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BACKGROUND: Umbilical cord blood (UCB) has improved into an attractive and alternative source of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cells (all-HSCs) in clinics and, research for three decades. Recently, it has been shown that the limited cell dose of, this valuable source can be enhanced by the ex vivo expansion of cells in many, ways. We evaluated the expression of the Gata transcription factors family and FOG-1, in expanded and differentiated cord blood-derived CD34 + hematopoietic stem cells to, megakaryocytes lineage., Methods: Separated mononuclear cells were cultured in DMEM complete medium., Harvested cells as a mesenchymal stem cell at 85 % confluency were cultured with, trypsin/EDTA and in 24-well plates. The characteristic analyses of isolated UCB- MSCs, were done by flow cytometry and adipogenic, chondrogenic, and osteogenic, differentiation assays. MACS purified UCB-CD34 + hematopoietic cells cultivated and, differentiated to megakaryocyte progenitor cells in the presence of cytokine cocktail, with UCB-MSCs. Then, the GATA1, GATA2, GATA3, and FOG-1 genes expression, after differentiation to megakaryocyte progenitor cells were performed by quantitative, real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR)., Results: In this study, the results of real-time-PCR showed that the fold change, expression of GATA-1, FOG-1, and GATA-2 genes after co-culturing with UCB-MSCs, significantly increased to 7.3, 4.7, and 3.3-fold in comparison with control groups;respectively., Conclusion: UCB-MSCs can increase the expansion and differentiation of UCBCD34 + , to megakaryocyte progenitor cells through upregulation of GATA-1, GATA-2, and FOG-1 gene expression.
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Sangue Fetal , Células-Tronco Mesenquimais , Humanos , Antígenos CD34/metabolismo , Diferenciação Celular , Proliferação de Células , Células Cultivadas , Técnicas de Cocultura , Fatores de Transcrição GATA/metabolismo , Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/metabolismo , Megacariócitos/metabolismo , Células-Tronco Mesenquimais/metabolismo , Regulação para CimaRESUMO
Exploring the function of interleukin (IL) 17 and related cytokine interactions have been proven useful toward understanding the role of inflammation in autoimmune diseases. Production of the inflammatory cytokine IL-23 by dendritic cells (DC's) has been shown to promote IL-17 expression by Th17 cells. It is well established that Th17 cells play an important role in several autoimmune diseases including psoriasis and alopecia. Our recent investigations have suggested that Kynurenine-rich environment can shift a pro-inflammatory response to an anti-inflammatory response, as is the case in the presence of the enzyme Indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase (IDO), the rate-limiting enzyme in tryptophan degradation and Kynurenine (Kyn) production. In this study, we sought to explore the potential role of kynurenic acid (KynA), in modulating the expression of IL-23 and IL-17 by DCs and CD4+ cells, respectively. The result of flow cytometry demonstrated that the frequency of IL-23-producing DCs is reduced with 100 µg/ml of KynA as compared with that of LPS-stimulated DCs. KynA (100 µg/ml) addition to activated T cells significantly decreased the level of IL-17 mRNA and frequency of IL-17+ T cells as compared to that of concanavalin (Con) A-activated T cells. To examine the mechanism of the suppressive role of KynA on IL-23/IL-17 in these cells, cells were treated with 3 µM G-protein-coupled receptor35 (GPCR35) inhibitor (CID), for 60 min. The result showed that the reduction of both adenylate cyclase (AC) and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) by KynA is involved in suppression of LPS-induced IL-23p19 expression. Since GPCR35 is also detected on T cells; therefore, it is concluded that KynA plays an important role in modulating the expression of IL-23 and IL-17 in DCs and Th17 cells through inhibiting GPCR35 and downregulation of both AC and cAMP.
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Células Dendríticas/imunologia , Interleucina-17/imunologia , Interleucina-23/imunologia , Ácido Cinurênico/farmacologia , Sistemas do Segundo Mensageiro/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Th17/imunologia , Animais , AMP Cíclico/imunologia , Células Dendríticas/citologia , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/imunologia , Indolamina-Pirrol 2,3,-Dioxigenase/imunologia , Masculino , Camundongos , Sistemas do Segundo Mensageiro/imunologia , Células Th17/citologiaRESUMO
In recent years, human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cell (hUB-MSCs) has been regarded as an alternative source for stem cell therapy. In this study, we evaluated the effect of hypoxia preconditioning (HPC) on the expression of Nt-3, GFAP, Nestin, Oct-4 and Nanog genes and proliferative capacity of hUB-MSCs in comparison with normoxic conditions. HPC+Hypoxia protocol includes cultured hUB-MSCs for 15min at 2.5% O2 and after that reoxygenation for 30min at 21% O2 (HPC), and then hypoxia preconditioned hUB-MSCs subjected to 2.5% O2 for 72h (Hypoxia). Conclusively, the results showed that hypoxic preconditioning is an effective strategy for enhancing proliferation capacity of hUB-MSCs, and also can trigger expression of some of the neural genes. In addition, the concept of involvement of oxygen tension in the expression of some of the neural genes of hUB-MSCs would be a good sign of enhanced neural differentiation potential in vitro.
