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1.
Small ; : e2404633, 2024 Sep 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39263764

RESUMO

The optically tuneable nature of hybrid organic/inorganic heterostructures tailored by interfacing photochromic molecules with 2D semiconductors (2DSs) can be exploited to endow multi-responsiveness to the exceptional physical properties of 2DSs. In this study, a spiropyran-molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) light-switchable bi-functional field-effect transistor is realized. The spiropyran-merocyanine reversible photo-isomerization has been employed to remotely control both the electron transport and wettability of the hybrid structure. This manipulation is instrumental for tuning the sensitivity in humidity sensing. The hybrid organic/inorganic heterostructure is subjected to humidity testing, demonstrating its ability to accurately monitor relative humidity (RH) across a range of 10%-75%. The electrical output shows good sensitivity of 1.0% · (%) RH-1. The light-controlled modulation of the sensitivity in chemical sensors can significantly improve their selectivity, versatility, and overall performance in chemical sensing.

2.
J Med Virol ; 96(9): e29913, 2024 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39257039

RESUMO

This study aimed to investigate the impact of different types of nasal inflammation on the regulation of entry-associated genes of respiratory viruses, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV-2), Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), human coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E), and influenza virus, in the nasal epithelium. Subjects were classified into three groups: control, eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis (ECRS), and noneosinophilic CRS (NECRS) groups. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane protease serine subtype 2 (TMPRSS2), alanyl aminopeptidase (ANPEP), dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4), and beta-galactoside alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase 1 (ST6GAL1), and beta-galactoside alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase 4 (ST3GAL4) were selected as key entry-associated genes for SARS-CoV-2, HCoV-229E, MERS-CoV, and influenza, respectively, and were evaluated. Brushing samples obtained from each group and human nasal epithelial cells cultured using an air-liquid interface system were treated for 7 days with typical inflammatory cytokines and analyzed using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Western blot analysis and confocal microscopy were performed. The entry-associated genes showed distinct regulation patterns in response to each interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-13 (IL-13), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interferon-γ (IFN-γ). Specifically, ACE2 significantly decreased in type 2 cytokines (IL-4 and IL-13), while TMPRSS2 significantly decreased in type 1 cytokines (TNF-α and IFN-γ). ANPEP significantly decreased in both types of cytokines. Remarkably, DPP4 significantly increased in type 2 cytokines and decreased in type 1 cytokines. Moreover, ST6GAL1 and ST3GAL4 significantly increased in type 2 cytokines and decreased in type 1 cytokines, particularly IFN-γ. These findings were supported by western blot analysis and confocal imaging results, especially for ACE2 and DPP4. The findings regarding differential regulation suggest that patients with ECRS, primarily mediated by type 2 inflammation, may have lower susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 and HCoV-229E infections but higher susceptibility to MERS-CoV and influenza infections.


Assuntos
Citocinas , Mucosa Nasal , Internalização do Vírus , Humanos , Citocinas/genética , Citocinas/metabolismo , Mucosa Nasal/virologia , Adulto , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Enzima de Conversão de Angiotensina 2/genética , Enzima de Conversão de Angiotensina 2/metabolismo , Sinusite/virologia , Sinusite/genética , Sinusite/imunologia , SARS-CoV-2/imunologia , Rinite/virologia , Rinite/genética , Rinite/imunologia , Regulação da Expressão Gênica , Serina Endopeptidases/genética , Serina Endopeptidases/metabolismo , COVID-19/imunologia , COVID-19/virologia , Coronavirus Humano 229E/genética , Dipeptidil Peptidase 4/genética , Dipeptidil Peptidase 4/metabolismo , Coronavírus da Síndrome Respiratória do Oriente Médio/genética , Coronavírus da Síndrome Respiratória do Oriente Médio/imunologia
3.
Biomacromolecules ; 2024 Sep 19.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39297577

