RESUMO
The results of the long term work of the Russian Scientific Centre of Roentgenology and Radiology on me- dical investigation of the participants in the liquidation of the consequences of Chernobyl power plant acci- dent have been summarized. It has been stated that circulatory system and tumor diseases occupy the leading position in the disease rate among the affected liquidators. The important role of cytogenetic investigation was pointed out. It allows us not only to determine the efficient impact on the human body but also to evaluate the effective dose of radiation, the information about which allows us to predict the development of distant post-irradiation pathology. The results of cytogenetic investigations testify to the interrelation between the level of chromosomal abnormalities and cardiovascular diseases and confirm the clinical data on the non- neoplastic.pathology among the liquidators of the accident.
Assuntos
Acidente Nuclear de Chernobyl , Neoplasias Induzidas por Radiação/prevenção & controle , Exposição Ocupacional/prevenção & controle , Lesões por Radiação/prevenção & controle , Anormalidades Cardiovasculares/epidemiologia , Anormalidades Cardiovasculares/etiologia , Anormalidades Cardiovasculares/patologia , Anormalidades Cardiovasculares/prevenção & controle , Aberrações Cromossômicas/efeitos da radiação , Humanos , Neoplasias Induzidas por Radiação/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Induzidas por Radiação/genética , Neoplasias Induzidas por Radiação/patologia , Doses de Radiação , Lesões por Radiação/epidemiologia , Lesões por Radiação/genética , Lesões por Radiação/patologia , Federação Russa/epidemiologia , Ucrânia/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Conducting postoperative radiotherapy in a mode of hypofranctionation with SFD-3Gy to TFD-36-39Gy (EQD2 = 43,246,8Gy) in combined treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer allows significantly increasing a 5-year disease-free survival at IIB-IIIB stages of the disease (pN1-2) as well as the central cancer, squamous cell morphological type of tumor after surgery in a volume of lob-bilobectomy. The clearest effect of postoperative radiotherapy is assessed by survival without locoregional recurrence where radiation therapy in the adjuvant setting allows achieving a statistically significant increase in local control of the disease to the level of 85-95% regardless of stage of the disease, tumor size, regional lymph nodes lesion and the surgical treatment.
Assuntos
Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Adulto , Idoso , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/mortalidade , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/radioterapia , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/cirurgia , Intervalo Livre de Doença , Feminino , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/mortalidade , Neoplasias Pulmonares/radioterapia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/cirurgia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Cuidados Pós-Operatórios/métodos , Taxa de SobrevidaRESUMO
It is presented 40-years experience of tracheal adenocystic carcinoma diagnosis and management in 144 patients. Peculiarities of clinical course and choice of diagnostic and therapeutic measures are discussed in relation to stenosis and hypoxia degree and severity of accompanying inflammatory complications of trachea, bronchi and lungs. Technical tools and original methods of resection and reconstruction of trachea and it's bifurcation after extended lung resection are described. Surgical management is carried out in 96 patients: all patients underwent circular resection of trachea (77) or it's bifurcation (19). Morbidity rate was 22.9% and mortality - 3.1%. Additional radiotherapy was carried out in 50 patients. 41 patients underwent radiotherapy alone. Radiotherapy improves remote results of management. 5-and 10-year survival rate was 78.3±6.1 and 45.9±7.9% after surgery alone, 92.0±3.9 and 77.1±6.5% after combined treatment and 76.4±6.5 and 55.0±10.7% after radiotherapy alone respectively.
Assuntos
Carcinoma Adenoide Cístico , Neoplasias da Traqueia , Carcinoma Adenoide Cístico/diagnóstico , Carcinoma Adenoide Cístico/terapia , Humanos , Neoplasias da Traqueia/diagnóstico , Neoplasias da Traqueia/terapia , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Our study was conducted in patients with primary squamous cell carcinoma of the trachea and adenoid cystic carcinoma (191) (radical surgery--90; combined treatment--101). The former pathology was relatively more aggressive. Combined treatment proved more effective as compared with surgery alone (5- and 10-year survival after surgery was 79 and 64%; combined treatment--92 and 79%, respectively).
Assuntos
Carcinoma Adenoide Cístico/diagnóstico por imagem , Carcinoma Adenoide Cístico/cirurgia , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/diagnóstico por imagem , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/cirurgia , Neoplasias da Traqueia/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias da Traqueia/cirurgia , Adulto , Idoso , Fracionamento da Dose de Radiação , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Radiografia , Radioterapia Adjuvante , Traqueotomia , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
The paper deals with the importance of treatment of primary cancer of the trachea and, in particular, the experience of the Center in using radical therapy for inoperable squamous cell tumors and adenoid cystic carcinoma. An original system of tumor staging developed at the Center draws on international classifications (TNIVI) and methods of radiotherapy depending on tumor localization. It is shown that tracheal malignancies, especially adenoid cystic carcinomas, are characterized by relatively high radiosensitivity.
