RESUMO
The anorexigenic effect of cholecystokinin (CCK) is well documented in mammals, but documentation in neonatal chicks is limited. Thus, the present study investigated the mechanism underlying the anorexigenic effect of CCK in neonatal chicks. Intraperitoneal (IP) injection of sulfated CCK(26-33) (CCK8S) significantly decreased food intake in chicks at 60 and 300 nmol/kg. Non-sulfated CCK(26-33) (CCK8) also significantly decreased food intake, but its anorexigenic effect was observed only at the highest dose (300 nmol/kg) and short-lived. However, CCK(30-33) (CCK4) had no effect on food intake. Also, the intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of CCK8S (0.2 and 1 nmol) significantly decreased food intake in chicks. Similar to IP administration, the anorexigenic effect of CCK8 was weak and CCK4 did not affect food intake. IP and ICV injections of CCK8S caused conditioned aversion and increased plasma corticosterone concentrations, suggesting that their anorexigenic effects might be related to stress and/or malaise. This might be true in ICV-injected CCK8S because co-injection of astressin, a corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor antagonist, tended to attenuate the effect of CCK8S. The present study revealed that N-terminal amino acids and the sulfation of Tyr are important for the anorexigenic effect of CCK8S after IP and ICV administered in chicks. Additionally, the effect of central CCK8S might be related to stress and/or malaise.
Assuntos
Depressores do Apetite/farmacologia , Galinhas/fisiologia , Ingestão de Alimentos/efeitos dos fármacos , Comportamento Alimentar/efeitos dos fármacos , Sincalida/análogos & derivados , Animais , Animais Recém-Nascidos , Depressores do Apetite/administração & dosagem , Aprendizagem da Esquiva/efeitos dos fármacos , Condicionamento Psicológico/efeitos dos fármacos , Corticosterona/sangue , Hormônio Liberador da Corticotropina/farmacologia , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Injeções Intraperitoneais , Injeções Intraventriculares , Locomoção/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Fragmentos de Peptídeos/farmacologia , Estimulação Luminosa , Sincalida/administração & dosagem , Sincalida/farmacocinética , Tetragastrina/farmacologia , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
We present a rare occurrence of woman monozygotic twins with ulcerative colitis (UC). A 21-year-old woman came to our hospital because of diarrhea, abdominal pain and hematochezia. We diagnosed this case as proctitis type UC by endoscopic and histological findings. Six months later, her twin sister developed total colitis type UC. Both twins had HLA-A24, B52, DR2, and DQ1 serological types, and had DRB1*1502 DNA type, previously shown to be associated with UC. This case report suggested an association of genetic factor together with environmental factors in the etiology for UC.
Assuntos
Colite Ulcerativa/genética , Colite Ulcerativa/imunologia , Doenças em Gêmeos/genética , Adulto , Colite Ulcerativa/patologia , DNA/genética , Feminino , Antígenos HLA-DR/genética , Cadeias HLA-DRB1 , Teste de Histocompatibilidade , Humanos , Fatores de Risco , Gêmeos MonozigóticosRESUMO
Dietary supplements have become very popular worldwide because they are believed to be safe with few side effects. Here, we report three cases of liver injury caused by Sennomotokounou, a Chinese dietary supplement for weight reduction. All patients developed acute hepatotoxicity and recovered spontaneously after withdrawal of dietary product. This product contains fenfluramine, n-nitroso-fenfluramine, and dried thyroid tissue powder. In Japan, the regulatory agency for drug and food safety received 120 reports of hepatotoxicity associated with Sennomotokounou between 2000 and 2002. Physicians should inquire about the use of dietary supplements whenever patients present with unexplained acute liver dysfunction.