RESUMO

Conventional anticancer therapies, including surgical resection, radiation, and chemotherapy, are the primary modalities for treating various forms of cancer. However, these treatments often bring significant side effects and risk of recurrence, underscoring the need for more targeted and less invasive therapeutic options. To address this challenge, we developed an adhesive nanoparticle (NP)-based effective anticancer photothermal therapy (PTT) system using bioengineered mussel adhesion protein (MAP). The unique underwater tissue adhesive properties of MAP NPs enabled targeted delivery and prolonged retention at the tumor site, thereby improving therapeutic efficacy. Our innovative indocyanine green (ICG)-loaded MAP NPs (MAP@ICG NPs) demonstrated strong photothermal capability and stability, and potent anticancer activity in vitro. In vivo intratumor injection of the MAP@ICG NPs showed remarkable anticancer PTT effects, effectively reducing tumor growth with minimal damage to surrounding tissues. The development and utilization of this adhesive proteinic NP-based PTT system represent a significant advancement in cancer therapy, offering a promising alternative that combines the precision of NP delivery with effective therapeutic efficacy.

4.
Clin Otolaryngol ; 48(2): 167-174, 2023 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36321192

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: This study is aimed to investigate the differences in the clinical features and surgical outcomes between hypopnea- and apnea-predominant obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). DESIGN: Cohort study. SETTING: Single tertiary care centre. PARTICIPANTS: This study included 190 patients with OSA who underwent multilevel upper airway surgery between September 2012 and September 2021. The patients were divided into two groups according to the proportion of each respiratory event: hypopnea-predominant (n = 102) and apnea-predominant (n = 88). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome measure was the percentage improvement in the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) from baseline AHI after surgery. RESULTS: The apnea-predominant group included more male patients and had higher AHI, respiratory disturbance index (RDI) and oxygen desaturation index (ODI) than the hypopnea-predominant group. Both groups showed significant improvements in AHI, apnea index, RDI, supine AHI, REM AHI, non-REM AHI, ODI, lowest O2 saturation and Epworth Sleepiness Scale scores following the surgery. Notably, hypopnea index increased after surgery in the apnea-predominant OSA group. Although the improvement in the absolute value of AHI by surgery was significantly greater in the apnea-predominant group than in the hypopnea-predominant group, the two groups showed no significant difference in the percentage improvement in AHI from baseline AHI. CONCLUSION: Patients with apnea-predominant OSA had more severe disease than those with hypopnea-predominant OSA; however, surgical outcomes, as evaluated by percentage AHI improvement, were comparable between the two groups. In addition, multilevel upper airway surgery may induce the transition from apnea to hypopnea in patients with apnea-predominant OSA.


Assuntos
Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono , Humanos , Masculino , Estudos de Coortes , Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono/complicações , Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono/diagnóstico , Resultado do Tratamento
5.
Small ; 18(28): e2200882, 2022 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35719033

RESUMO

Two-dimensional (2D) devices and their van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures attract considerable attention owing to their potential for next-generation logic and memory applications. In addition, 2D devices are projected to have high integration capabilities, while maintaining nanoscale thickness. However, the fabrication of 2D devices and their circuits is challenging because of the high precision required to etch and pattern ultrathin 2D materials for integration. Here, the fabrication of a graphene via contact architecture to electrically connect graphene electrodes (or leads) embedded in vdW heterostructures is demonstrated. Graphene via contacts comprising of edge and fluorinated graphene (FG) electrodes are fabricated by successive fluorination and plasma etching processes. A one-step fabrication process that utilizes the graphene contacts is developed for a vertically integrated complementary inverter based on n- and p-type 2D field-effect transistors (FETs). This study provides a promising method to fabricate vertically integrated 2D devices, which are essential in 2D material-based devices and circuits.

