A Combined Approach To Crooked Nose Deformity.

BACKGROUND: Crooked nose deformity is a complex anatomical deformity; therefore, repair remains a challenge. Here, we introduce a new technique for crooked nose deformity repair. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-two patients underwent intraoperative evaluations and measurements, followed by surgery using the open rhinoplasty technique. Our method involves three major steps. First is the creation of an asymmetric medial oblique osteotomy using piezoelectric ultrasonic surgery and double lateral osteotomies, wherein the asymmetric bony ascending part of the maxillary bone at the base of the nasal vault is fractured, pushed in, and delivered to the face. Second is septoplasty with L-strut preservation. The L-strut is removed as a 1-cm block caudally from the septal stump of the keystone area. A (or double) fabricated batten cartilage graft is placed on the concave side of the deviation and sutured to cover the septal stump. The L-strut is then replaced and sutured on the batten graft, redirecting the septum toward the midline. Third is an overlapping cruroplasty on the side of the long asymmetrical lower lateral cartilage to equalize both wings and correct tip deviation. RESULTS: Our new technique was effective for the treatment of crooked nose deformity. CONCLUSIONS: Our technique of K-stone batten plasty with delivery to the face and overlapping cruroplasty may be an effective surgical method for crooked nose deformity. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE V: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

Evaluation of tissue response to Gore-Tex (expanded polytetrafluoroethylene) implantation.

OBJECTIVE/HYPOTHESIS: The aim of this study was to assess the tissue response to Gore-Tex (expanded polytetrafluoroethylene) in rats and compare the results of surgical placement modalities. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective animal study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Experiments were performed in 18 young Sprague-Dawley rats that were divided into 3 groups. Gore-Tex patches were implanted subcutaneously over the periosteum in the first group and under the periosteum in the other groups. Gore-Tex was immersed in an antibiotic-containing solution in the third group. All animals were killed 4 weeks after the procedure. The tissue samples were stained with hematoxylin and eosin stain and evaluated using a light microscope. RESULTS: The Gore-Tex patches were displaced and not observed at the originally implanted sites in the first group. The Gore-Tex patches were observed at the originally implanted sites in the other groups. In group 1, edema and inflammation were prominent. In the second group, ossification was detected in 5 rats and foreign-body reaction and edema were identified in 1 rat. In the third group, all of the rats were found to have developed ossification, but no inflammatory reactions were observed. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that implanting synthetic graft materials immersed in an antibiotic solution at the subperiosteal plane provides better stabilization and low complication rates.

Importance of placing Gore-Tex in the subperiosteal plane for augmentation rhinoplasty.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to present the placement technique of Gore-Tex implants for nasal augmentation. METHODS: The study group comprised 32 patients of various nasal deformities who underwent consecutive rhinoplasty via open approach with Gore-Tex implant material for dorsal augmentation. A pocket is made subperiostally at the nasal dorsum. The implant is rinsed in antibiotic solution and placed in position. Complications due to Gore-Tex were observed during the follow-up period. RESULTS: There were 12 men and 20 women. The mean age was 28.4 years. There were 9 primary rhinoplasty and 23 revision rhinoplasty. Patients were followed up postoperatively for 12 to 24 months. During the postoperative follow-up period, no complications were encountered in this series of patients. The implants were stable and immobile under the skin. CONCLUSIONS: In the cases of nasal dorsum augmentation, Gore-Tex can be a suitable graft material. We recommend implanting graft materials at subperiosteal plane to provide better stabilization and low complication rates.

Placement technique of extended spreader grafts.

OBJECTIVES: This study aims to show the placement of extended spreader grafts in reductive septorhinoplasty operations to support the nasal bony vault as well as the middle cartilaginous structures. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Thirty-eight patients (16 males, 22 females; mean age 26.4 years; range 18 to 55 years) who underwent septorhinoplasty under general anesthesia via open approach between January 2008 and December 2010 were included in this study. Two separate cartilage grafts were placed end-to-end and secured to the septum on both sides after removing the cartilage and bony hump. These grafts not only transverse the full length of the middle one-third of the nose, also run approximately 1 cm under the nasal bones cephalically and the anterior septal angle caudally on both sides. The obtained data were evaluated retrospectively. Patients were followed up postoperatively for 7 to 24 months with a mean follow-up of 14 months. RESULTS: There was no significant bony vault collapse or irregularity, inverted-V deformity or middle-vault narrowing observed during the postoperative period. All of the patients were satisfied with the cosmetic and functional results. CONCLUSION: We think that extended spreader grafts are more beneficial not only in reconstructing the middle one-third of the nose but also in supporting the collapsed and/or distrupted nasal bony vault in reductive septorhinoplasty.

