Multi-spectral compatible metasurface with low infrared emissivity, independent microwave complex-amplitude control, and high visible transparency.

With the rapid development of communication technology and detection technology, it is difficult for devices operating in a single spectrum to meet the application requirements of device integration and miniaturization, resulting in the exploration of multi-spectrum compatible devices. However, the functional design of different spectra is often contradictory and difficult to be compatible. In this work, a transparent slit circular metasurface with a high filling ratio is proposed to achieve the compatibility of microwave, infrared and visible light. In the microwave, based on the Pancharatnam-Berry phase theory, the continuous amplitude and binary phase can be customized only by rotating the slit angle to achieve an Airy beam function at 8-12 GHz. In the infrared, the mean infrared emissivity is reduced to 0.3 at 3-14 µm by maintaining high conductive filling ratio, and in visible light, based on the transparency of materials, the mean transmittance can achieve 50% at 400-800 nm. All the results can verify the multi-spectral compatibility performance, which can also verify the validity of our design method. Importantly, the multi-spectral compatible metasurface contributes an option for multifunctional integration, which can be further applied in communication, camouflage, and other fields.

Glycosylation of ß1 subunit plays a pivotal role in the toxin sensitivity and activation of BK channels

The accessory ß1 subunits, regulating the pharmacological and biophysical properties of BK channels, always undergo post-translational modifications, especially glycosylation. To date, it remains elusive whether the glycosylation contributes to the regulation of BK channels by ß1 subunits. Methods: Herein, we combined the electrophysiological approach with molecular mutations and biochemical manipulation to investigate the function roles of N-glycosylation in ß1 subunits. Results: The results show that deglycosylation of ß1 subunits through double-site mutations (ß1 N80A/N142A or ß1 N80Q/N142Q) could significantly increase the inhibitory potency of iberiotoxin, a specific BK channel blocker. The deglycosylated channels also have a different sensitivity to martentoxin, another BK channel modulator with some remarkable effects as reported before. On the contrary to enhancing effects of martentoxin on glycosylated BK channels under the presence of cytoplasmic Ca2+, deglycosylated channels were not affected by the toxin. However, the deglycosylated channels were surprisingly inhibited by martentoxin under the absence of cytoplasmic Ca2+, while the glycosylated channels were not inhibited under this same condition. In addition, wild type BK (α+ß1) channels treated with PNGase F also showed the same trend of pharmacological results to the mutants. Similar to this modulation of glycosylation on BK channel pharmacology, the deglycosylated forms of the channels were activated at a faster speed than the glycosylated ones. However, the V1/2 and slope were not changed by the glycosylation. Conclusion: The present study reveals that glycosylation is an indispensable determinant of the modulation of ß1-subunit on BK channel pharmacology and its activation. The loss of glycosylation of ß1 subunits could lead to the dysfunction of BK channel, resulting in a pathological state.(AU)