6.
Audiol Neurootol ; 26(2): 111-120, 2021.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32877901

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Fluctuating hearing loss is a distinctive feature caused by SLC26A4 variants. We investigated whether cochlear implantation had protective or deleterious effect on hearing fluctuation in patients with biallelic SLC26A4 variants. METHODS: Patients with biallelic SLC26A4 variants (N = 16; age = 10.24 ± 9.20 years) who had unilateral cochlear implantation and consecutive postsurgical, bilateral pure-tone audiograms more than 3 times were selected. We retrospectively reviewed the patients' medical records from 2008 to 2019 obtained from a tertiary medical center and used the auditory threshold change (Shift) over time as a marker of hearing fluctuation. Fluctuation events were counted, and the Shift of the implanted and contralateral ears was compared using logistic regression with a generalized estimating equation and linear mixed model. A total of 178 values were included. RESULTS: The odds of fluctuating hearing frequency were 11.185-fold higher in the unimplanted ears than in the implanted ears postoperatively (p = 0.001). The extent of fluctuation at 250 and 500 Hz was also significantly lower in the implanted ears than in the unimplanted ears after adjusting for every other effect (p = 0.003 and p < 0.001, respectively). Notably, higher residual hearing was rather associated with lesser fluctuation in frequency and the extent of fluctuation at 500 Hz, indicating residual hearing function is not the positive predictor for hearing fluctuation. CONCLUSION: In patients with biallelic SLC26A4 variants, cochlear implantation may reduce the frequency and extent of hearing fluctuations.


Assuntos
Limiar Auditivo/fisiologia , Implante Coclear , Implantes Cocleares , Perda Auditiva/cirurgia , Audição/fisiologia , Transportadores de Sulfato/genética , Adolescente , Audiometria de Tons Puros , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Audição/genética , Perda Auditiva/genética , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Estudos Retrospectivos , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto Jovem
7.
Nano Lett ; 19(4): 2456-2463, 2019 04 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30855970

RESUMO

Since transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) semiconductors are found as two-dimensional van der Waals materials with a discrete energy bandgap, many TMD based field effect transistors (FETs) are reported as prototype devices. However, overall reports indicate that threshold voltage ( Vth) of those FETs are located far away from 0 V whether the channel is p- or n-type. This definitely causes high switching voltage and unintended OFF-state leakage current. Here, a facile way to simultaneously modulate the Vth of both p- and n-channel FETs with TMDs is reported. The deposition of various organic small molecules on the channel results in charge transfer between the organic molecule and TMD channels. Especially, HAT-CN molecule is found to ideally work for both p- and n-channels, shifting their Vth toward 0 V concurrently. As a proof of concept, a complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) inverter with p-MoTe2 and n-MoS2 channels shows superior voltage gain and minimal power consumption after HAT-CN deposition, compared to its initial performance. When the same TMD FETs of the CMOS structure are integrated into an OLED pixel circuit for ambipolar switching, the circuit with HAT-CN film demonstrates complete ON/OFF switching of OLED pixel, which was not switched off without HAT-CN.

9.
ACS Nano ; 18(28): 18334-18343, 2024 Jul 16.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38960378

RESUMO

Molybdenum ditelluride (MoTe2) nanosheets have displayed intriguing physicochemical properties and opto-electric characteristics as a result of their tunable and small band gap (Eg ∼ 1 eV), facilitating concurrent electron and hole transport. Despite the numerous efforts devoted to the development of p-type MoTe2 field-effect transistors (FETs), the presence of tellurium (Te) point vacancies has caused serious reliability issues. Here, we overcome this major limitation by treating the MoTe2 surface with thiolated molecules to heal Te vacancies. Comprehensive materials and electrical characterizations provided unambiguous evidence for the efficient chemisorption of butanethiol. Our thiol-treated MoTe2 FET exhibited a 10-fold increase in hole current and a positive threshold voltage shift of 25 V, indicative of efficient hole carrier doping. We demonstrated that our powerful molecular engineering strategy can be extended to the controlled formation of van der Waals heterostructures by developing an n-SnS2/thiol-MoTe2 junction FET (thiol-JFET). Notably, the thiol-JFET exhibited a significant negative photoresponse with a responsivity of 50 A W-1 and a fast response time of 80 ms based on band-to-band tunneling. More interestingly, the thiol-JFET displayed a gate tunable trimodal photodetection comprising two photoactive modes (positive and negative photoresponse) and one photoinactive mode. These findings underscore the potential of molecular engineering approaches in enhancing the performance and functionality of MoTe2-based nanodevices as key components in advanced 2D-based optoelectronics.