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Hipóxia Celular/genética , Transplante de Células-Tronco de Sangue do Cordão Umbilical/métodos , Células-Tronco Mesenquimais/metabolismo , Diferenciação Celular , Proliferação de Células , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Humanos , Imunofenotipagem , Células-Tronco Mesenquimais/citologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Extracellular vesicles are particles ranged from 30 nm to 5µm and subcategorized into three groups; exosomes, microvesicles and apoptotic bodies, each of which have different biological impact. Lack of a standard method for the detection and isolation of MVs has led to a challenging issue that is a worth considering. In this study, we isolated MVs from the conditioned medium of UC-MSCs by four different schemes of ultracentrifugation. METHODS: We examined the efficacy of differential centrifugation ranging from 10,000×g to 60,000×g on UCMSCs- derived microvesicles yield and purity. The fractions were evaluated by Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) method, total protein quantification and flow cytometry. RESULTS: UC-MSCs were spindle cells that adhered to plastic culture flasks. These cells expressed MSC markers such as CD44 and CD73, whereas were negative for hematopoietic markers CD45 and CD34. UC-MSCparticles were successfully isolated. Particles were heterogeneous vesicles of approximately 50 to 1250 nm in diameter that bear the surface-expressed molecules UC-MSCs such as; CD90, CD106, CD166 and CD44, and negative for CD34, CD63, and CD9. According to the results of DLS method, centrifugation at 10,000, 20,000, 40,000 and 60,000 ×g, all gave MVs of less than 1000 nm. It is of notion that only at the centrifugation rates of 40,000 and 60,000×g, particles of less than 100 nm in diameter were also obtained. CONCLUSION: The choice of exact speed greatly influences the purity of MVs and their yield. Our findings indicate that centrifugation at 20,000×g is appropriate for the purification of UC-MSC-MVs.
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Umbilical cord blood (UCB) is one of the most important sources of hematopoietic stem cells which can be used for transplantation. The transplanted CB stem cells might cause infections in recipients. The aim of this study is to evaluate Human Herpes Virus8 (HHV8) as a Rhadinovirus among CB samples in order to assess safety of cord blood stem cells transplantation. To assess this aim, we surveyed 800 cord blood specimens by Real Time PCR.The overall HHV8 incidence in cord blood mononuclear cells was 1.38% and none of them was in lytic phase of HHV8. The authors suggest further HHV8 study on CB samples for transplantation.
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Doadores de Sangue , Transplante de Células-Tronco de Sangue do Cordão Umbilical , Sangue Fetal/virologia , Genoma Viral , Herpesvirus Humano 8 , Leucócitos Mononucleares/virologia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real/métodos , Feminino , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMO
Human Parvovirus 4 (PARV4) is an emerging virus infecting individuals with other blood-borne diseases. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of PARV4 in confirmed HTLVI/II positive samples from blood donors, assessing PARV4 viral load (DNA) and genotyping. METHODS: A novel qReal-Time PCR, based on a plasmid construct, was developed to simultaneously detect all three PARV4 genotypes using in-house primers and probes. Positive qPCR samples were subjected to nested PCR amplification and subsequent sequencing. Phylogenetic trees were constructed using the Neighbor-joining (N.J.) method. RESULTS: The coinfection rate of PARV4-DNA in HTLVI/II confirmed infected donors, who were previously deferred, was 14.4 % (13 out of 90), with no observed association with donation status (p = 1.0). Phylogenetic analysis indicated that PARV4-positive samples closely resembled genotype 2 in Iran.qPCR quantification demonstrated significant PARV4 viral loads in positive samples, ranging between 104 and 106 DNA copies/mL of serum. CONCLUSION: This study presents the first evaluation of HTLVI/II and PARV4coinfection rates among blood donors. Notably, elevated PARV4-DNA titers were detected in HTLVI/II-positive donors. Given PARV's resistance to standard plasma refinery inactivation methods and the absence of its targeted inactivation, its potential impact remains a concern.
