The role of heat shock proteins in reproduction.

Heat shock proteins (hsp) were first discovered in cells exposed to elevated temperature. They are preferentially expressed in response to an array of insults, including hyperthermia, free oxygen radicals, heavy metals, inflammation and infection. In addition hsp are involved in several processes essential for cellular function under physiological conditions. Heat shock proteins are expressed during oogenesis and spermatogenesis. In the early stages of the pregnancy they are expressed both in embryo and maternal decidua. Antibodies to bacterial and human hsp are present at high titers in serum of many patients undergoing in vitro fertilization. Several studies provided evidence that immune sensitization to hsp is associated with unsuccessful embryo development and implantation failure in in-vitro-fertilization (IVF) patients.

[Ultrastructural characteristics of the adrenal gland]. / Particularitati ultrastructurale ale glandei suprarenale.

The Adrenal glands can be viewed as sustaining vital processes in the human body, through two different but related components: the cortex and the medulla. It is well known that the close connection between the cortical cells is able not only to support the adrenal functions, but in the same time to serve the better understanding of the normal way of its hormonal production. Using the ultrastructural study of the adrenal gland, we obtain images which can provide informations about details of the cellular structure, in the eventuality that all this work will continue to improve to the point that we might be able to completely understand the complex interrelations between the structure of each cell and the function of the whole organ.

[The anterolateral structures of the neck and trunk]. / Unele aspecte asupra structurii antero-laterale a gâtului si trunchiului.

This work has in view the arrangement of the elements that form the anterolateral wall of the neck, thorax and abdomen. We insist on the behavior of the fasciae and the situation of the connective spaces related at the muscular layers that enter the structure of this segments. We have found the continuity of the deep cervical fascia (the superficial fascia, after the French anatomy), like a muff that surrounds the neck and the trunk; in the places where this deep cervical fascia is related to the bones (for example, the clavicle), it is continued by the periosteum. On the ventral midline, the deep cervical fascia is very dense and resistant and it is continued from the hyoid bone to the pubis. It is adherent on the connective deep elements, taking part at the formation of the "linea alba". On the posterior midline it is adherent at the fibrous elements that fix the fascia on the spinous process of the vertebrae. At the level of the neck, this fascia is very obvious and resistant; it becomes thinner according as it descent to the abdomen. At the cervical level it surrounds the sternocleidomastoid and the trapezius, at the level of the thorax it surrounds the pectoralis major and the latissimus dorsi, at the level of the abdomen it becomes very fine and it covers the rectus sheath in the anterior part; at the level of the obliquus externus abdominis is very difficult to demonstrate its existence. We followed then the behavior of the anterolateral muscles from the cervical and the abdominal segments. We have found the continuity of the anterior paramedian muscles: the first plane--the sternocleidomastoid, pectoralis major (its sternal fibres form the right sternal) and the rectus abdominis and pyramidalis. For the first and second planes we make an analogy between the muscles of the neck, the subclavius, pectoralis minor, serratus anterior. The second plane--the infrahyoid muscles, the subclavius, pectoralis minor, serratus anterior. The third plane--the scaleni, anterior, medius and posterior, intercostales, transversus thoracis, obliquus externus abdominis, obliquus internus abdominis and transversus abdominis. This work excludes the suprahyoid muscles--their origin, function, innervation and vascularization are debated in another study.

[Current trends in nutrition]. / Tendinte actuale în nutritie.

The energy delivered by food is involved in the maintaining of the homeostasis and in the electromechanical activities that define life. The energy expenditure include basal metabolism, thermogenesis and the energy required for the physical activity. Functional food extends over providing the nutrients into playing important physiological roles into the organism. The recommendations are to increase the consumption of fruits, vegetables and whole grains in order to reduce the risk for degenerative diseases and cancer.

Peri-implant tissue and the longevity of restoration.