10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39033351

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To assess the surgical outcomes and identify predictors of surgical success in patients with positional and non-positional obstructive sleep apnea following multilevel airway surgery. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: Singe-tertiary medical center. METHODS: This study included 158 patients with obstructive sleep apnea who underwent multilevel airway surgery. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to position dependency: "positional patients" group (n = 100), and "nonpositional patients" group (n = 58). The characteristics and surgical outcomes of the 2 groups were compared. RESULTS: The nonpositional group included younger and more obese patients in comparison to the positional group. Moreover, the nonpositional group had more severe disease than the positional group. Both groups showed overall improvement after surgery, and the surgical success rate did not differ significantly between the 2 groups (nonpositional, 41.4% vs positional, 48.0%; P = .424). Notably, 69.0% of patients belonging to the non-positional group converted to positional group postoperatively. Logistic regression analysis revealed that larger tonsil size, female sex, and higher mean O2 saturation were associated with higher success rate in the positional group, whereas larger tonsil size was associated with surgical success in the nonpositional group. CONCLUSION: Both nonpositional and positional groups showed improvements following multilevel airway surgery, and surgery induced a transition from nonpositional to positional group. Given that the factors related to surgical success differed between the two groups, surgeons should consider position dependency and these distinct factors during decision-making.

11.
Biomaterials ; 305: 122457, 2024 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38171117

RESUMO

Periprosthetic infection is a devastating postimplantation complication in which a biofilm layer harboring invasive microorganisms forms around orthopedic implants, leading to severe implant failure and patient morbidity. Despite the development of several infection-triggered antibiotic release approaches, most current antibacterial coatings are susceptible to undesired antibiotic leakage or mechanical disintegration during prosthesis installation. Herein, we propose a self-controllable proteinic antibacterial coating capable of both long-lasting adherence onto titanium implant substrates over the implant fixation period and instantaneous bacterial eradication. Importantly, the pH-dependent reversible metal coordination of mussel adhesive protein (MAP) enabled bacterial concentration-dependent antibiotic delivery in response to infection-induced acidification. In addition, the MAP coating exhibited superior self-healable adhesive properties and scratch resistance, which enabled to avert issues associated with mechanical damages, including peeling and cracking, often occurring in conventional implant coating systems. The gentamicin-loaded MAP coating exhibited complete inhibition of bacterial growth in vivo against Staphylococcus aureus penetrations during implantation surgery (immediate infection) and even 4 weeks after implantation (delayed infection). Thus, our antibiotic-loaded MAP hydrogel coating can open new avenues for self-defensive antibiotic prophylaxis to achieve instant and sustainable bacteriocidal activity in orthopedic prostheses. © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.


Assuntos
Antibacterianos , Próteses e Implantes , Humanos , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/química , Metais , Titânio/química , Bactérias , Materiais Revestidos Biocompatíveis/farmacologia , Materiais Revestidos Biocompatíveis/química
12.
Adv Mater ; 36(29): e2314274, 2024 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38647521

RESUMO

A gate stack that facilitates a high-quality interface and tight electrostatic control is crucial for realizing high-performance and low-power field-effect transistors (FETs). However, when constructing conventional metal-oxide-semiconductor structures with two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenide channels, achieving these requirements becomes challenging due to inherent difficulties in obtaining high-quality gate dielectrics through native oxidation or film deposition. Here, a gate-dielectric-less device architecture of van der Waals Schottky gated metal-semiconductor FETs (vdW-SG MESFETs) using a molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) channel and surface-oxidized metal gates such as nickel and copper is reported. Benefiting from the strong SG coupling, these MESFETs operate at remarkably low gate voltages, <0.5 V. Notably, they also exhibit Boltzmann-limited switching behavior featured by a subthreshold swing of ≈60 mV dec-1 and negligible hysteresis. These ideal FET characteristics are attributed to the formation of a Fermi-level (EF) pinning-free gate stack at the Schottky-Mott limit. Furthermore, authors experimentally and theoretically confirm that EF depinning can be achieved by suppressing both metal-induced and disorder-induced gap states at the interface between the monolithic-oxide-gapped metal gate and the MoS2 channel. This work paves a new route for designing high-performance and energy-efficient 2D electronics.