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Introduction: Teriparatide is a recombinant analog of the parathyroid hormone and an anabolic treatment modality for osteoporosis. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of biosimilar teriparatide (CinnoPar®, CinnaGen Co., Iran) in osteoporotic patients after at least one year of treatment. Methods: In this multi-center, single-arm study, 239 eligible patients received subcutaneous injections of biosimilar teriparatide 20 µg once daily for at least one year. The main outcome measure was the change in bone mineral density (BMD) T-score from baseline (pre-treatment) to end of the study (post-treatment). In addition, the change in the fracture risk assessment tool (FRAX) score was calculated to estimate the 10-year probability of major and hip fractures pre-and post-treatment. Results: A total of 239 patients (age, 63 ± 12.14 years; female, 88.28 %) were included, of which 27.62 % (66/239), 14.64 % (35/239), and 57.74 % (138/239) received biosimilar teriparatide for 12-16 months, 17-20 months, and 21-24 months, respectively. From baseline to end of the study, the T-score at the lumbar spine increased from -2.67 ± 1.04 to -2.26 ± 1.11 (mean percent change, 13.07 ± 62.89; p-value<0.001). Similarly, the T-score at femoral neck increased from -2.18 ± 0.87 to -2.09 ± 0.93 (mean percent change, 3.81 ± 31.52; p-value = 0.006). The proportions of patients with maintained or improved BMD T-score at the lumbar spine and femoral neck sites were 85.36 % (204/239) and 69.04 % (165/239), respectively. Similar results were obtained in subgroups of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and those with a history of a previous fracture or parental hip fracture. FRAX scores did not change significantly during the study (p-values of 0.551 and 0.973 at the lumbar spine and femoral neck, respectively). Conclusion: We observed considerable improvements in BMD following treatment with the biosimilar teriparatide for one year or more. The biosimilar teriparatide can be considered as an effective treatment option in female and male patients with osteoporosis.
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AIMS: Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T-cell is a breakthrough in cancer immunotherapy. The primary step of successful CAR T cell therapy is designing a specific single-chain fragment variable (scFv). This study aims to verify the designed anti-BCMA (B cell maturation antigen) CAR using bioinformatic techniques with the following experimental evaluations. MAIN METHODS: Following the second generation of anti-BCMA CAR designing, the protein structure, function prediction, physicochemical complementarity at the ligand-receptor interface, and biding sites analysis of anti-BCMA CAR construct were confirmed using different modeling and docking server, including Expasy, I-TASSER, HDock, and PyMOL software. To generate CAR T-cells, isolated T cells were transduced. Then, anti-BCMA CAR mRNA and its surface expression were confirmed by real-time -PCR and flow cytometry methods, respectively. To evaluate the surface expression of anti-BCMA CAR, anti-(Fab')2 and anti-CD8 antibodies were employed. Finally, anti-BCMA CAR T cells were co-cultured with BCMA+/- cell lines to assess the expression of CD69 and CD107a as activation and cytotoxicity markers. KEY FINDINGS: In-silico results approved the suitable protein folding, perfect orientation, and correct locating of functional domains at the receptor-ligand binding site. The in-vitro results confirmed high expression of scFv (89 ± 1.15% (and CD8α (54 ± 2.88%). The expression of CD69 (91.97 ± 1.7%) and CD107a (92.05 ± 1.29%) were significantly increased, indicating appropriate activation and cytotoxicity. SIGNIFICANCE: In-silico studies before experimental assessments are crucial for state-of-art CAR designing. Highly activation and cytotoxicity of anti-BCMA CAR T-cell revealed that our CAR construct methodology would be applicable to define the road map of CAR T cell therapy.
