RESUMO
In January 1987, HIV antibodies were detected by means of an immunoenzymatic assay, indirect immunofluorescence and Western blot in 52 out of 302 male urban-based professionals and in 28 out of 150 health workers in Kigali, Rwanda. Univariate analysis showed an association between HIV seropositivity and a history of sexually transmitted diseases (STD), blood transfusion, medical injections for treatment of STD, and medical injections for treatment of febrile illnesses. However, injection related to treatment of other conditions were not associated with HIV seropositivity. Among health workers, no association between HIV seropositivity and professional or accidental exposure to HIV-infected patients or to their body fluids was identified. Discriminant analysis showed that HIV seropositivity was associated only with a history of STD and with a history of blood transfusion. In central Africa, a history of STD and a history of blood transfusion should be considered as risk factors for HIV seropositivity. Medical or accidental injections do not seem to play a major role in the transmission of HIV among adults in central Africa.
Assuntos
Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/transmissão , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/etiologia , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/imunologia , Adulto , Anticorpos Antivirais/isolamento & purificação , Feminino , HIV/imunologia , Anticorpos Anti-HIV , Humanos , Injeções/efeitos adversos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores de Risco , Ruanda , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis/complicações , Reação Transfusional , População UrbanaRESUMO
The authors communicate their experience in the treatment of ankylostomiase with levamisole; with a dose of 2.5 mg/kg body weight they achieved a positive result in two-thirds of the cases in a series of 119 without any toxic side effects.
Assuntos
Ancilostomíase/tratamento farmacológico , Enteropatias Parasitárias/tratamento farmacológico , Levamisol/uso terapêutico , Feminino , Humanos , MasculinoAssuntos
Cloranfenicol/uso terapêutico , Doxiciclina/uso terapêutico , Sulfametoxazol/uso terapêutico , Trimetoprima/uso terapêutico , Tifo Epidêmico Transmitido por Piolhos/tratamento farmacológico , Administração Oral , Sangue/microbiologia , Ensaios Clínicos como Assunto , Feminino , Febre/tratamento farmacológico , Humanos , Masculino , RuandaRESUMO
To evaluate acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in central Africa a prospective study was done in Kigali, Rwanda, where Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is endemic. During a 4 week period, 26 patients (17 males and 9 females) were diagnosed. 16 patients had opportunistic infections, associated with KS in only 2; 1 had multifocal KS alone; and 9 had clinical conditions consistent with prodromes of AIDS. All patients had severe T-cell defects characterised by cutaneous anergy, a striking decrease in the number of helper T cells, and a decreased OKT4:OKT8 ratio (mean 0.27). 21 of the 22 adult patients were living in urban centres and many of them were in the middle to upper income bracket. Most of the men were promiscuous heterosexuals and 43% of the females were prostitutes. No patient had a history of homosexuality, intravenous drug abuse, or transfusion in the previous 5 years. This study suggests that AIDS is present in central Africa as an entity probably unrelated to the well-known endemic African KS. An association of an urban environment, a relatively high income, and heterosexual promiscuity could be a risk factor for AIDS in Africa.