAssuntos
Anticonvulsivantes/uso terapêutico , Encefalite/complicações , Epilepsia Parcial Complexa/etiologia , Adulto , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Epilepsia Parcial Complexa/diagnóstico , Epilepsia Parcial Complexa/tratamento farmacológico , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Adulto JovemRESUMO
The authors studied acetylcholine esterase (ACE) activity, that of red cell membranes in the range of physiological temperatures 34-41 degrees C interferometrically in 47 patients with multiple sclerosis. Michaelis constant (CM) and maximal rate of substrate saturation (Vmax) were assumed criteria of the above activity. Two abnormal peaks of thermodependent ACE activity at 35 and 40 degrees C were observed. At 35 degrees C ACE activity was low and fluctuated with severity of MS. At 40 degrees C ACE activity proved universally maximal. Abnormal ACE activity peaks coincide with unusual rises in red cell density at the same temperatures detected by capillary viscosimetry, and with maximal activity of red cell Na+, K(+)-ATPase. The authors give their version of pathogenetic origin of reversible thermodependent deficiency which is characteristic of MS clinical picture.
Assuntos
Membrana Eritrocítica/enzimologia , Temperatura Alta , Esclerose Múltipla/enzimologia , Acetilcolinesterase/sangue , Viscosidade Sanguínea , Humanos , Interferometria , Esclerose Múltipla/sangue , ATPase Trocadora de Sódio-Potássio/sangueRESUMO
The skin connective tissue of rats exposed to a 60 kV/m or 90 kV/m electrostatic field for 3, 14 or 30 days was investigated biochemically and histochemically. The experiments were carried out on 60 male Wistar rats in a condensation-type chamber. This exposure produced certain biochemical changes in the skin. The exposure to a 60 kV/m field was accompanied by a rapid adaptation: minor biochemical changes in the skin returned to normal by the end of the experiment. The exposure to a 90 kV/m field produced biochemical changes that were initially transient and later transformed to distinct shifts in the concentrations of carbohydrate-containing biopolymers. This was indicative of a mismatch in their synthesis and degradation and dysfunction of skin connective tissue structures.
Assuntos
Tecido Conjuntivo/metabolismo , DNA/metabolismo , Campos Eletromagnéticos , Fenômenos Eletromagnéticos , Glicosaminoglicanos/metabolismo , RNA/metabolismo , Pele/metabolismo , Animais , Tecido Conjuntivo/efeitos da radiação , DNA/efeitos da radiação , Glicosaminoglicanos/efeitos da radiação , Masculino , RNA/efeitos da radiação , Ratos , Ratos Endogâmicos , Pele/efeitos da radiação , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
A new method for the diagnosis of disseminated sclerosis is suggested, based on the determination of the red cell suspension viscosity within the range of physiologic temperatures. Three viscosity peaks (maxima): at 35, 37-38 (the physiologic), and at 40 degrees C have been detected, probably corresponding to thermotropic phase transitions in red cell membranes. The curves reflecting the eta (t degrees C) dependence in disseminated sclerosis are characteristic of this disease and may be used as a test for the laboratory diagnosis of disseminated sclerosis.