RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Asthma is characterized by allergic airway inflammatory response involving extensive leukocyte infiltration. The stromal cell-derived factor (SDF)-1 or chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 12 (CXCL12) attracts a number of cells, including resting T lymphocytes, monocytes, CD34(+) stem cells, basophils, and mature eosinophils. To date, however, the potential role of CXCL12/SDF-1 in relation to leukocyte recruitment in asthma has not been previously examined, to our knowledge. METHODS: Levels of CXCL12/SDF-1 in the BAL fluid (BALF) of 15 subjects with asthma and 13 healthy subjects were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Immunohistochemistry was performed to identify the cellular source of this chemokine. RESULTS: CXCL12/SDF-1 concentrations were significantly elevated in BALF from subjects with asthma compared with normal subjects (median 845 pg/mL, range, 296-1,700 pg/mL vs median 55 pg/mL, range 25-97 pg/mL; P < .001). Concentrations of CXCL12/SDF-1 correlated with macrophages (r = 0.728, P < .01), lymphocytes (r = 0.651, P < .01), and eosinophils (r = 0.765, P < .01). By immunohistochemistry, CXCL12/SDF-1 was localized to the airway epithelium and to a lesser extent to mononuclear cells. CONCLUSION: CXCL12/SDF-1 is released in high concentration in BALF of patients with asthma. The finding that concentrations of this chemokine correlated with leukocyte numbers in BALF suggests that this chemokine may contribute to the cell recruitment in asthma.
Assuntos
Asma/metabolismo , Líquido da Lavagem Broncoalveolar/química , Quimiocina CXCL12/metabolismo , Leucócitos/metabolismo , Adolescente , Adulto , Asma/patologia , Líquido da Lavagem Broncoalveolar/citologia , Broncoscopia , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Feminino , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Contagem de Leucócitos , Leucócitos/citologia , Masculino , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Adulto JovemRESUMO
La tuberculosis pulmonar humana es una enfermedad infecciosa causada por M. tuberculosis; el control de la infección requiere el desarrollo de una respuesta inmune protectora. Este tipo de respuesta inmunológica incluye la participación de los macró-fagos alveolares, linfocitos T (CD4+,CD8+, NK y yδ) y la producción de citocinas como: 1L-2, IFN-γ, IL-12, IL-18 y TNF-α. Asimismo, de quimiocinas como: RANTES, MCP-1, MlP-lα e 11-8 que tienen un papel muy importante en la migración de las diferentes subpoblaciones celulares al sitio de infección para la formación del granuloma. El objetivo de este trabajo es ofrecer un panorama de los mecanismos inmunológicos involucrados en la respuesta inmune celular en la tuberculosis pulmonar humana.
Human pulmonary tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by M. tuberculosis; the protective immune response plays a central role in the control and progression of this disease. The immune response includes the participation of alveolar macrophages, lymphocytes (subsets CD4+, CD8+, NK and yδ) and cytokine production such as IL-2, IFN-γ, IL-12, IL-18 and TNF-α. Moreover, chemokines like RANTES, MCP-1, MIP-lα and IL-8 play an important role in the chemotaxis of different cell populations at the infection site for the formation of granulomas. This paper provides an overview of the immune mechanisms involved in the cellular immune response in human pulmonary tuberculosis.