RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To understand the health care access issues faced by Los Angeles (LA) County's uninsured and residually uninsured after implementation of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) and to identify potential solutions using a community-partnered dialogue. DESIGN: Qualitative study using a community-partnered participatory research framework. SETTING: Community forum breakout discussion. DISCUSSANTS: Representatives from LA County health care agencies, community health care provider organizations, local community advocacy and service organizations including uninsured individuals, and the county school district. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Key structural and overarching value themes identified through community-partnered pile sort, c-coefficients measuring overlap between themes. RESULTS: Five overarching value themes were identified - knowledge, trust, quality, partnership, and solutions. Lack of knowledge and misinformation were identified as barriers to successful enrollment of the eligible uninsured and providing health care to undocumented individuals. Discussants noted dissatisfaction with the quality of traditional sources of health care and a broken cycle of trust and disengagement. They also described inherent trust by the uninsured in "outsider" community-based providers not related to quality. CONCLUSIONS: Improving health care for the residually uninsured after ACA implementation will require addressing dissatisfaction in safety-net providers, disseminating knowledge and providing health care through trusted nontraditional sources, and using effective and trusted partnerships between community and health care agencies with mutual respect. Community-academic partnerships can be a trusted conduit to discuss issues related to the health care of vulnerable populations.
Assuntos
Serviços de Saúde Comunitária/organização & administração , Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde/organização & administração , Pessoas sem Cobertura de Seguro de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act , Parcerias Público-Privadas/organização & administração , Humanos , Los Angeles/epidemiologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To estimate the effects of 2014 Medicaid expansions on inpatient outcomes. DATA SOURCES: Health Care Cost and Utilization Project State Inpatient Databases, 2011-2014; population and unemployment estimates. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective study estimating effects of Medicaid expansions using difference-in-differences regression. Outcomes included total admissions, referral-sensitive surgical and preventable admissions, length of stay, cost, and patient illness severity. FINDINGS: In 2014 quarter four, compared with nonexpansion states, Medicaid admissions increased (28.5 percent, p = .006), and uninsured and private admissions decreased (-55.1 percent, p = .001, and -6.6 percent, p = .052), whereas all-payer admissions showed little change. Uninsured expansion effects were negative for preventable admissions (-24.4 percent, p = .068), length of stay (-9.3 percent, p = .039), total cost (-9.2 percent, p = .128), and illness severity (-4.5 percent, p = .397). Significant positive expansion effects were found for Medicaid referral-sensitive surgeries (11.8 percent, p = .021) and patient illness severity (2.3 percent, p = .015). Private and all-payer expansion effects for outcomes other than admission volume were small and mainly nonsignificant (p > .05). CONCLUSION: Medicaid expansions did not change all-payer admission volumes, but they were associated with increased Medicaid and decreased uninsured volumes. Results suggest those previously uninsured with greater needs for inpatient services were most likely to gain coverage. Compositional changes in uninsured and Medicaid admissions may be due to selection.
Assuntos
Reforma dos Serviços de Saúde/legislação & jurisprudência , Pacientes Internados/estatística & dados numéricos , Medicaid/estatística & dados numéricos , Aceitação pelo Paciente de Cuidados de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto , Bases de Dados Factuais , Feminino , Hospitalização , Humanos , Cobertura do Seguro/estatística & dados numéricos , Masculino , Medicaid/legislação & jurisprudência , Pessoas sem Cobertura de Seguro de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act/legislação & jurisprudência , Estudos Retrospectivos , Estados UnidosRESUMO
Interest in measuring the quality of mental health services has increased, but challenges remain in moving from general standards of quality and best practices to specific, implementable quality measures. The International Initiative for Mental Health Leadership identified 656 mental health quality measures and then applied a modified Delphi approach to assess various available alternative quality measures. Panel members considered issues of data source, segmentation, and thresholds. Policy makers and organizations will need to make difficult choices about accountability, purpose, feasibility, and validity in order to operationalize quality measurement. Empirical data can help guide them in this process.
Assuntos
Serviços de Saúde Mental/normas , Indicadores de Qualidade em Assistência à Saúde/normas , Técnica Delphi , HumanosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: This study sought to determine if primary care visits for people with serious mental illness (SMI) demonstrate different rates of basic physical health services compared to others, and to determine factors associated with differing rates of these measures in people with SMI. METHOD: The study used 2005-2010 visit-level primary care data from the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey and the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey. The provision of health counseling, receipt of any diagnostic or screening test, measurement of blood pressure or weight and evidence of hypertension control were assessed, adjusting for identified patient, provider and visit-level factors. RESULTS: After adjustment for covariates, we found no significant differences between visits for people with SMI and those without for any outcome. Probability of blood pressure measurement and diagnostic or screening testing significantly increased over time. CONCLUSION: The lack of significant differences found here might be due to adjustment for covariates, a focus only on primary care visits, the use of visit-level data or evolution over time. Mortality differences for people with SMI may be attributable to those not receiving primary care, self-management of disease or subsets of the population requiring targeted interventions.
Assuntos
Aconselhamento/estatística & dados numéricos , Nível de Saúde , Hipertensão/diagnóstico , Transtornos Mentais/terapia , Visita a Consultório Médico/estatística & dados numéricos , Atenção Primária à Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto , Feminino , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Hipertensão/epidemiologia , Hipertensão/terapia , Masculino , Transtornos Mentais/epidemiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estados Unidos/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Barriers to sustainably implementing general medical interventions in community mental health (CMH) settings include role uncertainty, consumer engagement, workforce limitations, and sustainable reimbursement. To address these barriers, this project used a community-partnered participatory research framework to create a stakeholder-based general medical and wellness intervention in a large CMH organization, with consumers involved in all decision-making processes. Consumers faced practical barriers to participating in organizational decision making, but their narratives were critical in establishing priorities and ensuring sustainability. Addressing baseline knowledge and readiness of stakeholders and functional challenges to consumer involvement can aid stakeholder-based approaches to implementing general medical interventions in CMH settings.