RESUMO
Excessive levels of saturated fatty acids are toxic to cells, although the basis for this lipotoxicity remains incompletely understood. Here, we analyzed the transcriptome, lipidome, and genetic interactions of human leukemia cells exposed to palmitate. Palmitate treatment increased saturated glycerolipids, accompanied by a transcriptional stress response, including upregulation of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response. A comprehensive genome-wide short hairpin RNA (shRNA) screen identified >350 genes modulating lipotoxicity. Among previously unknown genetic modifiers of lipotoxicity, depletion of RNF213, a putative ubiquitin ligase mutated in Moyamoya vascular disease, protected cells from lipotoxicity. On a broader level, integration of our comprehensive datasets revealed that changes in di-saturated glycerolipids, but not other lipid classes, are central to lipotoxicity in this model. Consistent with this, inhibition of ER-localized glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase activity protected from all aspects of lipotoxicity. Identification of genes modulating the response to saturated fatty acids may reveal novel therapeutic strategies for treating metabolic diseases linked to lipotoxicity.
Assuntos
Estresse do Retículo Endoplasmático/efeitos dos fármacos , Retículo Endoplasmático/efeitos dos fármacos , Glicerídeos/metabolismo , Metabolismo dos Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Ácido Palmítico/toxicidade , Aciltransferases/genética , Aciltransferases/metabolismo , Adenosina Trifosfatases/metabolismo , Retículo Endoplasmático/metabolismo , Retículo Endoplasmático/patologia , Estresse do Retículo Endoplasmático/genética , Regulação Enzimológica da Expressão Gênica , Células HeLa , Células Hep G2 , Humanos , Células K562 , Metabolismo dos Lipídeos/genética , Proteína de Ligação a Elemento Regulador de Esterol 1/genética , Proteína de Ligação a Elemento Regulador de Esterol 1/metabolismo , Transcriptoma , Ubiquitina-Proteína Ligases/metabolismoRESUMO
Rab GTPases recruit peripheral membrane proteins and can define organelle identity. Rab18 localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) but also to lipid droplets (LDs), where it has been implicated in effector protein recruitment and in defining LD identity. Here, we studied Rab18 localization and function in a human mammary carcinoma cell line. Rab18 localized to the ER and to LD membranes on LD induction, with the latter depending on the Rab18 activation state. In cells lacking Rab18, LDs were modestly reduced in size and numbers, but we found little evidence for Rab18 function in LD formation, LD turnover on cell starvation, or the targeting of several proteins to LDs. We conclude that Rab18 is not a general, necessary component of the protein machinery involved in LD biogenesis or turnover.