Response of smooth bronchial musculature in bronchoconstrictor substances in newborn with lung atelectasis at the respiratory distress syndrome (RDS).

OBJECTIVE: Role of the atelectasis (hypoxia) in the respiratory system of the live and exited newborn (250 up to 3000 g. of body weight), which has died due to different causes was studied in this work. METHODS: Response of tracheal rings to dopamine, serotonine and ethanol in the different molar concentrations (dopamine: 0.05 mg/ml, 0.5 mg/ml, 5 mg/ml; serotonine (5-HT): 10(-4), 10(-3), 10(-2), 10(-1) mol/dm3; ethanol: 0.2 ml, 0.5 ml, 1.0 ml; 96%) was followed up. Study of the smooth tracheal musculature tone (STM) was elaborated in 16 tracheal preparations taken following the newborn death due to different causes. RESULTS: Based on functional researches of tracheal isolated preparations, it was ascertained as follows: atelectasis (cases born with lung hypoxia) has changed the response of STM to dopamine, serotonine and ethanol in a significant manner (p < 0.01) in comparison to cases of controlling group, which has died due to lung inflammatory processes (e.g. pneumonia, bronchopneumonia, cerebral hemorrhage), which have also caused significant response (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Results suggest that exited cases from lung atelectasis and cases of controlling group reacts to above mentioned substances by causing significant constrictor action of tracheobronchial system.

Influence of hypoxia in bronchial response to bronchoconstrictor substances at newborn with distress respiratory syndrome (DRS).

OBJECTIVE: In this work, role of hypoxia in respiratory system on live and exited newborns weight 250-3000g.) which have died due to different reasons is studied. METHODS: Response of tracheal rings in acetylcholine and histamine in different molar concentrations (10(-4), 10(-3), 10(-2), 10(-1) mol/dm3) was monitored. Study of the tracheal smooth musculature (TSM) tonus was performed in 12 tracheal preparations obtained from the newborns exited due to different reasons. RESULTS: Based on the functional analysis of the isolated tracheal preparations, we have concluded that the cases born with lung atelectasis have caused significant response ofTSM to Acetylcholine and Histamine (p > 0.01). In cases of control group, which has exited due to different reasons from lung inflammatory processes (e.g.: pneumonia, bronchopneumonia, cerebral hemorrhage), Acetylcholine and Histamine have also caused significant constriction of tracheal smooth musculature. CONCLUSION: Results suggest that exited cases with lung atelectasis (hypoxemia) and cases of lung inflammatory processes have significant constrictor action to Acetylcholine and Histamine in tracheobronchial system.

Manifestation of Bronchial Hyperreactivity from Exposure to Heavy and Precious Metal Vapors among the Ore Smeltery Workers of Zveçan, Kosovo.

CONTEXT: Kosovo is a region in the Western Balkans that is rich in minerals and coal, so pollution is a serious public health problem there. Workers in the heavy and precious metal smeltery in Zveqan, Kosovo, were studied with regard to the roles that vapor from the smelting of metals (Pb, Zn, Au, Ag, P, and Cu) and particulate matter play in causing bronchial hyperreactivity. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the article was to measure the parameters of lung function as determined by body plethysmography, diagnosis of respiratory diseases, and assessment of respiratory function using a histamine bronchoprovocation test. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: The present study was conducted in two groups of participants: A control group, which included 25 healthy persons, and a smeltery worker group, which included 45 mine workers (15 smokers and 30 nonsmokers) holding permanent jobs in the mineral foundry of Zvecan, Kosovo. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Pulmonary function parameters (specific airway resistance [Raw] and intrathoracic gas volume) were measured and used to calculate the specific resistance (SRaw)and specific conductance (SGaw) of the airways, and a histamine bronchoprovocation test was conducted. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: The data were entered and analyzed using the Microsoft Excel and INSTAT 3 software. RESULTS: Airway specific resistance (SRaw) was significantly higher in the smeltery worker group (P < 0.01) as compared to the control group (P > 0.1). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that occupational exposure to vapors during the metal refining process poses a risk to the workers' health and can cause bronchial hyperreactivity, bronchial asthma, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Impact of the Tamsulosin in Alpha Adrenergic Receptor of Airways at Patients with Increased Bronchial Reactibility.