13.
Adv Mater ; 35(48): e2304599, 2023 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37506305

RESUMO

Extensive study on 2D van der Waals (vdW) heterojunctions has primarily focused on PN diodes for fast-switching photodetection, while achieving the same from 2D channel phototransistors is rare despite their other advantages. Here, a high-speed phototransistor featuring a type III junction between p-MoTe2 channel and n-SnS2 top layer is designed. The photodetecting device operates with a basis of negative photoresponse (NPR), which originates from the recombination of photoexcited electrons in n-SnS2 and accumulated holes in the p-MoTe2 channel. For the NPR to occur, high-energy photons capable of exciting SnS2 (band gap ≈2.2 eV) are found to be effective because lower-energy photons simply penetrate the SnS2 top layer only to excite MoTe2 , leading to normal positive photoresponse (PPR) which is known to be slow due to the photogating effects. The NPR transistor showcases 0.5 ms fast photoresponses and a high responsivity over 5000 A W-1 . More essentially, such carrier recombination mechanism is clarified with three experimental evidences. The phototransistor is finally modified with Au contact on n-SnS2 , to be a more practical device displaying voltage output. Three different photo-logic states under blue, near infrared (NIR), and blue-NIR mixed photons are demonstrated using the voltage signals.

14.
Diagnostics (Basel) ; 13(23)2023 Dec 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38066839

RESUMO

Eosinophilic otitis media (EOM) is a rare middle ear disease with unfavorable outcomes. Under the current diagnostic criteria of EOM, it is challenging to suspect EOM before tympanostomy. Therefore, this study attempted to use blood eosinophil levels for the differential diagnosis of EOM from other conditions. Three disease groups with features of recurrent otorrhea were categorized, which included the following: EOM (n = 9), granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA, n = 12), and primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD, n = 6). Clinical and radiological characteristics were analyzed in the three groups. Patients who underwent ventilation tube insertion due to serous otitis media were enrolled as the control group (n = 225) to evaluate the diagnostic validity of blood eosinophilia. The EOM group showed a significantly higher blood eosinophil concentration (p < 0.001) and blood eosinophil count (p < 0.001) compared to the GPA and PCD groups. The estimated sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing EOM from OME patients who underwent ventilation tube insertion were 100% and 95.6%, respectively. In addition, EOM tended to have protympanic space soft tissue density and a relatively clear retrotympanic space in temporal bone computerized tomography. Blood eosinophil evaluation is a significant clinical indicator of EOM. Furthermore, the assessment of exclusive protympanic soft tissue density can provide an additional diagnostic clue.

15.
Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg ; 168(3): 521-527, 2023 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35671146

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: This study was aimed to investigate clinical implications of mixed apnea (MA) in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), particularly whether surgical outcomes differ between OSA patients with and without MA events. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: Single tertiary medical center. METHODS: Eighty-eight patients with OSA who underwent multilevel upper airway surgery were included. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to the presence of MA events: "pure group" (n = 30) and "mixed group" (n = 58). The clinical characteristics and surgical outcomes were compared between the 2 groups. RESULTS: The mixed group included more males (P = .020) and hypertensive patients (P = .009) and had a higher apnea-hypopnea index (AHI; P < .001) than the pure group. The surgical success rate was lower in the mixed group (29.3%) than in the pure group (73.3%; P < .001). Furthermore, the postoperative improvements in total AHI (P < .001), supine AHI (P < .001), and oxygen desaturation index (P = .006) were lower in the mixed group than in the pure group. Logistic regression analysis confirmed that the presence of MA (P = .002) was an independent predictor of poor surgical outcomes in patients with OSA. CONCLUSION: OSA patients with MA showed different clinical features and poor surgical outcomes compared to those without MA. These results imply that OSA with MA components may have a distinct pathophysiology, and the presence of MA should be considered in the surgical treatment of OSA.


