Initial metal-metal bond breakage detected by fs X-ray scattering in the photolysis of Ru3(CO)12 in cyclohexane at 400 nm.

Using femtosecond resolution X-ray solution scattering at a free electron laser we were able to directly observe metal-metal bond cleavage upon photolysis at 400 nm of Ru3(CO)12, a prototype for the photochemistry of transition metal carbonyls. This leads to the known single intermediate Ru3(CO)11(µ-CO)*, with a bridging ligand (µCO) and where the asterisk indicates an open Ru3-ring. This loses a CO ligand on a picosecond time scale yielding a newly observed triple bridge intermediate, Ru3(CO)8(µ-CO)3*. This loses another CO ligand to form the previously observed Ru3(CO)10, which returns to Ru3(CO)12via the known single-bridge Ru3(CO)10(µ-CO). These results indicate that contrary to long standing hypotheses, metal-metal bond breakage is the only chemical reaction immediately following the photolysis of Ru3(CO)12 at 400 nm. Combined with previous picosecond resolution X-ray scattering data and time resolved infrared spectroscopy these results yield a new mechanism for the photolysis of Ru3(CO)12.

[Adaptive association of inversions in a natural population of the malaria mosquito Anopheles messeae Fall]. / Adaptivnaia assotsiatsii inversii v prirodnoi populiatsii malariinogo komara Anopheles messeae Fall.

The dependent combination of chromosomal variants by five paracentric inversions (IL1, IL2, IIR1, IIIR1, IIIL1) in Anopheles messeae population from the West Siberia was discovered. It is found that the inversion interactions interactions are the same at both larval and imaginal parts of the population, and they are stable during four years of studying. The inversion of hetero- and homozygotes demonstrates identical properties, that is, phylogenetic secondary sequencies dominate in heterozygotes. Two associative groups of chromosome variants were revealed. The association correlates with geographic distribution and temporal dynamics of inversions and on the whole, it reflects the evolutionary history of inversion polymorphism in A. messeae. It is supposed that the adaptive association of inversions found is the high degree polymorphism formed and functioned on the basis of the groups of inversion chromosome blocks.

[Inversion polymorphism in the malaria mosquito Anopheles messeae. VI. Local selection and 3-dimensional differentiation of the inversion gene complexes for fertility]. / Inversionnyi polimorfizm maliariinogo komara Anopheles messeae. Soobshchenie VI. Lokal'nyi otbor i prostranstvennaia differentsiatsiia inversionnykh genokompleksov po plodovitosti.

A field experiment was carried on with the view of compulsory change of the frequency of chromosomal inversion (2R1) in the population of Anopheles messeae from the centre of the area. Quick return of the population to the original structure was observed. This confirmed that the local differentiation of chromosomal polymorphism is supported by natural selection. The fertility of the females was shown to be connected with the inversion polymorphism. The females with inversion complexes of genes of the "northern" type (with homozygotes 2R1) had higher fertility and lower dispersion of the fertility, in comparison with those having gene complexes which prevailed in the south part of the area.

[Study of the karyotype of the malaria mosquito]. / Kariotipicheskoe issledovanie maliariinogo komara

A study of the karyotype composition of 22 geographycally removed natural populations of the malarial mosquito Anopheles messeae Fall revealed a chromosomal polymorphism characteristic of the whole species. 13 paracentric inversions were detected, no other gene arrangements being discovered. All the inversions can be divided into two classes: 1) wide spread inversions in hetero- and homozygous forms; 2) endemic ones discovered in individual populations in the form of heterozygotes. According to the presented photomap of salivary gland chromosomes, the inversion localization are as follows: IL1 (2a--4a), IL2 (1c--4a), IL3 (2a--3b), IL4 (1c--3b), IIR1 (7c--12c), IIR2 (10b--14b), IIL1 (15b--17a), IIIR1 (24a--26c), IIIR2 (23a--24c), IIIR3 (23b--25c), IIIR4 (27c--29c), IIIR5 (27d--30c), IIIL1 (34a--39d).

[Inversion polymorphism in the malarial mosquito, Anopheles messeae. III. The temporal dynamics of the inversion frequencies in the population of the center of a geographic range]. / Inversionnyi polimorfizm maliariinogo komara Anopheles messeae. Soobshchenie III. Vremennaia dinamika kontsentratsii inversii v populiatsii tsentra areala.

The karyotypic structure of the studied population shows the clear temporal differentiation. The frequencies of the homozygotes IIR/IIR, IIIR1/IIIR1 and IIIL/IIIL increase to the middle of the reproductive period. This homozygotes are initial gene arrangements in the phylogenetic sense and their adaptive value is evidently higher than the alternative homozygotes during the population flowering. Inter-year correlations of the dynamic frequencies of several gene arrangements appears to be due to density-dependent selection. The population karyotypic structure is characterised by a high dynamics during the season. However, no directional displacement of the inversion frequencies was observed. This stability is explained by homeostasis of the population genetic structure.

[Hemodynamic aspects of the transvenous electrodestruction of the atrioventricular junction]. / Gemodinamicheskie aspekty transvenoznoi élektrodestruktsii atrioventrikuliarnogo soedineniia.

Transvenous electrodestruction of the atrioventricular junction is an effective method of surgical treatment for supraventricular arrhythmias (paroxysmal tachysystoles) refractory to medication. However, it is central hemodynamic status alone that can be an objective indicator of favorable clinical effect. Major central hemodynamic parameters were examined in 52 patients before and after the operation. Considerable late postoperative improvement of the general condition and normalization of major central hemodynamic parameters were noted in most cases.

[Microflora and immunity in surgical patients. I. Some microfloral indices in the pre- and postoperative periods]. / Mikroflora i immunitet u khirurgicheskikh bol'nykh. Soobshchenie I. Nekotorye pokazateli mikroflory v do- i posleoperatsionnom periode

Surgical treatment can lead to the appearance of a purulent staphylococcus infection of endogenous etiology. Endogenous infection originates as a result of the patient's diminished resistance, indicated by an increase in the number of pathogenic staphylococci, the appearance of representatives of the intestinal flora in the oral cavity and on the surface of the skin. No iogenous purulent infection.

[Morphophysiological aspects of closed destruction of the conduction pathways of the heart]. / Morfofiziologicheskie aspekty zakrytoi destruktsii provodiashchikh putei serdtsa.

An experimental study in an electrophysiological model of the human body showed defibrillator discharge current, used for closed electrodestruction of His' bundle in cases of drug-resistant supraventricular tachycardias, to cause a spark discharge and high-energy shock wave around the intracardiac electrode resulting in contusion of the heart. To stop the sparking, it is suggested that impulse voltage should be reduced while its duration should be prolonged in order to maintain local destruction potential. The relationship between the damaging effect of the impulse, and its force and duration was examined so that optimum action parameters could be established.

[Several indices of immunity in the pre- and postoperative periods of patients with brain neoplasms]. / Nekotorye polazateli immuniteta v do- i posleoperatsionnom periode u bol'nykh s opukholiami golovnogo mozga.

Surgical trauma of the brain in neurooncological patients is accompanied by acute blood loss, results in a significant suppression of the resistance of the body, thus favouring the development of endogenous infection. The mobilization of the body resistance forces falls behind the growth of the number of pathogens. An active tactics is mandatory for the restoration of the suppressed immune systems by way of specific and nonspecific immunity stimulation.