Effects of two bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloids, Antioquine and Tetrandrine, compared to Verapamil in Rat Thoracic Aorta.

The objective of this study was to compare two alkaloids (antioquine and tetrandrine) with verapamil; knowing that the smooth muscle respond to KCl and relationships with calcium. The effects of antioquine and tetrandrine, was studied in adults Wistar rat with modified methods used in the determination of aorta contractility and compared with verapamil effect in the same assays. The analysis of the effect of a drug or extract on aortic reactivity included maximal relaxation or maximal contraction (Cmax) (Phase 1). In our results, verapamil induced a blockade of 98.7 ± 0.7% (n = 6) in presence of endothelium and 97.9 ± 4.3% in ausence of endothelium, both in phase 1 and in phase 2 of 47.4 ± 4.1% (n = 6) in aortas in the presence of endothelium and 61.8 ± 1.1% in ausence of endothelium; Tetrandrine assays showed a phase 1 blocking effect of 63.4 ± 5.5 and 47.7 ± 2.9% (with and without endothelium, respectively) and phase 2 of 43.5 ± 6.2 and 28.5 ± 5.7%, (with and without endothelium, respectively). Antioquine presents in phase 1 and phase 2, a blockade that is not significant from the point of view of calcium antagonism. We can conclude that tetrandrine block the movement of calcium from both intracellular and extracellular deposits, with the greatest effect when aortas are in the presence of endothelium.

A Review of the Actions of Endogenous and Exogenous Vasoactive Substances during the Estrous Cycle and Pregnancy in Rats.

Vascular endothelium plays a key role in regulating cardiovascular homeostasis by controlling the vascular tone. Variations in sex hormones during the reproductive cycle of females affect the homeostasis of the cardiovascular system. Also, the evidence shows that estrogens show a cardioprotective effect. On this basis, this study describes some vascular responses induced by vasoactive substances during the estrous cycle in rats. We obtained the information available on this topic from the online databases that included scientific articles published in the Web of Science, PubMed, and Scielo. Many investigations have evaluated the vasoactive response of substances such as acetylcholine and norepinephrine during the estrous cycle. In this review, we specifically described the vascular response to vasoactive substances in rats during the estrous cycle, pregnancy, and in ovariectomized rats. In addition, we discussed the existence of different signaling pathways that modulate vascular function. The knowledge of these effects is relevant for the optimization and development of new treatments for some vascular pathologies.

Resveratrol as an anti-asthmatic agent: could this stilbenoid help against COVID-19 in any way? a meta-analysis / Resveratrol como agente antiasmático: ¿podría este estilbenoide ayudar contra el COVID-19 de alguna manera? un metaanálisis

Resveratrol is a phenolic phytoconstituent found in many plants. This molecule has always caught the attention of scientists because of biological potentials such as inhibition of inflammation, oxidative stress and platelet aggregation as well as to prevent/protect against cardiovascular and neurodegenerative disease/disorders. Literature search have been conducted over resveratrol in covid-19 and asthma studies published in Pubmed and Google Scholars until 30 September 2020. The criteria used in the literature review were determined and were reviewed works on resveratrol including 368 articles and 47 articles on covid-19 and asthma, respectively. As a result of meta-analysis, TNF-α values of the studies showed a significant difference (heterogeneity) of I2=68.39% from each other in total (Cohran Q:6.33, p<0.0423). This study shows that resveratrol would have a potential to reduce ARDS symptoms, by suppressing the cytokine storm and severe inflammation caused by SARS-CoV-2, and by showing strong activity against various types of DNA/RNA viruses.