OBJECTIVE: In this work, effect of tamsulosin as antagonist of alpha1A and alpha1B adrenergic receptor and effect of agonists of beta2 adrenergic receptor-salbutamol in patients with increased bronchial reactibility was studied. METHODS: Parameters of the lung function are determined with Body plethysmography six (6) hours after administration of tamsulosin. Raw and ITGV were registered and specific resistance (SRaw) was calculated as well. Tamsulosin was administered in per os manner as a preparation in the shape of the capsules with a brand name of "Prolosin", produced by Niche Generics Limited, Hitchin, Herts. RESULTS: After six (6) hours of administration of tamsulosin, results gained indicate that blockage of alpha1A and alpha1B-adrenergic receptor (0.8 mg per os) has not changed significantly (p > 0.1) the bronchomotor tonus of tracheobronchial tree in comparison to the check-up that has inhaled salbutamol agonist of adrenergic beta2 receptor (2 inh. x 0.2 mg), (p < 0.05). Blood pressure suffered no significant decrease following administration of the 0.8 mg dose of tamsulosin. CONCLUSION: This suggests that even after six hours of administration of tamsulosin, and determining of lung function parameters, the activity of alpha1A and alpha1B-adrenergic receptor in the smooth bronchial musculature has not changed in patients with increased bronchial reactibility.

Importance of Alpha-adrenergic Receptor Subtypes in Regulating of Airways Tonus at Patients with Bronchial Asthma.

BACKGROUND: In this work, effect of Tamsulosin hydrochloride as antagonist of alpha1A and alpha1B- adrenergic receptor and effect of Salbutamol as agonist of beta2- adrenergic receptor in patients with bronchial asthma and increased bronchial reactibility was studied. METHODS: Parameters of the lung function are determined by Body plethysmography. Raw and ITGV were registered and specific resistance (SRaw) was also calculated. Tamsulosin was administered in per os way as a preparation in the form of the capsules with a brand name of "Prolosin", producer: Niche Generics Limited, Hitchin, Herts. RESULTS: Results gained from this research show that blockage of alpha1A and alpha1B- adrenergic receptor with Tamsulosin hydrochloride (0.4 mg and 0.8 mg in per os way) has not changed significantly (p > 0.1) the bronchomotor tonus of tracheobronchial tree in comparison to the inhalation of Salbutamol as agonist of beta2- adrenergic receptor (2 inh. x 0.2 mg), (p < 0.05). Arterial blood pressure showed no significant decrease following the administration of the dose of 0.8 mg Tamsulosin. CONCLUSION: This suggests that the activity of alpha1A and alpha1B- adrenergic receptor in the smooth musculature is not a primary mechanism which causes reaction in patients with increased bronchial reactibility, in comparison to agonists of beta2 - adrenergic receptor which emphasizes their significant action in the reduction of specific resistance of airways.

Activity of the adrenergic nerve system in the airways permeability of healthy persons.

OBJECTIVE: In this work, role of the adrenergic nerve system (alpha1 and beta2) in adjustment of the bronchomotor tonus in healthy people was researched. METHODS: Parameters of the lung function are determined by Body plethysmography. Raw and ITGV were registered and SRaw was calculated as well. Aerosolization is done with standard aerosolizing machines - Asema. RESULTS: Results gained shows that following the blockade of beta-2 adrenergic receptor with Propranolol (20 mg-aerosol), stimulation of alpha adrenergic receptor with Oxedrine (120 mg-aerosol) and blockage of these receptors with Tolazoline (20 mg-aerosol), does not change significantly the bronchomotor tonus of the tracheobronchial tree (p > 0.1). Meanwhile, stimulation of the beta-2 adrenergic receptor with Hexoprenaline (2 inh × 0.2 mg) is associated with a significant increase of the peripheral resistance of the airways (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: This suggests that the activity of the alpha1-adrenergic receptor, unlike the activity of the beta2-adrenergic receptor in the healthy people smooth musculature, is not significant and as such is insufficient to oppose to the tonic activities of the cholinergic system.