RESUMO
The synthesis and SAR of a series of 4,4-disubstituted cyclohexylbenzamide inhibitors of 11ß-HSD1 are described. Optimization rapidly led to potent, highly selective, and orally bioavailable inhibitors demonstrating efficacy in both rat and non-human primate ex vivo pharmacodynamic models.
Assuntos
11-beta-Hidroxiesteroide Desidrogenase Tipo 1/antagonistas & inibidores , Benzamidas/química , Inibidores Enzimáticos/síntese química , 11-beta-Hidroxiesteroide Desidrogenase Tipo 1/metabolismo , Administração Oral , Animais , Benzamidas/síntese química , Benzamidas/farmacocinética , Sítios de Ligação , Cristalografia por Raios X , Inibidores Enzimáticos/química , Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacocinética , Humanos , Macaca fascicularis , Microssomos Hepáticos/metabolismo , Ratos , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
A bis-amide antagonist of Smoothened, a seven-transmembrane receptor in the Hedgehog signaling pathway, was discovered via high throughput screening. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that the bis-amide was susceptible to N-acyl transferase mediated amide scission. Several bioisosteric replacements of the labile amide that maintained in vitro potency were identified and shown to be metabolically stable in vitro and in vivo.
Assuntos
Aciltransferases/antagonistas & inibidores , Amidas/farmacologia , Descoberta de Drogas , Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacologia , Aciltransferases/metabolismo , Amidas/química , Amidas/metabolismo , Inibidores Enzimáticos/química , Inibidores Enzimáticos/metabolismo , Ensaios de Triagem em Larga Escala , Estrutura Molecular , Estereoisomerismo , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
The Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway regulates cell proliferation and differentiation in developing tissues, and abnormal activation of the Hh pathway has been linked to several tumor subsets. As a transducer of Hh signaling, the GPCR-like protein Smoothened (Smo) is a promising target for disruption of unregulated Hh signaling. A series of 1-amino-4-arylphthalazines was developed as potent and orally bioavailable inhibitors of Smo. A representative compound from this class demonstrated significant tumor volume reduction in a mouse medulloblastoma model.
Assuntos
Ftalazinas/química , Ftalazinas/farmacologia , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G/antagonistas & inibidores , Administração Oral , Animais , Disponibilidade Biológica , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Sistema Enzimático do Citocromo P-450/efeitos dos fármacos , Desenho de Fármacos , Proteínas Hedgehog , Humanos , Meduloblastoma/tratamento farmacológico , Meduloblastoma/patologia , Camundongos , Ftalazinas/síntese química , Transdução de Sinais , Receptor SmoothenedRESUMO
Pyridopyridazine antagonists of the hedgehog signaling pathway are described. Designed to optimize our previously described phthalazine smoothened antagonists, a representative compound eliminates a PXR liability while retaining potency and in vitro metabolic stability. Moreover, the compound has improved efficacy in a hedgehog/smoothened signaling mouse pharmacodynamic model.
Assuntos
Proteínas Hedgehog/antagonistas & inibidores , Ftalazinas/química , Piperazinas/química , Piridazinas/química , Receptores de Esteroides/química , Animais , Proteínas Hedgehog/metabolismo , Humanos , Camundongos , Microssomos Hepáticos/metabolismo , Ftalazinas/síntese química , Ftalazinas/farmacocinética , Piperazinas/síntese química , Piperazinas/farmacocinética , Receptor de Pregnano X , Piridazinas/síntese química , Piridazinas/farmacocinética , Ratos , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G/antagonistas & inibidores , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G/metabolismo , Receptores de Esteroides/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais , Receptor Smoothened , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Tilosina/análogos & derivadosRESUMO
Novel 4,4-disubstituted cyclohexylbenzamide inhibitors of 11beta-HSD1 were optimized to account for liabilities relating to in vitro pharmacokinetics, cytotoxicity and protein-related shifts in potency. A representative compound showing favorable in vivo pharmacokinetics was found to be an efficacious inhibitor of 11beta-HSD1 in a rat pharmacodynamic model (ED(50)=10mg/kg).
