Is the golden ratio present in the coxal bone? An anatomical pilot study.

The coxal bone is crucial for movement, stability, and childbirth. Although most morphometric studies estimate gender and age, ratio, correlation and index calculations, there are no studies on the golden ratios in the coxal bone. Inspired by this idea, we investigated the presence of the golden ratio in the coxal bones. In this study, 95 adult dry coxal bones were measured using a digital caliper. Morphometric measurements were conducted based on 18 identified parameters. 12 of these parameters were related to the distances between two points in various parts of the bone. New ratios were determined with those measurements. In our study, we detected a constant coefficient between the following lengths: anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)- posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS) and anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS)- posterior inferior iliac spine (PIIS), vertical and transverse diameters of the acetabulum (AC), ASIS-AC and AIIS-AC, PSIS-AC and PIIS-AC, ASIS-auricular surface and AIIS-auricular surface, ASIS-symphyseal surface and AIIS-symphyseal surface (respectively, 1.29, 1.05, 1.18, 2.32, 1.26, 1.32). In order to check the accuracy of this hypothesis, length of between AIIS-PIIS, transverse diameter of the acetabulum, length of between PIIS-AC, length of between AIIS-AC, shortest distance between AIIS-auricular surface, length of between AIIS-symphyseal surface were estimated with the help of new equations. We detected constant ratios between some lengths in the coxal bone. Estimated distances should be taken into account during surgical procedures to prevent complications. In this context, the constant ratios identified in our study will serve as a guide for surgeons.

A new corrosion method (Aycan's method).

BACKGROUND: As it is known, the anatomy of the vessels is examined by removing the cast of the vessels inside the organs. Generally, liquid material (polyester, takilon, etc.) is injected into the vessels with positive pressure to remove the cast from the vessels of the organs. We built a machine to remove the cast of the vessels inside the organ. We named it corrosion machine. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sheep kidneys were used in our experiment. After the kidneys were cannulated, they were placed in the vacuum chamber. With the operation of the vacuum pump, negative pressure was created in the vacuum chamber. With negative pressure, kidneys and its vessels expanded. Takilon or polyester easily entered the vessels of the kidney. The cast of the vessels of the kidney was removed. With this newly developed technique, the anatomy of the vessels whose casts were removed was examined with the naked eye, stereomicroscope or SEM. RESULTS: The corrosion machine we built can cast the vessels of the organs very well. Takilon or polyester (which we used in our experiment) easily entered the capillaries under the effect of negative pressure. CONCLUSIONS: We think that this method can also be applied to other organs and used in vascular research.

Anatomic and morphometric examination of auditory ossicles in sheep.

It is important to know the morphometry of the auditory ossicles for middle ear surgical applications. The present study aims to investigate the morphometric measurements of sheep auditory ossicles and the relationship between these ossicles. In this study, 100 malleus, incus and stapes of 50 Akkaraman sheep were examined using at trinocular stereo microscope and a total of 19 morphometric measurements were taken. The mean values of the morphometric measurements were obtained, and correlation analysis was performed between each part of each auditory ossicle. Similarities were found between the measurements of the lengths of the malleus, manubrium mallei and incus, and the width of the base of the stapes with morphometric measurements in human auditory ossicles. A significant positive correlation was found between the length of the malleus with the length of the manubrium mallei, between the length of the incus with the lengths of the long crus and corpus incudis, between the length of the stapes with the lengths of the rostral crus, caudal crus, caput stapedis, and the length and width of the intercrural foramen. Due to the anatomic similarities between sheep and human auditory ossicles, it was concluded that the auditory ossicles of sheep are suitable for use in the training of human ear surgery applications.