Nasal tip-suspending suture technique: cat's nape suture.

Variation in nasal-tip deformity is the most common complaint of the patients requesting rhinoplastic surgery, and the goal of nearly every rhinoplasty is to achieve ideal nasal-tip rotation and projection. We describe a procedure that allows the surgeon to secure nasal-tip rotation and projection through a suspension suture technique. Preserving the interalar soft tissues over the dorsal caudal septum and interdomal ligaments during the surgery is the major basis of this technique. We use the soft tissues as a suspending material for the tip complex, which acts like one whole part.

Postoperative wound care regimen in open septorhinoplasty.

The many benefits of the open-approach septorhinoplasty should not be excluded on the basis of columellar scarring alone. Technical factors that contributed to the favorable outcome of the columellar scar included proper planning of location and design of the incision used, meticulous closure, and good postoperative care. In the current study, we describe a simple postoperative wound care procedure that allows clean visualized wound with less crust formation, easy removal of the sutures by the surgeon, and better columellar scar in the early postoperative period.

A new consideration of scar formation in open rhinoplasty.

Rhinoplasty is one of the most variable operations in facial plastic surgery because of the various deformities involved and dissimilar methods used to correct them. Although the exposure of the surgical anatomy with an open approach to rhinoplasty is much better than with the endonasal approach, many surgeons focus mainly on the risk of a visible columellar scar. However, despite this unfavorable complication of a midcolumellar incision, a better understanding of the nasal deformities can be gained, and a more detailed reconstruction can be performed. Surgeons have developed various methods to reduce the risk of scar formation. Different incision types include the Z, V, reverse V, and W incisions. In our experience, meticulous inverted V midcolumellar incision closure results in a better scar. There is no convincing reason to reject the transcolumellar incision for external rhinoplasty.

Closed rhinoplasty with an intercartilaginous midmarginal incision.

In septorhinoplasty, one of the most critical points is to reestablish the support for the nasal tip damaged by surgery. This can be achieved by suturing the nasal structures to each other. We describe our incision and suturing technique for closed rhinoplasty, which provides wide exposure and adequate nasal tip support.

Actinomycosis of the larynx.

Actinomycosis is a rare chronic granulomatous disease that involves the upper airway and gastrointestinal tract. Approximately 40-55% of actinomycosis comprises the cervicofacial form. It presents a challenging clinical diagnostic dilemma because of variable presentations in the head and neck. Herein, we report a rare case of actinomycosis presenting as a vocal cord nodule in a healthy 21-year-old man who was not immunocompromised and had no other known medical disease.

Atypical penetrating laryngeal trauma: a bullet in the larynx.

Penetrating laryngeal traumas due to gunshot wounds are rare cases. These cases are generally encountered during wars. Here, we report a 40-year-old man who presented with a gunshot wound in his neck. Physical and radiological examination revealed a foreign body in the larynx. A piece of bullet was extracted from the right supraglottic part of his larynx via direct laryngoscopy under general anesthesia. The patient had a good recovery without any symptom postoperatively. Early recognition and accurate management of penetrating laryngeal traumas are essential. Establishing a patent airway and a good quality of voice are important aims for long-term results.

Extravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia of the larynx: a case report and review of the literature.

Papillary endothelial hyperplasia (PEH), a tumor that falls along the spectrum of reactive to neoplastic vascular lesions, must be diagnosed carefully because it can resemble an angiosarcoma. PEH is generally considered to be the result of an unusual form of thrombus organization, exhibiting excessive papillary endothelial proliferation that is usually confined to the lumen of preexisting vessels or vascular malformations. Most cases of PEH are of the intravascular type; extravascular PEH is rare. We describe what we believe is the first reported case of an extravascular PEH in the larynx.

Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx: a case report.

Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a very rare, high grade, and aggressive variant of SCC, with a predilection for the upper aerodigestive system. Treatment should include surgery of the primary tumor and dissection of the cervical lymph nodes, followed by radiotherapy. We present a 50-year-old man with basaloid SCC of the supraglottic larynx, which was initially misdiagnosed as SCC. Supraglottic laryngectomy with bilateral radical neck dissection was performed, and radiotherapy was applied postoperatively. During a follow-up of 26 months, no evidence for recurrence was found. Basaloid SCC should be considered in the differential diagnosis of upper aerodigestive system malignancies because it has a distinct prognostic significance compared to conventional SCC.

Surveillance of Haemophilus influenzae among respiratory tract samples of Turkish children.

