RESUMO
A case of left sided malignant pleural effusion is described in a 41-year-old male, his initial workup for primary site of malignancy was unknown but later found to have hidden squamous cell carcinoma of penis which is one of the rarest site of malignancy that metastasise to pleura. Penile carcinoma manifesting with pleural metastasis and pleural effusion as initial presentation has not been reported previously.
Assuntos
Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/diagnóstico , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/secundário , Pênis/patologia , Derrame Pleural Maligno/etiologia , Adulto , Idoso , Antineoplásicos/administração & dosagem , Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/tratamento farmacológico , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/cirurgia , Terapia Combinada , Dispneia/diagnóstico , Febre/diagnóstico , Hemoptise/diagnóstico , Hemoptise/etiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Metástase Neoplásica/patologia , Derrame Pleural Maligno/diagnóstico , Derrame Pleural Maligno/patologia , Radiografia Torácica/métodos , Toracentese/métodos , Toracoscopia/métodos , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/métodosRESUMO
Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1/Serpin E1) is classically known for its antifibrinolytic activity via inhibiting uPA and tPA of the fibrinolytic pathway. PAI-1 has a paradoxical role in tumor progression, and its molecular functions are poorly understood. PAI-1 is a widely accepted secretory protease inhibitor, however, a study suggested the localization of PAI-1 in the cytoplasm and the nucleus. Besides the plethora of its biological functions as a secretory protein, intracellular localization, and functions of PAI-1 remain unexplored at the molecular level. In this study, using various in silico approaches, we showed that PAI-1 possesses a nuclear export signal. Using the CRM1-specific inhibitor leptomycin B, we demonstrated that PAI-1 has a functional CRM1-dependent NES, indicating the possibility of its nuclear localization. Further, we confirm that PAI-1 is localized in the nucleus of endothelial cells using fluorescence microscopy and immunoprecipitation. Notably, we identified an unconventional distribution of PAI-1 in the PML bodies of the nucleus of normal endothelial cells, while the protein was restricted in the cytoplasm of slow-growing cells. The data showed that the localization of PAI-1 in PML bodies is highly correlated with the growth potential of endothelial cells. This conditional nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of PAI-1 during the aging of cells could impart a strong link to its age-related functions and tumor progression. Together, this study identifies the novel behavior of PAI-1 that might be linked with cell aging and may be able to unveil the elusive role of PAI-1 in tumor progression.
RESUMO
Spontaneous expectoration of the tissue fragments in primary lung carcinoma is an extremely unusual event. Expectoration of tumor fragments is a significant event that should not be ignored as it serves itself as a noninvasive tool to diagnose underlying malignancy if such samples are immediately preserved and subjected to histopathological examination. More so, expectoration of a large-sized fragment may provide substantial relief from the breathlessness. Reported here is the case of a middle-aged male patient with adenocarcinoma in the right lung, and mass extended up to trachea, who spontaneously coughed out pieces of tumor tissue.
RESUMO
A case of silicosis presenting as middle lobe syndrome is described in a middle-aged female. The diagnosis was confirmed by both bronchoscopy and demonstration of right middle lobe lumen narrowing and compression by calcified hilar lymph nodes on computerized tomographic scan. Simultaneous occurrence of endobronchial silicosis and bronchial stenosis by enlarged calcified peribronchial lymph nodes causing middle lobe syndrome has not been described previously as reported in this case.