El resveratrol es un fitoconstituyente fenólico que se encuentra en muchas plantas. Esta molécula siempre ha llamado la atención de los científicos debido a sus potenciales biológicos como la inhibición de la inflamación, el estrés oxidativo y la agregación plaquetaria, así como para prevenir/proteger contra enfermedades/trastornos cardiovasculares y neurodegenerativos. Se han realizado búsquedas bibliográficas sobre resveratrol en covid-19 y estudios sobre asma publicados en Pubmed y Google Scholars hasta el 30 de septiembre de 2020. Se determinaron los criterios utilizados en la revisión bibliográfica y se revisaron trabajos sobre resveratrol que incluyen 368 artículos y 47 artículos sobre covid-19 y asma, respectivamente. Como resultado del metanálisis, los valores de TNF-α de los estudios mostraron una diferencia significativa (heterogeneidad) de I2=68,39% entre sí en total (Cohran Q: 6,33, p<0,0423). Este estudio muestra que el resveratrol podría reducir los síntomas del ARDS al suprimir la tormenta de citocinas y la inflamación severa causada por el SARS-CoV-2, y al mostrar una fuerte actividad contra varios tipos de virus de ADN/ARN.

Complete essential oils of Laurus nobilisinducing antinociceptiveaction by opioid mechanism in C-Reflex and spinal Wind-Up model in rat / Aceites esenciales totales de Laurus nobilis inducen acción antinociceptivamediante mecanismo opioide en el modelode Reflejo-C y Wind-Up espinal en ratas

The essential oil of Laurus nobilis L. was used to test their antinociceptive efficacy. It was applied intraperitoneally (i.p.) to rats subjected to a nociception test (C reflex and spinal wind-up). The results showed that the essential oil applied at higher doses (0.06 mg/Kg) causes a complete abolition of the spinal wind-up, while the C reflex was unchanged, indicating a clear antinociceptive effect. At lower concentrations (0.012 mg/Kg), there was a lowering in the wind-up by 85% within ten minutes of the essential i.p. oil application. Interestingly, there was an effect of naloxone (0.08 mg/Kg i.p.) When applied, a change occurs that almost entirely reversed the antinociception caused by the essential oil from Laurus nobilis. We conclude that there is a significant antinociceptive effect of the essential oil of Laurus nobilis subjected to electric nociception. In addition, it was observed that naloxone reversed the antinociceptive effect (wind-up) produced by Laurus nobilis.

El aceite esencial de Laurus nobilis L. se usó para probar su eficacia antinociceptiva. Se aplicó por vía intraperitoneal (i.p.) a ratas sometidas a una prueba de nocicepción (reflejo-C y wind-up espinal). Los resultados mostraron que el aceite esencial aplicado a dosis más altas (0.06 mg/Kg) abolió completamente el wind-up espinal, mientras que el reflejo-C no cambió, lo que indica un claro efecto antinociceptivo. A concentraciones más bajas (0.012 mg/Kg), hubo una disminución en el wind-up en un 85% dentro de los diez minutos del i.p. la aplicación del aceite esencial. Curiosamente, hubo un efecto de la naloxona (0.08 mg/Kg i.p.) la cual revierte casi por completo la antinocicepción causada por el aceite esencial de Laurus nobilis. Concluimos que existe un efecto antinociceptivo significativo del aceite esencial de Laurus nobilis sometido a nocicepción eléctrica. Además, se observó que la naloxona revirtió el efecto antinociceptivo (wind-up) producido por Laurus nobilis.

Bioactividad del aceite esencial de croton trinitatis millsp colombiano / Bioactivities of essential oil from colombian croton trinitatis millsp

Los aceites esenciales son motivo de estudio debido a propiedades bioactivas, las cuales varían de acuerdo con su composición química. Los objetivos de este trabajo fueron el estudio de la composición química volátil del aceite esencial (AE) de Croton trinitatis Millsp (Euphorbiaceae) obtenido de plantas colectadas en el municipios Maria La Baja (Bolívar). Además, evaluar sus propiedades antioxidante y repelente. AEs fueron aislados mediante la técnica de hidrodestilación e identificados por cromatografía de gases acoplada a un detector de espectrometría de masas (GC-MS). Los compuestos mayoritarios encontrados en C. trinitatis fueron sesquiterpenos: cariofileno (15,3 por ciento), dihidrocurcumeno (14,5 por ciento), cis y trans calameneno (4.0 y 13.7.0 por ciento, respectivamente), ipsilon-cadina-1,4-dieno (7.4 por ciento), alaskeno (6.4 por ciento), gerrmacreno A (5.8 por ciento), biciclogermacreno (5.3 por ciento); y monoterpenos como fenchona (4.4 por ciento) y eucaliptol (1,8-cineol) (2.4 por ciento). La actividad antioxidante de los AEs se determinó por el método del radical DPPH. El porcentaje de inhibición de DPPH del aceite esencial de C. trinitatis fue del 92.2 por ciento comparado con la del ácido ascórbico (96.4 por ciento). El AE presentó la mayor actividad repelente frente al gorgojo Tribolium castaneum, a una concentración de 0.1 μL/cm2 a 2 y 4 horas de exposición (86.0 y 92.0 por ciento, respectivamente).