Assuntos
Carcinoma Adenoide Cístico/radioterapia , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/radioterapia , Planejamento da Radioterapia Assistida por Computador , Radioterapia Assistida por Computador , Neoplasias da Traqueia/radioterapia , Idoso , Carcinoma Adenoide Cístico/mortalidade , Carcinoma Adenoide Cístico/patologia , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/mortalidade , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patologia , Fracionamento da Dose de Radiação , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Análise de Sobrevida , Neoplasias da Traqueia/mortalidade , Neoplasias da Traqueia/patologia , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
The paper deals with immediate and end results of surgical treatment of 435 elderly patients (70-years-old or older) with gastric cancer and the specifics of postoperative complications influencing the postoperative course of the disease. Metastasis to the regional lymph nodes appeared to be a prognostic factor of crucial importance in the latter period: 5-year recurrence-free (N0) survival was 60.3% +/- 5.2 vs. 17.6% +/- 10.3 (in 1-6 lymph nodes) and 5.2% +/- 5.0 (in 7-15 lymph nodes) (N1).
Assuntos
Gastrectomia/métodos , Neoplasias Gástricas/patologia , Neoplasias Gástricas/cirurgia , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Intervalo Livre de Doença , Feminino , Gastrectomia/efeitos adversos , Humanos , Metástase Linfática , Masculino , Cuidados Paliativos/métodos , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/etiologia , Prognóstico , Fatores de Risco , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
A 40-year experience of use of surgical and combined treatment of lung cancer is discussed (n=3,687; surgery--26.7%, combined treatment--73.3%). Eight protocols were used depending on stage of tumor, dose of radiation and fractionation pattern. Role and effectiveness of reconstruction surgery involved in lung cancer treatment are established and end results vis-à-vis main prognostic factors presented. Failed treatment and rationale for systemic chemotherapy as a component of combined treatment are evaluated.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Pulmonares/terapia , Pneumonectomia , Idoso , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Quimioterapia Adjuvante , Feminino , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/cirurgia , Metástase Linfática , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Prognóstico , Dosagem Radioterapêutica , Radioterapia Adjuvante , Estudos Retrospectivos , Falha de TratamentoRESUMO
Multivariate analysis of risk of locally-advanced breast cancer IA-IIIB progression was carried out in 444 patients 10 years after mastectomy in the framework of two randomized studies. Combination therapy (median 156.3 months) included mastectomy, different modalities of neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemohormonal and radiotherapy.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Neoplasias da Mama/cirurgia , Mastectomia , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/etiologia , Adulto , Idoso , Antineoplásicos Hormonais/uso terapêutico , Quimioterapia Adjuvante , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Metástase Linfática , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Análise Multivariada , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Prognóstico , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
The study was concerned with antitumor action of internalized peptide incorporating a fragment of p161INK4a using a model of short-lived human tumor cultures sampled from resected material. Renal cancer sample showed the greatest therapeutic interval.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Inibidor p16 de Quinase Dependente de Ciclina/farmacologia , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico , Antineoplásicos/metabolismo , Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Inibidor p16 de Quinase Dependente de Ciclina/metabolismo , Inibidor p16 de Quinase Dependente de Ciclina/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Neoplasias Renais/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias/metabolismo , Fatores de Tempo , Células Tumorais CultivadasRESUMO
A comparison was made of chemoradiation lesions of lower urinary tract mucosa in urinary bladder (UB) cancer at stage T1-3N0-1MO and approaches to their treatment. An optimal algorithm of examination and treatment of the above patients with consideration of the disease stage and somatic status is proposed.
Assuntos
Efeitos Colaterais e Reações Adversas Relacionados a Medicamentos , Radioterapia/efeitos adversos , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/radioterapia , Algoritmos , Cistite/induzido quimicamente , Cistite/patologia , Fracionamento da Dose de Radiação , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Dor/etiologia , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
Patients receiving radical surgery or combined radiotherapy suffer from such grave postoperative urological complications as radiation-related cystitis, urinary bladder dysfunction, "shrunken" bladder, fistula, chronic renal failure, ureteral stricture and sexual disorders which affect the quality of life. Changes in function of the urinary tracts in patients with endometrial and cervical carcinoma were followed throughout the course of combined treatment. Complex examination comprised urological history, ureteral features, urinalysis, blood count, ultrasound, combined urodynamic study, nephroscintigraphy combined with excretory urography, and cystoscopy, when required. Due to all those measures, complication rates decreased while the quality of life improved.