Assuntos
Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono , Masculino , Humanos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Polissonografia , Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono/complicações , Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono/cirurgia , Oxigênio , Resultado do Tratamento
16.
ACS Nano ; 17(4): 3666-3675, 2023 Feb 28.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36795495

RESUMO

Two-dimensional (2D)-layered material tantalum disulfide (2H-TaS2) is known to be a van der Waals conductor at room temperature. Here, 2D-layered TaS2 has been partially oxidized by utraviolet-ozone (UV-O3) annealing to form a 12-nm-thin TaOX on conducting TaS2, so that the TaOX/2H-TaS2 structure might be self-assembled. Utilizing the TaOX/2H-TaS2 structure as a platform, each device of a ß-Ga2O3 channel MOSFET and a TaOX memristor has been successfully fabricated. An insulator structure of Pt/TaOX/2H-TaS2 shows good a dielectric constant (k ∼ 21) and strength (∼3 MV/cm) of achieved TaOX, which is enough to support a ß-Ga2O3 transistor channel. Based on the quality of TaOX and low trap density of the TaOX/ß-Ga2O3 interface, which is achieved via another UV-O3 annealing, excellent device properties such as little hysteresis (<∼0.04 V), band-like transport, and a steep subthreshold swing of ∼85 mV/dec are achieved. With a Cu electrode on top of the TaOX/2H-TaS2 structure, the TaOX acts as a memristor operating around ∼2 V for nonvolatile bipolar and unipolar mode memories. The functionalities of the TaOX/2H-TaS2 platform become more distinguished finally when the Cu/TaOX/2H-TaS2 memristor and ß-Ga2O3 MOSFET are integrated to form a resistive memory switching circuit. The circuit nicely demonstrates the multilevel memory functions.

17.
Sci Rep ; 13(1): 8798, 2023 05 31.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37258535

RESUMO

Interpreting the relationship between different taste function tests of different stimuli, such as chemical and electrical stimulation, is still poorly understood. This study aims to analyze visually as well as quantitatively how to interpret the relationship of results between taste function tests using different stimuli. Patients who underwent the whole mouth test and Electrogustometry (EGM) at a tertiary medical center between August 2018 and December 2018 were reviewed retrospectively with electronic medical records. Of the 110 patients, a total of 86 adults who self-reported that their taste function was normal through a questionnaire were enrolled. EGM measured the thresholds of the chorda tympani (CT) and glossopharyngeal nerve (GL) area of the tongue. The whole mouth test measured detection and recognition thresholds for sweet, salty, bitter, sour, and umami taste. Statistical analyses of Pearson's, Spearman's rank and polyserial correlation and multidimensional scaling (MDS) was performed. The EGM threshold for the average value of both CT regions and the recognition threshold of the whole mouth test were significantly correlated in sweet, salty, bitter, and sour taste (r = 0.244-0.398, P < 0.05), and the detection threshold was correlated only significant in sweet (r = 0.360, P = 0.007). In the MDS analysis results, the three-dimensional (D) solution was chosen over the 2-D solution because of the lower stress. Detection-, recognition threshold of whole mouth test and EGM thresholds of CT and GL area, those were standardized by Z-score, formed well-distinguished sections in the MDS analyses. The EGM threshold of the CT area was closer to the detection and recognition thresholds than the EGM threshold of the GL area. In general, the EGM threshold was closer to the recognition threshold than the detection threshold for each taste. Overall, visualization of the relationship of whole mouth test and EGM by MDS was in good agreement with quantitative analysis. EGM and whole mouth test seem to reflect different aspects of taste. However, when interpreting the EGM results, the EGM threshold of the CT area will show more similarity to the recognition threshold than the detection threshold for the whole mouth test.