Assuntos
11-beta-Hidroxiesteroide Desidrogenase Tipo 1/antagonistas & inibidores , Benzamidas/química , 11-beta-Hidroxiesteroide Desidrogenase Tipo 1/metabolismo , Animais , Benzamidas/farmacologia , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Células HeLa , Humanos , Macaca fascicularis , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
A series of achiral hypoxia-activated prodrugs were synthesized on the basis of the DNA cross-linking toxin of the prodrug, ifosfamide. The hypoxia-selective cytotoxicity of several of the compounds was improved over previously reported racemic mixtures of chiral bioreductive phosphoramidate prodrugs. Prodrugs activated by 2-nitroimidazole reduction demonstrated up to 400-fold enhanced cytotoxicity toward H460 cells in culture under hypoxia versus their potency under aerobic conditions. Compounds were further assessed for their stability to cytochrome P450 metabolism using a liver microsome assay. The 2-nitroimidazole containing lead compound 3b (TH-302) was selectively potent under hypoxia and stable to liver microsomes. It was active in an in vivo MIA PaCa-2 pancreatic cancer orthotopic xenograft model as a monotherapy and demonstrated dramatic efficacy when used in combination with gemcitabine, extending survival with one of eight animals tumor free at day-44. Compound 3b has emerged as a promising antitumor agent that shows excellent in vivo efficacy and is currently being evaluated in the clinic.
Assuntos
Amidas/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Hipóxia Celular , Ácidos Fosfóricos/farmacologia , Amidas/química , Animais , Antineoplásicos/química , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos , Humanos , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética , Espectrometria de Massas , Camundongos , Microssomos Hepáticos/efeitos dos fármacos , Ácidos Fosfóricos/química , SolubilidadeRESUMO
We describe the lead optimization and structure-activity relationship of DNA minor-groove binding ligands, a novel class of antibacterial molecules. These compounds have been shown to target A/T-rich sites within the bacterial genome and, as a result, inhibit DNA replication and RNA transcription. The optimization was focused on N-terminal aromatic heterocycles and C-terminal amines and resulted in compounds with improved in vivo tolerability and excellent in vitro antibacterial potency (MIC >/= 0.031 microg/mL) against a broad range of Gram-positive pathogens, including drug-resistant strains such as methicillin-resistant Stapylococcus aureus (MRSA), penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae (PRSP), and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis (VRE). In a first proof-of-concept study, a selected compound (35) showed in vivo efficacy in a mouse peritonitis model against methicillin-sensitive S. aureus infection with an ED(50) value of 30 mg/kg.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/síntese química , DNA/química , Distamicinas/síntese química , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana , Morfolinas/síntese química , Pirróis/síntese química , Animais , Antibacterianos/química , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Distamicinas/química , Distamicinas/farmacologia , Feminino , Bactérias Gram-Positivas/efeitos dos fármacos , Ligantes , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos ICR , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Morfolinas/química , Morfolinas/farmacologia , Peritonite/tratamento farmacológico , Peritonite/microbiologia , Pirróis/química , Pirróis/farmacologia , Infecções Estafilocócicas/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções Estafilocócicas/microbiologia , Staphylococcus aureus , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Testes de Toxicidade AgudaRESUMO
Potent in vivo activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has been difficult to achieve with previously reported DNA binding antibacterials. Herein, we describe an efficient access to a focused library of new analogues yielding compounds with improved activity in a mouse peritonitis model. The most potent molecules (14 and 19) exhibit efficacy against MRSA at ED50 values of approximately 1 and approximately 5 mg/kg, respectively, and display excellent in vitro activity against vancomycin-resistant S. aureus.
Assuntos
Distamicinas/síntese química , Distamicinas/farmacologia , Infecções Estafilocócicas/tratamento farmacológico , Staphylococcus aureus/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , DNA/metabolismo , Distamicinas/uso terapêutico , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Resistência a Medicamentos , Cinética , Ligantes , Meticilina , Camundongos , Peritonite/tratamento farmacológico , Peritonite/microbiologia , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Taxa de Sobrevida , VancomicinaRESUMO
We describe the structural optimization of a lead compound 1 that exhibits dual inhibitory activities against FLT3 and CDK4. A series of pyrido[4',3':4,5]pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives was synthesized, and SAR analysis, using cell-based assays, led to the discovery of 28 (AMG 925), a potent and orally bioavailable dual inhibitor of CDK4 and FLT3, including many FLT3 mutants reported to date. Compound 28 inhibits the proliferation of a panel of human tumor cell lines including Colo205 (Rb(+)) and U937 (FLT3(WT)) and induced cell death in MOLM13 (FLT3(ITD)) and even in MOLM13 (FLT3(ITD, D835Y)), which exhibits resistance to a number of FLT3 inhibitors currently under clinical development. At well-tolerated doses, compound 28 leads to significant growth inhibition of MOLM13 xenografts in nude mice, and the activity correlates with inhibition of STAT5 and Rb phosphorylation.