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Mieloma Múltiplo , Receptores de Antígenos Quiméricos , Humanos , Antígeno de Maturação de Linfócitos B/genética , Antígeno de Maturação de Linfócitos B/metabolismo , Mieloma Múltiplo/genética , Mieloma Múltiplo/terapia , Ligantes , Imunoterapia Adotiva/métodos , Receptores de Antígenos Quiméricos/genética , Receptores de Antígenos Quiméricos/metabolismo , Linfócitos TRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: This study aims to establish an informative dynamic prediction model of treatment outcomes using follow-up records of tuberculosis (TB) patients, which can timely detect cases when the current treatment plan may not be effective. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We used 122 267 follow-up records from 17 958 new cases of pulmonary TB in the Republic of Moldova. A dynamic prediction framework integrating landmark modeling and machine learning algorithms was designed to predict patient outcomes during the course of treatment. Sensitivity and positive predictive value (PPV) were calculated to evaluate performance of the model at critical time points. New measures were defined to determine when follow-up laboratory tests should be conducted to obtain most informative results. RESULTS: The random-forest algorithm performed better than support vector machine and penalized multinomial logistic regression models for predicting TB treatment outcomes. For all 3 outcome classes (ie, cured, not cured, and died after 24 months following treatment initiation), sensitivity and PPV of prediction models improved as more follow-up information was collected. Specifically, sensitivity and PPV increased from 0.55 to 0.84 and from 0.32 to 0.88, respectively, for the not cured class. CONCLUSION: The dynamic prediction framework utilizes longitudinal laboratory test results to predict patient outcomes at various landmarks. Sputum culture and smear results are among the important variables for prediction; however, the most recent sputum result is not always the most informative one. This framework can potentially facilitate a more effective treatment monitoring program and provide insights for policymakers toward improved guidelines on follow-up tests.
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Aprendizado de Máquina , Tuberculose , Algoritmos , Humanos , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Resultado do Tratamento , Tuberculose/diagnóstico , Tuberculose/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
Background and Objectives: Umbilical cord blood (UCB) was used to source hematopoietic stem cells in the past. Despite the apparent advantages of UCB transplantation, virus reactivation poses a considerable danger in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Human Parvovirus B19 is regarded as a potential threat to UCB contamination. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of parvovirus B19 in cord blood donors by Semi-Nested PCR. This study is the first largescale report of the B19 DNA in cord blood donors in Iran. Materials and Methods: A total of 691 umbilical cord blood were collected under standard procedure. Then, DNA from buffy coat and plasma were extracted, and semi-nested PCR was performed for all samples. Results: Two out of 691 samples (0.29%) indicated viremia in plasma and buffy coat. Conclusion: In this line, designing and validating a quantitative PCR assay for detection, quantification, and discrimination of Human B19 DNA genotypes of cord blood donors is necessary to enhance the safety of this source of stem cells.
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OBJECTIVE: There have been various reports on the roles of CXC receptors (CXCR) in modulation of hematopoiesis. In the present study, we investigated the effects of CXCR1 and/or CXCR2 inhibition on expansion and differentiation of umbilical cord blood (UCB) CD133(+) cells into megakaryocytic progenitors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Purified UCB CD133(+) cells were cultured in a serum-free liquid culture either in the presence or absence of neutralizing anti-CXCR1 and/or anti-CXCR2 antibodies in combination with a conventional cytokine cocktail for up to 14days. Expression of megakaryocytic lineage markers (CD41 and CD61) and determination of ploidy level were determined by flowcytometry. In addition, colony-forming unit assay was performed using CD133(+) cultures in serum-free collagen-based medium containing the cytokine cocktail plus neutralizing CXCR1 and -R2 antibodies. Colony forming unit-megakaryocyte (CFU-MKs) and non-MKs were counted after immunocytochemistry staining on day 12. RESULTS: We show that while simultaneous inhibition of both CXCR1 and -R2 causes a significant reduction in the fold expansion of UCB CD133(+) cells, it also leads to an increase in percentages of CD61(+), CD41(+), and CFU-MK populations. CONCLUSION: CXCR1 and CXCR2 play significant roles in the suppression of megakaryopoiesis. We demonstrate that blocking of this suppressive effect by a simultaneous inhibition of both receptors can enhance the differentiation of UCB CD133(+) cells into megakayocytic progenitors.
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Antígenos CD/imunologia , Diferenciação Celular/imunologia , Sangue Fetal/citologia , Glicoproteínas/imunologia , Células Progenitoras de Megacariócitos/fisiologia , Peptídeos/imunologia , Receptores de Interleucina-8A/imunologia , Receptores de Interleucina-8B/imunologia , Antígeno AC133 , Animais , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Separação Celular , Células Cultivadas , Feminino , Citometria de Fluxo , Humanos , Imunofenotipagem , Ploidias , GravidezRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Umbilical cord blood (UCB) is a rich source of hematopoietic cells. Here, for the first time, we surveyed the effects of different concentrations of platelet growth factors and cytokine cocktail (CC) on the expansion and differentiation of UCB CD133(+) stem cells into megakaryocyte progenitors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: UCB CD133(+) cells were separated by magnetic cell sorting and cultured in different concentrations of platelet growth factors in combination with a CC containing interleukins 3 and 6, stem cell factor, and thrombopoietin. Cell expansion and differentiation were assessed using mononuclear cell count and flow cytometry. RESULTS: The results show that either activated platelet-rich plasma or the platelet supernatant, when added in the first day of culture, significantly suppress the expansion of CD133(+) cells after 7 days in culture (p < 0.05). By contrast, the expression of CD41, CD61, and CD42b markers in the presence of all platelet growth factors increased compared with that of the control (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Taken together, platelet growth factors in the presence of CC suppress ex vivo expansion of UCB CD133(+) cells and enhance their differentiation into megakaryocytic progenitor cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner.
