RESUMO
The marine fungus Pseudallescheria boydii was isolated from the inner tissue of the starfish Acanthaster planci. This fungus was cultured in a high salinity glucose-peptone-yeast extract (GPY) medium. Two new chlorinated benzofuran derivatives, 6-chloro-2-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-2,3-dihydro-5 hydroxybenzofuran (1) and 7-chloro-2-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-2,3-dihydro-5-hydroxybenzofuran (2), were obtained from the extract of the culture broth. Their structures were determined by analysis of the NMR and MS data.
Assuntos
Benzofuranos/química , Pseudallescheria/química , Animais , Estrutura Molecular , Estrelas-do-Mar/microbiologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that salidroside (SAL) can protect heart from exhaustive exercise-induced injury by enhancing mitochondrial respiratory function and mitochondrial biogenesis key signaling pathway PGC-1α-NRF1/NRF2 in rats. METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups: sedentary (C), exhaustive exercise (EE), low-dose SAL (LS), and high-dose SAL (HS). After one-time exhaustive swimming exercise, we measured the changes in cardiomyocyte ultrastructure and cardiac marker enzymes and mitochondrial electron transport system (ETS) complexes activities in situ. We also measured mitochondrial biogenesis master regulator PGC-1α and its downstream transcription factors, NRF1 and NRF2, expression at gene and protein levels. RESULTS: Compared to C group, the EE group showed marked myocardium ultrastructure injury and decrease of mitochondrial respiratory function (P < 0.05) and protein levels of PGC-1α, NRF1, and NRF2 (P < 0.05) but a significant increase of PGC-1α, NRF1, and NRF2 genes levels (P < 0.05); compared to EE group, SAL ameliorated myocardium injury, increased mitochondrial respiratory function (P < 0.05), and elevated both gene and protein levels of PGC-1α, NRF-1, and NRF-2. CONCLUSION: Salidroside can protect the heart from exhaustive exercise-induced injury. It might act by improving myocardial mitochondrial respiratory function by stimulating the expression of PGC-1α-NRF1/NRF2 pathway.
Assuntos
Complexo de Proteínas da Cadeia de Transporte de Elétrons/metabolismo , Glucosídeos/farmacologia , Traumatismos Cardíacos/etiologia , Mitocôndrias/efeitos dos fármacos , Fenóis/farmacologia , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Glucosídeos/uso terapêutico , Traumatismos Cardíacos/tratamento farmacológico , Masculino , Mitocôndrias/metabolismo , Músculo Esquelético/ultraestrutura , Miocárdio/metabolismo , Miocárdio/patologia , Fator 2 Relacionado a NF-E2/genética , Fator 2 Relacionado a NF-E2/metabolismo , Fator 1 Nuclear Respiratório/genética , Fator 1 Nuclear Respiratório/metabolismo , Coativador 1-alfa do Receptor gama Ativado por Proliferador de Peroxissomo , Fenóis/uso terapêutico , Condicionamento Físico Animal , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Fatores de Transcrição/genética , Fatores de Transcrição/metabolismoRESUMO
A novel bridging ligand bdptb(2,2'-bis(5,6-diphenyl-1,2,4-triazin-3-yl)-4,4'-bipyridine) and it's chiral diruthenium(II) complex DeltaDelta- and LambdaLambda-[Ru(bpy)2(bdptb)Ru(bpy)2]4+ (Ru2) have been synthesized and characterized by electrospray mass spectra, 1H NMR, UV/visible and circular dichroism spectra. Binding behavior of these dimeric complexes with calf thymus DNA have been investigated by absorption spectra, viscosity measurements, equilibrium dialysis experiments. The electronic absorption spectra hypochromism at the metal-ligand charge transfer of the DeltaDelta- and LambdaLambda-enantiomer are 26.4%, and 40%, and bathochromism of 13.5, and 14 nm in sequence. Equilibrium dialysis experiments results show also the binding-DNA of LambdaLambda-enantiomer is stronger than DeltaDelta-enantiomer. The increasing amounts of the novel dimeric ruthenium(II) complexes on the relative viscosities of calf thymus DNA is smaller than that of the classic intercalators such as [Ru(bpy)2(dppz)]2+ and larger than that of the non-classic intercalators such as Delta-[Ru(phen)3]2+. The experiments suggest the dimeric ruthenium(II) complex may be bound to DNA by groove binder.
Assuntos
DNA/metabolismo , Compostos Organometálicos/síntese química , Compostos Organometálicos/metabolismo , Rutênio/química , 2,2'-Dipiridil/análogos & derivados , Animais , Bovinos , Dicroísmo Circular , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética , Compostos Organometálicos/química , Piridinas/química , Espectrofotometria/métodos , Estereoisomerismo , ViscosidadeRESUMO
Two novel homoleptic ruthenium (II) complexes containing asymmetric tridentate ligands, 2-(benzimidazole-2-yl)-1,10-phenanthroline (PHBI) and 2-(naphtho[2,3-d]imidazole-2-yl)-1,10-phenanthroline (PHNI) have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, mass spectra, (1)H NMR, and electronic spectroscopy. The DNA-binding properties of the complexes have been investigated by spectroscopic methods and viscosity measurements. The results indicate that the two complexes interact with DNA via electrostatic interaction, and the mechanisms of DNA binding with the complexes have also been discussed.
Assuntos
DNA/metabolismo , Substâncias Intercalantes/química , Fenantrolinas/química , Compostos de Rutênio/química , Animais , Bovinos , Cobre/química , DNA/química , Substâncias Intercalantes/síntese química , Substâncias Intercalantes/metabolismo , Ligantes , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética , Estrutura Molecular , Fenantrolinas/síntese química , Fenantrolinas/metabolismo , Compostos de Rutênio/síntese química , Compostos de Rutênio/metabolismo , ViscosidadeRESUMO
Two novel tridentate ligands, 2-(2-benzimidazole)-1,10-phenanthroline (PHBI) and 2-(2-naphthoimidazole)-1,10-phenanthroline (PHNI), and their heteroleptic complexes [Ru(tpy)(PHBI)](ClO(4))(2).2H(2)O (1) and [Ru(tpy)(PHNI)](ClO(4))(2).H(2)O (2) (tpy=2,2':6',2"-terpyridyl) have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, mass spectra, 1H NMR, and electronic spectroscopy. The electrochemical behaviors of the two novel complexes were studied by cyclic voltammetry. The DNA-binding properties of the two complexes were investigated by spectroscopic methods and viscosity measurements. The results indicated that the two complexes interact with DNA in different binding modes. Complex 1 may bind to DNA via electrostatic interaction, while complex 2 binds to DNA by partial intercalation via the extended naphthyl ring into the base pairs of DNA.