The clinical success was analysed several times, based upon the good results obtained and unfortunately not on a basis of correct scientific researches, as the cellular and ultrastructural investigations. In the randomized study a more numerous failures are seen in the first, respectively second year, after the application of the implant. The failures were predominantly observed in case of mandible implants. The quality of the bone is an essential factor for the success of the implant without correlation with the age of the patient. The most objective choice of the patients as well as a correct conceived and executed therapeutical plan, the follow-up cooperation with the patient, in what concerns the strict oral hygiene, would had to an increasing number of successfully solved cases. The success of the implant may be ensured when besides the content of the patient, the long-term stability of the soft and bone peri-implant tissues is achieved. By this is also obtained by morphological stability, which may be evaluated following clinical X-ray parameters. This stability is under dependence of the biological status. Conclusively this means an established biomechanical balance and stable relationships between the immune defense system of the least and the pathogenic potential of the microorganisms.

[The extra-auditory effects of noise]. / Efecte extrauditive ale zgomotului.

Noise affects not only the ear, but the body as a whole. Noise exposure can trigger a series of functional changes related or not with hearing loss, consisting mainly in sleep disturbances, blood pressure increases, changes in the amplitude and frequency of the respiratory movements, decreases in the visual function and psychological disorders.

Peri-implantitis.

Peri-implant lesions are directly linked to the relationship between the implant and the soft tissue. These lesions are rare in the case of pure Ti smooth implants, but appear frequently around the rough-surfaced implants. A marginal inflammation may result in a rapid peri-implant bone loss, since the peri-implant connective tissue constitutes in a less effective barrier than the same tissue surrounding the tooth. The morphopathological examination of the peri-implant tissues revealed after their removal that the gum's mucous membrane is not inflamed, but degenerative lesions were observed both on the epithelium and chorion. The papillary lamina propria contains few cells, but it is rich in collagen fibers; vasodilatation and edema were also present. Multiple areas of lysis of the intercellular junctions were also observed at the intermediary level of the gum peri-implant epithelium (the epithelial cells undergo a process of involution at the intermediary level of the epithelium). Important changes can be seen both at the level of intercellular junction systems and at the junction between the basal extremity of the epithelial cells and the basal membrane.

The apoptosis of the rat and mouse testicular cells could be induced by synthetic analogous of the prostaglandin F2 alpha?

Numerous actions of the synthetic analogous of the prostaglandins were used in human and veterinary therapy. The action of these analogous (even, initially the prostaglandins were put in evidence in the seminal plasma) on the male reproductive system are little known. This is the reason for our study, which tried to emphasize the effects of analogous of the prostaglandin F2 alpha on the apoptosis of the rat and mouse testicular cells. Optic active Cloprostenol and Cloprostenol Isopropyl ester, in a dose of 100 micrograms/kg/day induces significant histopathologic modifications in the testis of rats and mice. These changes are evident after 14 days of treatment, but especially after 28 days of treatment.

[Experimental carbon disulfide-induced encephalopathy]. / Encefalopatia sulfocarbonica experimentala.

The histopathological and ultrastructural aspects of cerebral cortex were followed up in the white rat injected intraperitoneally with carbon disulphide at 5 mg/kg body weight/week, in a chronic experiment--3, 6, 10 months. Important neuronal damages like: neuronal dystrophy's to neurolysis affecting the pyramidal and granular cells, neuronophagy, nodular and diffuse glial reaction, in the absence of atherosclerotic lesions were noticed. The lesions developed after 3 months and become more extended at 6 months and 10 months: it persists even after 2 months from the moment when the administration ceased.

[The vasa vasorum in the veins of the spermatic cord]. / Aspectul vasa vasorum în venele cordonului spermatic.

Vasa vasorum is a vascular ensemble with nutritional role for the vascular wall. It's has the origin and the end at the surface of the bloods vessels. In the thickness of the external and internal tunics it represents by a capillary circulatory network. At the level of the adventitia of the veins, arterial vessels and vessels with a larger size, with a similar structure with the veins, has been observed. At the level of the middle tunic was observed capillary vasa vasorum. The density of the capillaries is bigger to the external tunic and the capillaries are in a smaller number to the internal tunic. The vascular wall has an intense metabolism, so we can explain the nutrient supply with two sources: an external source (vasa vasorum) and an internal source (the blood that flows in the vessels). The spermatic veins collect the blood from the testis, epididymis and the scrotum. This veins form a network around the arteries with a known functional role. This intimate vascular relation from the spermatic cord explains the arterial vasa vasorum particularities moreover the venous particularities. The drainage of the testicular veins is different on the left side and on the right side. The discussions are centered on the tension of the vascular wall. Its growth has an important effect: the compression of the capillary vasa vasorum. We discuss, too, about the conditions that reduce the perfusion. The consequence of an insufficient nutritional supply is the functional modification illustrated by varicocele.

