Ultrasound-assisted co-precipitation synthesis of GdFeO3 nanoparticles: structure, magnetic and MRI contrast properties.

Superparamagnetic nanocrystals of gadolinium orthoferrite (GdFeO3) with close to isometric morphology were successfully synthesized by heat treatment of gadolinium and iron(III) hydroxides obtained by direct co-precipitation with and without ultrasonic irradiation. The obtained samples were investigated by PXRD, low-temperature nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherm measurements, HRTEM and VSM. It was established that ultrasonication during co-precipitation led to a decrease in the average size of GdFeO3 crystallites obtained after heat treatment by approximately 19%, an increase in their BET specific surface area by more than two times, a decrease in the degree of their aggregation by about five times and an improvement in their magnetic properties due to the increase in phase homogeneity. The colloidal solutions of the GdFeO3 nanoparticles synthesized using ultrasound were investigated by 1H NMR to measure the T1 and T2 relaxation times of water protons at 0.47 T. The resulting relaxivities r1 and r2 were approximately recalculated at 1.5, 3 and 4.7 T on the basis of a semi-statistical ad hoc method by analyzing the literature data for a number of structurally similar compounds with reported relaxivity values at different NMR frequencies. According to the experimental and predicted values of the r2/r1 ratio, the investigated GdFeO3 sample may be classified as a T1-contrast agent for MRI at 0.47 and 1.5 T, as a T1-T2 dual-modal contrast agent at 3 T and as a T2-contrast agent at 4.7 T.

A new species of Anarta Ochsenheimer, 1816 from Mongolian and Russian Altai (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae).

Anarta Ochsenheimer, 1816 is a hadenine genus restricted to Palaearctic and Nearctic Regions. The genus includes about 80 described species and subdivided into seven subgenera (Hacker 1998; Fibiger et al. 2011): Trichoclea Grote, 1883 (= Hadula Staudinger, 1889), Cardiestra Boursin, 1963, Ptochicestra Hacker, 1998, Aglossestra Hampson, 1905, Calocestra Beck, 1991, Pulchrohadula Hacker, 1998 and Anarta Ochsenheimer, 1816 (= Discestra Hampson, 1905). The group has been revised by Hacker (1998). Anarta, Trichoclea, Hadula and Discestra were been synonymized by Fibiger & Hacker (2005).

A new species of Euchalcia Hübner, [1821] from Kazakhstan (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae).

The Holarctic genus Euchalcia Hübner, [1821] belongs to the tribe Plusiini of the subfamily Plusiinae. The genus is one of the largest in the Plusiinae, comprising about 54 described species. The systematics of Eurasian and North African members of the genus was recently revised (Ronkay et al. 2008). In June 2013, in the course of faunistic studies on Noctuidae of the Tarbagatai Mts. (East Kazakhstan), a long series of an undescribed species of the genus was collected. Two additional specimens from the Dzhungarsky Alatau Mts. (South-East Kazakhstan) were found in the collection of the Siberian Zoological Museum (Novosibirsk). The species is described herein as new. It belongs to the E. inconspicua group within the E. inconspicua species-complex (Ronkay et al. 2008). The E. inconspicua group comprises two described species only: E. inconspicua (Graeser, 1892) and E. anthea L. Ronkay, G. Ronkay & Behounek, 2008. The new species is the northernmost member of the group. Institutional acronyms are as follows: AVB-coll. A.V. Volynkin, Barnaul, Russia; MCK-coll. M. Cernila, Kamnik, Slovenia; NHMW-Naturhistorisches Museum, Vienna, Austria; STP-coll. S.V. Titov, Pavlodar, Kazakhstan; SZMN-Siberian Zoological Museum of the Institute of Animal Systematic and Ecology of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Novosibirsk, Russia), ZISP-Zoological Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia.

Cyana fossi, a new species from Vietnam (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini).

Cyana Walker, 1854 is one of the most species-rich Erebiidae genera within the tribe Lithosiini Billberg of the subfamily Arctiinae Leach. The genus is widespread from Sub-Saharan Africa and Madagascar through southern and eastern Asia to New Guinea and Australia with a diversity hot spot in South East Asia. A striking species with contrasting red and orange wing pattern, C. bellissima (Moore, 1878) was described from northern India and recorded from the Himalayas, China and Indochina (Fang 2000; Cerný Pinratana 2009; Singh et al. 2020). Another closely related species, C. stresemanni (Rothschild, 1936) (= bellissima inouei Kishida, 1993) is distributed in the Peninsular Malaysia (Rothschild 1936; Kishida 1993; Bucsek 2012). During examination of extensive unsorted Lithosiini materials housed in the MWM/ZSM and the private collection of the senior author, a series of peculiar specimens from southern Vietnam provisionally identified as 'C. bellissima' was found. These specimens, however, display certain external differences from other populations of C. bellissima and C. stresemanni, suggesting the presence of a further taxon related to C. bellissima. The examination of the male and the female genitalia of the southern Vietnamese specimens has confirmed their specific distinctness and they are described in this paper as a new species.

Malignant gastrointestinal stromal tumor in association with Russell body gastritis-A case report.

Russell body gastritis (RBG) is an unusual form of chronic inflammation characterized by accumulation of plasma cells containing Russell bodies (RB) in the gastric mucosa. Although its pathogenesis has not been fully evaluated, there is evidence to support a strong association with Helicobacter pylori infection. Only four cases of RBG in association with malignant epithelial gastric tumors were reported. We report the first case of RBG in peritumoral mucosa of a malignant gastrointestinal stromal tumor in association with coccoid form of Helicobacter pylori and a follow-up.

A review of the genus Cyana Walker, 1854 from India, with descriptions of five new species and three new subspecies (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini).