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Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/citologia , Peptídeos e Proteínas de Sinalização Intercelular/metabolismo , Células Progenitoras de Megacariócitos/citologia , Fator de Crescimento Derivado de Plaquetas/metabolismo , Células-Tronco/metabolismo , Trombopoese , Antígeno AC133 , Antígenos CD/análise , Plaquetas , Células Cultivadas , Citocinas/metabolismo , Feminino , Sangue Fetal/citologia , Citometria de Fluxo , Glicoproteínas/análise , Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/metabolismo , Humanos , Integrina beta3/metabolismo , Células Progenitoras de Megacariócitos/metabolismo , Peptídeos/análise , Complexo Glicoproteico GPIb-IX de Plaquetas/metabolismo , Glicoproteína IIb da Membrana de Plaquetas/metabolismo , Plasma Rico em Plaquetas/metabolismo , GravidezRESUMO
There is little evidence on roles of growth factors other than cytokines in expansion of cord blood (CB) stem cells. We aimed to explore a novel approach for expansion, using Substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) neuropeptides. CB CD34(+) cells were cultured in different concentrations of SP and/or CGRP in combination with a cytokine cocktail. Phenotypic and functional analysis was performed by flowcytometry and colonogenic assay. Our results show a significant improvement of total expansion of neuropeptide treated cells. There was a selective effect of CGRP on CD34(+) CD133(+) cells, SP on CD34(+) CD45(dim) cells, and 10(- 9) M SP and/or CGRP on expansion of CD34(+) CD38(- ) cells. There was also a tendency for erythroid and granulocyte-myeloid colony formation in SP and CGRP treated cultures, respectively. Supplementation of cytokines with other growth factors, such as neuropeptides, might enable us to overcome the difficulties of ex vivo expansion of CB cells.
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Antígenos CD34/metabolismo , Peptídeo Relacionado com Gene de Calcitonina/farmacologia , Sangue Fetal/citologia , Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/efeitos dos fármacos , Peptídeos e Proteínas de Sinalização Intercelular/farmacologia , Substância P/farmacologia , Peptídeo Relacionado com Gene de Calcitonina/metabolismo , Diferenciação Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Divisão Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Cultivadas , Meios de Cultura , Citocinas/metabolismo , Citometria de Fluxo , Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/citologia , Humanos , Neuropeptídeos/farmacologiaRESUMO
Modulation of adhesion molecules expression on the surface of cord blood (CB) CD34(+) cells may assist in overcoming the delay in cord blood engraftment. Likewise, utilization of diverse growth factors such as neuropeptides could also be helpful. Therefore, we aimed to assess the role of Substance P (SP) along with a cytokine cocktail on CB CD34(+) adhesion molecule expression. CB CD34(+) cells were cultured in a serum-free media containing different concentrations of SP in combination with a cytokine cocktail (SCF, FL, TPO, IL-3, and IL-6). Expression of adhesion molecules CXCR4, CD44, CD49e, and CD62L was analyzed after 7 and/or 11 days of cell cultivation. Additionally, the colonogenic capacity of cells was analyzed by colony formation unit assay. Our results show an enhanced percentage of CD34(+)cells with CXCR4, CD44, and CD62L on day 7, as compared with control. Furthermore, an increase in frequency was observed for CD49e(+) CD34(+)cells by day 7 in both test and control groups compared with day 0. Colonogenic assays show occurrence of more total colony formation and immature progenitor cells in SP-treated cells. Our study indicates that SP could act as an effective modulator for expression of cell adhesion molecules.