Assuntos
Carcinoma/terapia , Neoplasias do Endométrio/terapia , Disfunções Sexuais Fisiológicas/etiologia , Sistema Urinário/efeitos da radiação , Urografia , Doenças Urológicas/diagnóstico por imagem , Doenças Urológicas/etiologia , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/terapia , Adulto , Idoso , Contagem de Células Sanguíneas , Carcinoma/radioterapia , Carcinoma/cirurgia , Cistite/diagnóstico por imagem , Cistite/etiologia , Cistoscopia , Neoplasias do Endométrio/radioterapia , Neoplasias do Endométrio/cirurgia , Feminino , Humanos , Falência Renal Crônica/diagnóstico por imagem , Falência Renal Crônica/etiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Qualidade de Vida , Radioterapia Adjuvante/efeitos adversos , Obstrução Ureteral/diagnóstico por imagem , Obstrução Ureteral/etiologia , Urinálise , Bexiga Urinária/diagnóstico por imagem , Bexiga Urinária/efeitos da radiação , Doenças da Bexiga Urinária/diagnóstico por imagem , Doenças da Bexiga Urinária/etiologia , Sistema Urinário/fisiopatologia , Urodinâmica , Doenças Urológicas/fisiopatologia , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/radioterapia , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/cirurgiaRESUMO
The study is concerned with proapoptotic properties of chimera peptides which incorporate sequences of inhibitors of cyclin kinases p161NK4a and p21CIP/WAF1 as well as internalized sequences (Antp and tat). Sequences of the p16 type appeared to be more cytotoxic than the p21 one. Cytotoxic effect proved dependent on orientation with respect to the C or N terminal point of a polypeptide chain rather than on chimera sequence extent. Although p16 endogenous synthesis did not influence chimera peptide levels, apoptosis did not take place in certain cellular lines. Due to the rather unsophisticated nature of such synthesis, it might be used in designing individually-tailored chemotherapeutic drugs.
Assuntos
Proteína do Homeodomínio de Antennapedia/metabolismo , Apoptose , Quimera , Inibidor p16 de Quinase Dependente de Ciclina/farmacologia , Inibidor de Quinase Dependente de Ciclina p21/farmacologia , Produtos do Gene tat/metabolismo , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Inibidor p16 de Quinase Dependente de Ciclina/biossíntese , Inibidor p16 de Quinase Dependente de Ciclina/genética , Inibidor de Quinase Dependente de Ciclina p21/biossíntese , Inibidor de Quinase Dependente de Ciclina p21/genética , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Genes p16 , Genes p53 , Humanos , Células Jurkat , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Peptídeos/farmacologiaRESUMO
Data are presented on our 5-year experience with combination chemotherapy of stage II-IV Hodgkin's disease (110), the unfavorable prognosis group, using a novel regimen of chemotherapy--CEA/ABVD (belustin, etoposide, doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, dacarbazine). Complete remission after 4 courses of CEA/ABVD chemotherapy was reported in 31.8%, unconfirmed complete remission--45.5%, objective effect--100% and an 80% regression of tumor mass--93.2%. No chemo-resistant forms were identified. Five-year actuarial relapse-free survival was 96.4%; overall 5-year survival--97.7%. Death from complications recorded during medication period occurred in 2.3% (1 out of 44), recurrence--2.3% (1 out of 44). Recurrence-free survival rose by 25% (p < 0.05) while overall survival--by 20% (p = 0.04 in year 3), as compared with COOP(MOPP)/ABVD (179 patients with poor prognosis). Our regimen opens up new vistas in managing Hodgkin's disease.