The influence of some prostaglandin analogous on the female rat ovary and uterine tube epithelium.

The synthetic analogous of the prostaglandins are utilized in the obstetrical and gynecological therapy for multiple purposes. 4 lots with 12 nonpregnant female rats were use: the Ist received 25 g/kg/day isopropyl ester PGF2; the IInd lot received 50 g/kg/day isopropyl ester PGF2; the IIIrd lot received 50 g/kg/day optic active cloprostenol; the IVth lot was the witness lot. The medication was intraperitoneally (i.p.) administrated in a unique daily dose. Prostaglandin F2 analogous at small doses (25 micrograms/kg/day) induce vasodilating effects on the ovary blood vessels and functional luteolysis rather than structural luteolysis. Both of the prostaglandins analogous at doses of 50 micrograms/kg/day present obvious vasodilating and luteolytic effects, although the intensity of the phenomenon is not the same, cloprostenol is more active, inducing a more obvious vasodilatation and luteolysis.

[The causes of gingival overgrowth]. / Cauzele hipercresterii gingivale.

Gingival overgrowth includes a series of diseases with many clinical appearances. The pathological mechanisms being obscure there were used many terms for defining it. Thus, "gingival hyperplasia" and "gingival hypertrophy" were the definitions used to define this pathology. Therefore, the term of "gingival overgrowth" replaced in last decades the above two terms. This article have the goal of trying a classification of the entities forming the large family of gingival overgrowth.

[Experimental ethanol poisoning in rats]. / Unele aspecte în intoxicatia experimentala cu etanol la sobolan.

Ethanol is one of the most used substances that produce liver lesions. The differences between species, the pathway of administration and the genetic variation are factors that influence the response of liver to ethanol. The experiment used adult male Wistar rats and the hepatic lesions were assessed using standard histological examination. The results show an increase of triglycerides in liver cells even in acute intoxication, the most affected cells being located in the periphery of the hepatic lobule, associated with a dilatation of blood vessels.

[Some aspects concerning the electrochemical corrosion of the Gaudent-S dental alloy]. / Unele aspecte privind coroziunea electrochimica a aliajului dentar Gaudent-S.

The potentiodynamic polarization methods have been employed to evaluate the corrosion resistance of the Gaudent-S dental alloy in a slightly acid artificial saliva (Fusayama's saliva; pH = 6.18), a slightly alkaline artificial saliva (Rondelli's saliva; pH = 7.75) and in an acid saline solution (NaCl/lactic acid; pH = 2.64). The results were compared with those obtained for copper and aluminium--the principal components of the studied alloy. In Fusayama's artificial saliva both the copper and Gaudent alloy exhibit close indentic cyclic voltammograms, typical for pitting corrosion; the pitting potentials being 1550 mV (SCE) for Gaudent-S and 1350 mV (SCE) for copper, while the repassivation potential is 700 mV (SCE), the same for the two analysed metals. In the Rondelli's artificial saliva and in acidic saline solution the passivation domain is considerable reduced; the corrosion potential and the repassivation potential coincides. In the saline acid solution the current densities are two times higher than those obtained in the other two solutions. In the aluminium case it can be noticed that the passivation domain is very reduced, no cathodic peak is observed and much more current densities are registered in the positive potential domain.

[Phenytoin influence on human metanephros]. / Influenta fenitoinei asupra metanefrosului uman.

The influence of Phenytoin on the human embryo is knowing to produce the fetal hydantoin syndrome. Even this syndrome is knowing to produce microcephaly, mental retardation, eyelid ptosis etc it is not mentioned the influence of Phenytoin on the human metanephros. This is the reason of our study, made on human embryos. Their mothers received during pregnancy Phenytoin. In one studied embryo we have remarked a malformation in the metanephros. Even we can not make a strong correlation between the malformation and the Phenytoin we consider that pregnant women should not use Phenytoin during pregnancy.

[Anatomic and physiopathologic basis for the diagnosis and treatment of intestinal ischemia]. / Bazele anatomo-fiziopatologice ale investigatiilor si tratamentului în ischemia intestinala.