Indian taxa of the genus Cyana Walker, 1854 are reviewed. Five new species and three new subspecies are described: C. rudloffi Volynkin N. Singh, sp. nov., C. atlanteia N. Singh et al., sp. nov., C. chrysopeleia N. Singh et al., sp. nov., C. dohertyi eirene Volynkin N. Singh, ssp. nov., C. britomartis N. Singh Volynkin, sp. nov., C. arama metis Volynkin N. Singh, ssp. nov., C. dryope Volynkin N. Singh, sp. nov. and C. conclusa nicobara N. Singh et al., ssp. nov. The replacement name for C. tripunctata Rothschild, 1936 nec. Reich, 1935 is introduced: C. arorai Volynkin et al., nom. nov. Cyana linatula (Swinhoe, 1891), stat. rev. and Cyana watsoni Hampson, 1897, stat. rev. are restored to species rank from the synonymy with Cyana subornata (Walker, 1854) and Cyana moelleri (Elwes, 1890), respectively. Cyana paeninsulana Cerný, 2009 is downgraded to a subspecies of C. selangorica (Hampson, 1903): C. selangorica paeninsulana Cerný, 2009, stat. nov. Cyana flavotincta (Draudt, 1914) is downgraded to a subspecies of C. coccinea (Moore, 1878): Cyana coccinea flavotincta (Draudt, 1914), stat. nov. Five new synonyms are established: C. detrita Walker, 1854 = Lyclene tripunctata Reich, 1935, syn. nov.; C. obliquilineata (Hampson, 1900) = Cyana baolini Fang, 1992, syn. nov.; C. gelida gelida (Walker, 1854) = Lithosia alborosea Walker, 1864, syn. nov.; C. khasiana Hampson, 1897 = Chionaema hampsoni Kaleka, 2003, syn. nov.; C. arama arama (Moore, 1859) = Bizone triguttata Walker, 1869, syn. nov. The lectotypes are designated for the following 30 taxa: Cyana detrita Walker, 1854, Barsine suffundens Walker, 1864 [1865], Bizone coccinea Moore, 1878, Chionaema coccinea form flavotincta Draudt, 1914, Bizone puer Elwes, 1890, Bizone linatula Swinhoe, 1891, Cyana dudgeoni Hampson, 1895, Bizone peregrina Walker, 1854, Cyana catorhoda Hampson, 1897, Bizone quadrinotata Walker, 1869, Bizone pallens Butler, 1877, Bizone amabilis Moore, 1877, Bizone harterti Elwes, 1890, Doliche gelida Walker, 1854, Lithosia alborosea Walker, 1864, Bizone mölleri Elwes, 1890, Cyana watsoni Hampson, 1897, Bizone gazella Moore, 1872, Bizone dohertyi Elwes, 1890, Bizone sikkimensis Elwes, 1890, Cyana khasiana Hampson, 1897, Bizone bellissima Moore, 1878, Bizone arama Moore, 1859, Bizone triguttata Walker, 1869, Bizone adita Moore, 1859, Bizone bifasciata Poujade, 1886, Bizone signa Walker, 1854, Bizone fasciculata Walker, 1856, Bizone perornata Walker, 1854 and Bizone conclusa Walker, 1862.

On the correct identification of 'Cyana dohertyi (Elwes, 1890)' from northern Indochina and China, with descriptions of two new species and a new subspecies (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae).

Two new species similar to Cyana dohertyi (Elwes, 1890), C. lada Volynkin, Cerný Saldaitis, sp. nov. (Vietnam and China) and C. titovi Volynkin, Cerný Ivanova, sp. nov. (Vietnam) are described. A new subspecies C. dohertyi mertsana Volynkin Cerný, ssp. nov. is described from North Thailand and North Vietnam. Adults, male and female genitalia of the new and related species are illustrated.

A review of the Cyana bianca (Walker, 1856) species-group with descriptions of a new species and a new subspecies from Indochina (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae).

The Cyana bianca (Walker, 1856) species-group is revised. Cyana bianca malayana Bucsek, 2012 is upgraded to the species level. A new species, C. indosinica Volynkin Cerný, sp. nov. (China: Yunnan, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam) and a new subspecies, C. quadripartita vieta Volynkin Cerný, ssp. nov. (Vietnam) are described.

The quantification of citral in lemongrass and lemon oils by near-infrared spectroscopy.

Previous work has demonstrated the capability of near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy to determine the cineole content (not less than 70% w/w) of eucalyptus oil with an accuracy comparable with that of the British Pharmacopoeia (BP) assay method. The aim of the present study was to determine if the same method was capable of quantifying other chemical constituents at similar levels in essential oils and also to ascertain if NIR spectroscopy can accurately quantify compounds present at much lower levels in essential oils. Lemongrass oil contains citral at concentrations of approximately 65-85% w/w, and lemon oil contains citral at a concentration of approximately 2-5% w/w. A total of 26 samples of pure lemongrass oil and 35 samples of pure lemon oil (both including samples that were "spiked" with citral to increase the calibration range) were scanned on the FOSS NIRSystems 6500 Rapid Content Sampler using a reflectance vessel as sample presentation method. The reference method for both types of oil was the BP monograph titration assay for the citral content of lemon oil and calibrations were constructed using these reference data. For the lemongrass oils, the mean accuracy was found to be 1.00% or less and the mean bias was 0.09% or less. For the lemon oils, the mean accuracy was found to be 4.28% or less and the mean bias was -0.71% or less. The NIR method developed was rapid, simple and non-destructive and may prove beneficial for the accurate determination of the citral content of lemongrass oils and for the approximate citral content of lemon oils.