Assuntos
Quinase 4 Dependente de Ciclina/antagonistas & inibidores , Compostos Heterocíclicos com 3 Anéis/síntese química , Naftiridinas/síntese química , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/síntese química , Tirosina Quinase 3 Semelhante a fms/antagonistas & inibidores , Animais , Quinase 6 Dependente de Ciclina/antagonistas & inibidores , Citocromo P-450 CYP3A , Inibidores do Citocromo P-450 CYP3A , Cães , Descoberta de Drogas , Compostos Heterocíclicos com 3 Anéis/farmacologia , Humanos , Macaca fascicularis , Naftiridinas/farmacologia , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/farmacocinética , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/farmacologia , Ratos , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Células U937 , Tirosina Quinase 3 Semelhante a fms/genéticaRESUMO
A simple, scalable, and efficient one-pot methodology for the synthesis of 4,4-disubstituted cyclohexane beta-keto esters from benzylic nitriles or esters and methyl acrylate promoted by potassium tert-butoxide is described. The process relies on a tandem double Michael addition-Dieckmann condensation reaction, which results in the formation of three discrete carbon-carbon bonds in a single pot, including a quaternary center. The method allows for the convenient and rapid synthesis of a variety of 4-aryl-4-cyano-2-carbomethoxycyclohexanone and 4-aryl-2,4-biscarbomethoxycyclohexanone building blocks for use in natural products synthesis and medicinal chemistry.
Assuntos
Cicloexanonas/química , Ésteres/químicaRESUMO
Novel DNA minor-groove binding ligands with a promising antibacterial profile are described. Apart from excellent in vitro potency against multiple Gram-positive bacterial strains such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis (VRE), and penicillin-intermediate Streptococcus pneumoniae (PISP), a small subset of compounds was active against Gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli (E. coli).
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/metabolismo , Benzimidazóis/metabolismo , DNA/metabolismo , Sistemas de Liberação de Medicamentos/métodos , Animais , Antibacterianos/química , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Benzimidazóis/química , Benzimidazóis/farmacologia , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana , Bactérias Gram-Positivas/efeitos dos fármacos , Bactérias Gram-Positivas/fisiologia , Ligantes , Camundongos , Ligação ProteicaRESUMO
The synthesis and in vitro potency of DNA minor-groove binding antibacterials lacking the C-terminal amide bond are described. The crescent shaped molecules bear the positively charged amino group at an internal pyrrole unit instead of the C-terminus. Three structural parameters were investigated: the N-terminal unit, the internal amino group, and the C-terminal ring system. Several compounds demonstrated good in vitro potency against various Gram-positive bacteria and some molecules were moderately active against Escherichia coli, a representative Gram-negative strain.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/metabolismo , Benzimidazóis/metabolismo , DNA/metabolismo , Sistemas de Liberação de Medicamentos/métodos , Bactérias Gram-Positivas/efeitos dos fármacos , Bactérias Gram-Positivas/metabolismo , Antibacterianos/química , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Benzimidazóis/química , Benzimidazóis/farmacologia , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana/fisiologia , Ligantes , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Ligação Proteica/fisiologiaRESUMO
An efficient synthesis of DNA binding molecules consisting of four heterocyclic carboxamide units and various substituents at both termini is described. The minor-groove binding ligands showed excellent activity against a broad range of Gram-positive bacteria; no cross-resistance to known antibacterial drugs was observed.
Assuntos
Amidas/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , DNA/metabolismo , Bactérias Gram-Positivas/efeitos dos fármacos , Amidas/metabolismo , Resistência Microbiana a Medicamentos , LigantesRESUMO
DNA binding ligands with potent antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria were further optimized by variation of the internal aromatic amino acids. This modification led to compounds with improved in vivo efficacy in lethal murine models of peritonitis (methicillin-resistant S. aureus, MRSA) and lung infection (S. pneumoniae).