Changes of circulatory parameters in splanchnic territory lead to gut ischemia in an acute or chronic form (postprandial abdominal stroke). The implicated factors in intestinal ischemia are the timing and kind of onset, countercurrent vascularization and the eventuality of anastomotic subsystems for becoming hypertrophic. Superior mesenteric artery (SMA) is the "key" blood vessel implicated in the production of chronic intestinal ischemia, the atherosclerotic lesion being localized more frequent near SMA's ostium or even at ostium itself. Nonoclusif ischemia is induced by another stimulus that provokes mesenteric vasoconstriction, status that affects more the antimesenteric intestinal border, with a larger expansion at mucosa level. The most reseed diagnostic methods are selective angiographies and ultrasound examination. Usually chronic intestinal ischemia is clinically asymptomatic and becomes clinical evident just in the presence of an acute superposed factor or when at least two digestive arteries are affected. Revascularization methods are different, based on the type, mechanism and site of obstruction, each with its advantages and disadvantages. The most used method is retrograde aortomesenteric by-pass, at infrarenal aortic level (that is more accessible than the supraceliac aorta) and SMA reimplantation.

[The role of anthropologic study in the stomatognatic morphologic changes through time]. / Importanta studiului antropologic în modificarile morfologice ale sistemului stomatognat de-a lungul timpului.

OBJECTIVES: The possibility of a prognosis regarding the morphologic aspect of the passive component of stomatognathic apparatus was assessed through some researches on the viscero-cranium aspect. METHOD: The study used 20 skulls or skull fragments, 8 were from the first century A.D., 4 from the Middle Ages and the rest of 8 were from the XX-th century. All The skulls were found on the Romanian territory. A series of measurements were made on the maxilla, mandible and on the face as a whole; the results were compared with the literature data. RESULTS: The skulls discovered in the Neolithic necropolis existing on the Romanian territory are of mediterranoic type, with an antero-posterior prolonged skull and with narrow dental arches, presenting a prognathism according to the shape of the skull. After the Neolithic, the shape of the skull changes to a more rounded one and the dental arches become upsiloid. In the Middle Age, the dental arches tend to evolve from the upsiloid type to the paraboloid type. In our century, the paraboloid form of the dental arches is maintained (semiellipitic shape of the maxilla and the parabolic shape of the mandible). CONCLUSIONS: During the ages, the evolution of masticator apparatus was influenced mainly by the genetic factor regarding the shape and the pathology, but also, in some degree, by the dietary habits. Multiple changes have been made possible a gene crossing between individuals. Due to the genetic mixture between the local element and the migratory population, the evolution of the stomatognathic apparatus to paraboloid dental arches is explained, although upsiloid dental arches can be found.

[The luteolytic action of prostaglandin F2-alpha analogues in guinea pig's ovary]. / Actiunea luteolitica a analogilor prostaglandinei F2 alpha la ovarul de cobai.

The role of prostaglandin at the level of the female genital system is multiple; they are involved in ovulation, luteolysis, contractility of the tube muscles, contraction of the gravid uterus, dilatation of the cervix. The synthetic analogous of the prostaglandin F2 alpha are utilized in a large area of treatments, for multiple purposes. The study was made on 2 lots with 10 non pregnant female guinea pig: the first lot was the witness lot and didn't receive any substance. The second lot received 100 micrograms/kg/day Isopropyl ester PGF2 alpha. The prostaglandin analogous produces vasodilating effects on the ovary blood vessels and luteolytic effects with the destruction of the ovarian follicles.

[The influence of some synthetic prostaglandin F2alpha analogous on rat lung]. / Influenta unor analogi sintetici ai prostaglandinei F2 alpha asupra pulmonului la sobolan.

The role of prostaglandins and their synthetic analogous at the level of the female genital system is multiple. The synthetic analogous of the prostaglandin F2 alpha are utilised in a large area of treatments, for multiple purposes, but their influence on the lung is not so well known. The study was made on 2 lots with 12 non pregnant female rats: the first lot was the witness lot and didn't receive any substance. The second lot received 25 micrograms/kg/day Flavoliz (synthetic analogous of the prostaglandin F2 alpha). The prostaglandinic analogous produces vasodilating effects on the lung blood vessels and moderate pulmonary destruction.