Assuntos
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Doença de Hodgkin/tratamento farmacológico , Adulto , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/administração & dosagem , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/efeitos adversos , Bleomicina/administração & dosagem , Carboplatina/administração & dosagem , Dacarbazina/administração & dosagem , Intervalo Livre de Doença , Doxorrubicina/administração & dosagem , Esquema de Medicação , Etoposídeo/administração & dosagem , Feminino , Seguimentos , Doença de Hodgkin/patologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Prognóstico , Análise de Sobrevida , Resultado do Tratamento , Vimblastina/administração & dosagemRESUMO
Recurrence-free survival rate after conservative treatment of penile carcinoma was as high as 81%. The best results were obtained with use of combined radiotherapy (monotherapy and telegamma therapy concurrent with penile resection or circumcision) (91.6 and 75%, respectively). Organ-saving treatment was most effective in T1-T2 penile carcinoma while MRI yielded the most reliable diagnostic evidence on depth of primary tumor invasion and regional lymph node involvement.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Penianas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Penianas/terapia , Adulto , Idoso , Terapia Combinada , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias Penianas/radioterapia , Neoplasias Penianas/cirurgiaRESUMO
Data on 668 patients receiving 4-8 cycles of chemotherapy were used to suggest the following approach to complex therapy of Hodgkin's disease: devise a simplified model for Hodgkin's disease, develop a new modality of chemotherapy, demonstrate feasibility of only four chemotherapy cycles in the poor prognosis group, partial response as the ultimate goal of chemotherapy as well as the importance of subtotal dosage under 26-36 Gy sufficient for irradiation of the entire lymphatic collector. Said measures will, in their totality, offer fresh opportunities in treatment of Hodgkin's disease.
Assuntos
Doença de Hodgkin/tratamento farmacológico , Doença de Hodgkin/radioterapia , Adulto , Idoso , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Quimioterapia Adjuvante , Estudos de Viabilidade , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prognóstico , Radioterapia Adjuvante , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
An overall morphologic evaluation of a case of facial skin chondroid syringoma (CS) provided evidence for CS classification as borderline. Histologically, CS showed signs of cellular elements polymorphism, contained structures typical for CS whereas electron-microscopically there were two types of cells: epithelial and myoepithelial.
Assuntos
Adenoma de Glândula Sudorípara/ultraestrutura , Neoplasias Faciais/ultraestrutura , Neoplasias Cutâneas/ultraestrutura , Epitélio/ultraestrutura , Feminino , Humanos , Microscopia Eletrônica , Pele/ultraestruturaRESUMO
This review concerns the development and progression of one of the forms of peripheral lung cancer--bronchiolo-alveolar carcinoma (BAC). The study is based on the comparison of roentgenological, histological, immunohistochemical examinations and results of surgical treatment of 482 patients with this tumor. Morphological and clinical variants of BAC are defined. It is confirmed that their biological behavior may vary within the forms and differ from common adenocarcinoma. A close correlation exists between clinicoroentgenological picture and histological form of BAC.
Assuntos
Adenocarcinoma Bronquioloalveolar , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Adenocarcinoma Bronquioloalveolar/diagnóstico por imagem , Adenocarcinoma Bronquioloalveolar/patologia , Adenocarcinoma Bronquioloalveolar/fisiopatologia , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/fisiopatologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , RadiografiaRESUMO
84 tracheal tumors the correct diagnosis of which was established during roentgenoendoscopical investigation combined with urgent cytological diagnosis are reported. Cytological fast diagnosis can be considered a reliable method of morphological diagnostics.
Assuntos
Emergências , Endoscopia/métodos , Neoplasias da Traqueia/diagnóstico , Adenoma Pleomorfo/diagnóstico , Adulto , Idoso , Tumor Carcinoide/diagnóstico , Carcinoma Adenoide Cístico/diagnóstico , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/diagnóstico , Citodiagnóstico , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Papiloma/diagnóstico , Radiografia , Neoplasias da Traqueia/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias da Traqueia/patologiaRESUMO
Regular investigations on application of hyperthermia in oncology have been carried out since the second half of the 1950s. The usage of distant tissues heating faces considerable difficulties in maintenance of therapeutic temperature in the whole volume of the tumor. Thus, the use of interstitial hyperthermia is promising, especially, ferromagnetic hyperthermia which causes damage not only to central but also to peripheral zones of tumors. Light and electron microscopies have not revealed specific features of cell damage by which ferromagnetic hyperthermia might differ from other methods of antitumor treatment.
Assuntos
Hipertermia Induzida , Neoplasias Experimentais/patologia , Neoplasias/patologia , Neoplasias/terapia , Animais , Compostos Férricos , Humanos , Magnetismo , Neoplasias Experimentais/terapiaRESUMO
The following pulmonary lesions were studied: carcinoma, carcinoid, tuberculoma, chondromatous hamartoma, chronic non-specific inflammatory process. Material was obtained through fiber bronchoscopy and roentgeno-endoscopical examination. Pappenheim staining in the modification of Astrakhantsev-Nechaeva and Ziehl-Neelsen staining were used. 80 cases within 1993 were studied, among them 71 peripheral lung carcinomas. 3 carcinoids, 3 tuberculoses, 1 non-specific inflammation. Basic cytological criteria are summarized which will improve the quality of the presurgical diagnosis.