Morpometric and molecular characterization of Surguli goat through CO1 gene in district Kohat.

The present study was designed with the aim to study morphometric characterization as well as phylogeny and diversity of the local Surguli goat at their breeding tract district Kohat through mitochondrial DNA region, i.e., Cytochrome C Oxidase Subunit One (CO1) gene. Morphometric data and blood samples were collected from thirty (30) pure goats. Morphometric analysis showed that sex had significant effect (p < 0.05) on body weight, body length, hearth girth and horn length while no significant effect (p > 0.05) was observed for other characteristics. The results also indicated that age had significant effect (p < 0.05) on height at rump, ear length, horn length and tail length while no significant effect (p > 0.05) was observed for other characteristics. The phylogenetic analysis through CO1 nucleotide sequences within nucleotide range 1-767 showed nine polymorphic sites segregating into eight haplotypes. The mean intraspecific diversity and mean interspecific diversity were calculated as 0.23 and 2.36%, respectively. Phylogenetic tree revealed that Capra Ibex and native Surguli goat have common ancestors. The morphometric and molecular results obtained from the present study can be exploited as a selection tool for breeding and overall improvement.

Impact of low-dose chronic exposure to bisphenol A and its analogue bisphenol B, bisphenol F and bisphenol S on hypothalamo-pituitary-testicular activities in adult rats: A focus on the possible hormonal mode of action.

Bisphenol A an estrogen-mimic endocrine disrupting chemical, used to manufacture polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins with toxic effects for male reproduction. Due to its toxicity, industries have started to replace it with other bisphenols. In this study, the toxicity of BPA analogues (BPB, BPF and BPS) was evaluated in a chronic study. We investigated whether the chronic exposure to low bisphenols doses affects spermatogenesis with outcomes on oxidative stress and male reproductive system. Male rats (22 day old) were exposed to water containing 0.1% ethanol for control or different concentrations of BPA and its analogues BPB, BPF and BPS (5, 25 and 50 µg/L) in drinking water for 48 weeks. Results of the present study showed a significant alteration in the gonadosomatic index (GSI) and relative reproductive organs weights. Oxidative stress in the testis was significantly elevated while sperm motility, Daily sperm production (DSP) and number of sperm in epididymis were reduced. Plasma testosterone, LH and FSH concentrations were reduced and estradiol levels were high in 50 µg/L exposed group. These results suggest that exposure to BPA and its analogues for chronic duration can induce structural changes in testicular tissue and endocrine alterations in the male reproductive system.