Assuntos
Análise de Escalonamento Multidimensional , Limiar Gustativo , Adulto , Humanos , Limiar Gustativo/fisiologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Boca/fisiologia , Paladar/fisiologia , Disgeusia
18.
Nat Nanotechnol ; 18(12): 1439-1447, 2023 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37500777

RESUMO

Recent advances in two-dimensional semiconductors, particularly molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), have enabled the fabrication of flexible electronic devices with outstanding mechanical flexibility. Previous approaches typically involved the synthesis of MoS2 on a rigid substrate at a high temperature followed by the transfer to a flexible substrate onto which the device is fabricated. A recurring drawback with this methodology is the fact that flexible substrates have a lower melting temperature than the MoS2 growth process, and that the transfer process degrades the electronic properties of MoS2. Here we report a strategy for directly synthesizing high-quality and high-crystallinity MoS2 monolayers on polymers and ultrathin glass substrates (thickness ~30 µm) at ~150 °C using metal-organic chemical vapour deposition. By avoiding the transfer process, the MoS2 quality is preserved. On flexible field-effect transistors, we achieve a mobility of 9.1 cm2 V-1 s-1 and a positive threshold voltage of +5 V, which is essential for reducing device power consumption. Moreover, under bending conditions, our logic circuits exhibit stable operation while phototransistors can detect light over a wide range of wavelengths from 405 nm to 904 nm.

19.
Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol ; 7(2): 627-635, 2022 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35434329

RESUMO

Objective: The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate the association between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and erythrocytosis. Methods: The PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for articles examining hematocrit values in patients with OSA and control individuals published till September 1, 2021. The pooled standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated, and subgroup analyses were performed. Results: Eleven eligible studies with a total of 4608 patients with OSA were included in this meta-analysis. Pooled outcomes revealed that hematocrit values were significantly higher in patients with OSA than in controls (SMD, 0.19; 95% CI, 0.08-0.29; p < .01). When studies were stratified by disease severity, the significant differences in hematocrit values between patients and controls were only observed in the severe OSA group (SMD, 0.34; 95% CI, 0.08-0.59; p < .01), but not in the mild and moderate OSA groups. In subgroup analyses according to sex and publication year, significant differences in hematocrit values between patients and controls remained stable in studies with only female patients (SMD, 0.25; 95% CI, 0.12-0.38; p < .01) and in studies published after 2012 (SMD, 0.17; 95% CI, 0.06-0.28, p < .01). Conclusion: Our meta-analysis revealed that the hematocrit value was significantly increased in patients with OSA, particularly in severe patients, compared with that in controls. However, the elevation was modest, and the hematocrit value is expected to be within the normal range in patients with OSA. These data suggest that OSA leads to slight increases in hematocrit but does not cause clinically significant erythrocytosis.

20.
Adv Mater ; 34(32): e2202866, 2022 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35700272

RESUMO

The desire to enhance the efficiency of organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) has driven to the investigation of advanced materials with fascinating properties. In this work, the efficiency of top-emission OLEDs (TEOLEDs) is enhanced by introducing ampicillin microstructures (Amp-MSs) with dual phases (α-/ß-phase) that induce photoluminescence (PL) and electroluminescence (EL). Moreover, Amp-MSs can adjust the charge balance by Fermi level (EF ) alignment, thereby decreasing the leakage current. The decrease in the wave-guided modes can enhance the light outcoupling through optical scattering. The resulting TEOLED demonstrates a record-high external quantum efficiency (EQE) (maximum: 68.7% and average: 63.4% at spectroradiometer; maximum: 44.8% and average: 42.6% at integrating sphere) with a wider color gamut (118%) owing to the redshift of the spectrum by J-aggregation. Deconvolution of the EL intensities is performed to clarify the contribution of Amp-MSs to the device EQE enhancement (optical scattering by Amp-MSs: 17.0%, PL by radiative energy transfer: 9.1%, and EL by J-aggregated excitons: 4.6%). The proposed TEOLED outperforms the existing frameworks in terms of device efficiency.

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