RESUMO
The allergic and infectious diseases of the nasal mucous represent two of the most frequent and chronic upper airways diseases in children and young adults. They are a public health problem of great magnitude due to the high prevalence that causes a great welfare pressure in terms of ambulatory consultations, significant deterioration of the quality of life so much for the patient who suffers them, like for the relatives and affect the community for the high socioeconomic costs that these generate. It is indispensable to know the physiopathology to be able to realize in time a suitable diagnosis and with it to offer a treatment adapted to diminish it recurrence.
Assuntos
Hipersensibilidade Imediata , Rinite Alérgica Perene , Rinite Alérgica Sazonal , Sinusite , Adolescente , Adulto , Antialérgicos/uso terapêutico , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Criança , Citocinas/imunologia , Dessensibilização Imunológica , Humanos , Hipersensibilidade Imediata/diagnóstico , Hipersensibilidade Imediata/tratamento farmacológico , Hipersensibilidade Imediata/epidemiologia , Hipersensibilidade Imediata/fisiopatologia , Hipersensibilidade Imediata/prevenção & controle , Subpopulações de Linfócitos/imunologia , México/epidemiologia , Modelos Imunológicos , Educação de Pacientes como Assunto , Rinite Alérgica Perene/diagnóstico , Rinite Alérgica Perene/tratamento farmacológico , Rinite Alérgica Perene/epidemiologia , Rinite Alérgica Perene/fisiopatologia , Rinite Alérgica Perene/prevenção & controle , Rinite Alérgica Sazonal/diagnóstico , Rinite Alérgica Sazonal/tratamento farmacológico , Rinite Alérgica Sazonal/epidemiologia , Rinite Alérgica Sazonal/fisiopatologia , Rinite Alérgica Sazonal/prevenção & controle , Sinusite/diagnóstico , Sinusite/tratamento farmacológico , Sinusite/epidemiologia , Sinusite/fisiopatologia , Sinusite/prevenção & controle , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Allergic conjunctivitis is a group of diseases that are frequent in childhood, associated to several allergic diseases affecting the ocular surface. It is related to type 1 hypersensitivity reactions. Two acute disorders: seasonal allergic conjunctivitis and perennial allergic conjunctivitis, exist, as do three chronic diseases: vernal keratoconjunctivitis, atopic keratoconjunctivitis and giant papillary conjunctivitis. The ocular surface inflammation causes itching, tearing, lid and conjunctival edema-redness, and photophobia during the acute phase and can lead to a classic late-phase response (associated to eosinophilia and neutrophilia) in a subset of individuals. As in the case of several chronic allergic diseases, it can remodel the ocular surface tissue. This allergic disease is very frequent. Vernal keratoconjunctivitis could produce corneal lesions and visual illness; however, atopic keratoconjunctivitis does not permanently affect the vision. The aim of this review is to provide a current overview for a better understanding of the symptoms associated to this disease, to describe its classification, recent advances in its physiopathology and its treatment.