We conducted three prospective studies of Haemophilus influenzae in different groups of children. Pharyngeal swab samples were taken (i). from 1382 healthy infants and children between 0 and 10 years of age (group 1), attending well child clinics (n=438), day care centres (n=440) and elementary schools (n=504), and (ii). from 322 children aged 2-10 years (group 2), clinically diagnosed as having upper respiratory tract infection. Pharyngeal swab samples and sinus aspirates were obtained from 49 children between 2 and 9 years of age (group 3), clinically diagnosed as having sinusitis. H. influenzae was isolated in similar rates from 315 (22.7%) of children in group 1, 72 (22.3%) of children in group 2 and 12 (24.4%) of children in group 3. Serotype b comprised 7, 5.2 and 2% of all H. influenzae isolates for group 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Production of beta-lactamase was detected in 1.0% of H. influenzae type b isolates in group 1, 1.2 and 6.1% of all isolates in group 2 and 3, respectively. There were no beta-lactamase negative ampicillin-resistant strains.

The effects of topical agents of fluticasone propionate, oxymetazoline, and 3% and 0.9% sodium chloride solutions on mucociliary clearance in the therapy of acute bacterial rhinosinusitis in vivo.

OBJECTIVES: The aims of the study were to determine: 1) how mucociliary activity in acute bacterial rhinosinusitis is affected; 2) how this activity is changed by therapy; 3) the effects of topical agents on mucociliary clearance, and 4) the most appropriate topical agent(s) to be used in the therapy of sinusitis. STUDY DESIGN: Five groups of patients with acute bacterial rhinosinusitis were studied prospectively. METHODS: All patients had 500 mg oral amoxicillin and 125 mg oral clavulanic acid preparations given three times daily for 3 weeks. According to the topical agent applications, these groups included: group I (n = 12), no topical treatment was given; group II (n = 14), two puffs for each nostril once daily of 50 microg/100 mL fluticasone propionate was given; group III (n = 9), one puff for each nostril three times daily of 0.05% oxymetazoline was given; group IV (n =12), 3% sodium chloride (NaCl) (buffered to pH 6.5-7 at room temperature) was given; and group V (n =13), 10-mL solutions of 0.9% NaCl (buffered to pH 6.5--7 at room temperature) were given for nasal irrigations three times daily. All patients had medication for 3 weeks and were controlled each week. The saccharin method was used to measure nasal mucociliary clearance. To investigate the early effects of the topical agents for groups II to V, an additional test was repeated 20 minutes after the basal mucociliary clearance recordings. The test was repeated in the first, second, and third weeks of the treatment. RESULTS: The mucociliary clearance was significantly slower in the acute bacterial rhinosinusitis group than in the control group. There was no significant difference between the basal mucociliary clearance and the 20th minute mucociliary clearance of the fluticasone propionate and 0.9% NaCl solution groups. The mean values of the basal and the 20 minute's mucociliary clearance of the oxymetazoline group were 24.72 +/- 6.16 and 15.5 +/- 7.45 minutes, respectively, which were statistically significant. The mean values of the basal and the 20th minute mucociliary clearance of the 3% NaCl solution groups were 19.45 +/- 9.35 and 15.45 +/- 8.20 minutes, respectively, which were also statistically significant. In the first group (without topical treatment), the basal mucociliary clearance became significantly shorter after the second week of treatment. In the first and second weeks of the treatment of the oxymetazoline group, the mucociliary clearance did not change significantly, but after the third week the mucociliary clearance was significantly shorter. In the 3% NaCl solution group, significant improvement began from the first week and continued through the third week. Comparing the basal and the third weeks' mucociliary clearance values among the groups, the oxymetazoline and 3% NaCl solution groups revealed more significant improvement than the other groups, but this improvement was not different from the improvement of group I. There was still a statistically significant difference in the mucociliary clearance of the post-treatment sinusitis groups from the control group. CONCLUSIONS: The oxymetazoline and 3% NaCl solution groups seemed to be more effective in mucociliary clearance, but there was no significant difference in improvement among the groups. The improvement of acute bacterial rhinosinusitis takes more than 3 weeks, according to the mucociliary clearance values of the groups.

The results of concurrent functional endoscopic sinus surgery and rhinoplasty.

OBJECTIVE: The indications, management, and results are discussed in 45 patients who underwent the concurrent functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) and rhinoplasty. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective clinical study. PATIENTS AND METHODS: There were 27 women and 18 men with a mean age of 28 years. 28 patients had chronic rhinosinusitis and 17 patients had nasal polyposis refractory to medical therapy underwent the combined procedure by the same otolaryngologist. RESULTS: A review of our 45 combined procedure performed between 2000 and 2005. There were no life-threatening severe complications noted in this population. The patients were also satisfied with the aesthetic outcome. CONCLUSION: Combined rhinoplasty and endoscopic sinus surgery can be performed safely, cost- effectively and with perfect results in selected patients.