Essential oils are being studied because bioactive properties, which vary according to their chemical composition. The objectives of this work were to study the volatile chemical composition of essential oil (EO) from Croton trinitatis Millsp (Euphorbiaceae), obtained from plants collected in Maria la Baja (Bolívar). Also, evaluate their antioxidant and repellent properties. EOs were isolated by hydrodistillation technique and identified by gas chromatography coupled to a mass spectrometric detector (GC-MS). The major compounds found in C. trinitatis were sesquiterpens: Caryophyllene (15,3 percent), dihydrocurcumene (14,5 percent), cis and trans calamenene (4.0 y 13.7.0 percent, respectively), upsilon-cadina-1,4-diene (7.4 percent), alaskene /6.4 percent), gerrmacrene A (5.8 percent), bicyclogermacrene (5.3 percent); and monoterpens as fenchone (4.4 percent) and eucalyptol (1,8-cineol) (2.4 percent). The antioxidant activity of the EOs were determined using the method of DPPH radical. The percentage of inhibition of DPPH from C. trinitatis was 92.2 percent compared with ascorbic acid (96,4 percent). The EO from Turbaco had the highest repellent activity against Tribolium castaneum, at a concentration of 0.2 uL/cm2 at 2 and 4 hours of exposure (86.0 and 92.0 percent, respectively).

Pseudoxandra sclerocarpa maas, colombian medicinal plant: a review / Pseudoxandra sclerocarpa maas, planta medicinal colombiana: una revisión

The Annonaceae family is one of the largest, with 130 genre and 2500 species, consisting of trees, shrubs and a few vines. Within this family, the Pseudoxandra genus of neotropical distribution is found. In Colombia, there are endemic and native species, distributed in the Amazon region and along the valley of the Magdalena River in the Chocó. Of the total of 22 species that form the genus in Colombia, Pseudoxandra sclerocarpa Maas is exclusive of the Antioquia region, receiving the common name of garrapato or frisolo. From this tree, bisbenzylisoquinolinic alkaloids like antioquine, medellline, obaberine, among others, has been isolated. Also neolignans: dieugenol and dehydro-1-O-methydehydrodieugenol. It is used in traditional medicine as an antiparasitic. From the pharmacological point of view, the alkaloids have shown activity against leishmaniasis and also have spasmolytic activity. Within the bisbenzylisoquinolinic alkaloids, antioquine has properties of being calcium antagonist.

La familia Annonaceae es uno de los más grandes, con 130 géneros y 2.500 especies, que consiste en árboles, arbustos y algunos bejucos. Dentro de esta familia, el género Pseudoxandra es de distribución neotropical. En Colombia existen especies endémicas y nativas, distribuidas en la región del Amazonas ya lo largo del valle del río Magdalena en el Chocó. Del total de 22 especies que forman el género en Colombia, Pseudoxandra sclerocarpa es exclusiva de la región de Antioquia, recibiendo el nombre común de garrapato o frisolo. De este árbol se ha aislado alcaloides bisbencilisoquinolínicos como antioquina, medelllina, obaberina, entre otros. También neolignanos: dieugenol y dehidro-1-O-metil-dehidrodieugenol. Se utiliza en la medicina tradicional como un antiparasitario. Desde el punto de vista farmacológico, los alcaloides han mostrado actividad contra la leishmaniasis y también tienen actividad espasmolítica. Dentro de los alcaloides bisbencilisoquinolínicos, antioquina tiene propiedades de ser antagonista del calcio.