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Moléculas de Adesão Celular/biossíntese , Sangue Fetal/citologia , Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/efeitos dos fármacos , Substância P/farmacologia , Antígenos CD34/sangue , Células Cultivadas , Meios de Cultura Livres de Soro/farmacologia , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Citometria de Fluxo , Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/citologia , Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/metabolismo , Humanos , Receptores de Hialuronatos/biossíntese , Integrina alfa5/sangue , Interleucina-3/farmacologia , Interleucina-6/farmacologia , Selectina L/biossíntese , Neurotransmissores/farmacologia , Receptores CXCR4/biossíntese , Fator de Células-Tronco/farmacologia , Trombopoetina/farmacologia , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
Umbilical cord blood (UCB) is a valuable source of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and potential alternative for bone marrow transplantation for patients who lack human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-matched donors. The main practical advantages of UCB over other HSC sources are the immediate availability, lower incidence of graft-versus-host disease, minimal risk to the donor, and lower requirement for HLA compatibility. However, the use of UCB is limited by delayed engraftment and poor immune reconstitution, leading to a high rate of infection-related mortality. Therefore, severe infectious complications, especially due to viral pathogens remain the leading cause of morbidity and mortality during the post-UCB transplantation (UCBT) period. In this context, careful screening and excluding the viral-contaminated UCB units might be an effective policy to reduce the rate of UCBT-related infection and mortality. Taken together, complete prevention of the transmission of donor-derived viral pathogens in stem cell transplantation is not possible. However, having the knowledge of the transmission route and prevalence of viruses will improve the safety of transplantation. To the best of our knowledge, there are few studies that focused on the risk of virus transmission through the UCB transplant compared to other HSC sources. This review summarizes the general aspects concerning the prevalence, characteristics, and risk factors of viral infections with a focus on the impact of viral pathogens on cord blood transplantation safety.
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The cytosolic members of the heat shock protein 70 (HSP-70) family have been shown to elicit protective cell mediated immunity in animal tumor models. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the HSP-70 enriched lysate of heated tumor cells as vaccines in cancer immunotherapy in the mouse model for WEHI-164 fibrosarcoma. Three animal bearing tumor groups were investigated: test group; vaccinated with enriched HSP-70 tumor lysate, control group I; vaccinated with tumor lysate only and control group II; received PBS. The results indicated that vaccinated mice in the test group had resulted in a significant reduction in tumor size and longer survival. To find the mechanism of these results, we measured the splenocytes proliferation, tumor infiltrated lymphocytes and cytotoxic activity of the splenocytes. The results indicated a significant increase in the proliferation of mouse splenocytes, a significant increase in the CD8+ lymphocytes as well as significant increase in the cytotoxic activity of splenocytes against the target cells in the test group. In addition, we analyzed the shifting of Th1/Th2 in all the groups. The results indicated a significant increase in the IFN-gamma production in the test group. These findings provided a useful therapeutic model for development of approaches to cancer treatments.
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Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Vacinas Anticâncer/farmacologia , Extratos Celulares/farmacologia , Fibrossarcoma/tratamento farmacológico , Fibrossarcoma/patologia , Proteínas de Choque Térmico HSP70/farmacologia , Animais , Antineoplásicos/imunologia , Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos/efeitos dos fármacos , Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos/imunologia , Vacinas Anticâncer/imunologia , Extratos Celulares/imunologia , Feminino , Fibrossarcoma/imunologia , Proteínas de Choque Térmico HSP70/imunologia , Imunoterapia Ativa , Imunoterapia Adotiva , Injeções Subcutâneas , Interferon gama/biossíntese , Linfócitos do Interstício Tumoral/efeitos dos fármacos , Linfócitos do Interstício Tumoral/imunologia , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Baço/imunologia , Taxa de Sobrevida , Subpopulações de Linfócitos T/imunologia , Linfócitos T Citotóxicos/imunologia , Resultado do Tratamento , Carga Tumoral/efeitos dos fármacos , Carga Tumoral/imunologia , Células Tumorais Cultivadas/química , Células Tumorais Cultivadas/imunologiaRESUMO
There is an urgent need to identify targeting molecules to control invasion and metastasis in cancer patients. We first isolated cancer stem cells (CSCs) from SKOV3 ovarian cancer cells and then investigated the role of melatonin in invasiveness and migration of CSCs compared to SKOV3 cells. The proportion of CSCs in SKOV3 cells was as low as 1.28% with overexpression of both CD133 and CD44. The ability of spheroid formation along with SOX2 overexpression revealed a high self-renewal potential in isolated cells. Melatonin (3.4 mM) inhibited proliferation of CSCs by 23% which was confirmed by a marked decrease in protein expression of Ki67, as a proliferation marker. Applying luzindole, a melatonin receptor 1, 2 inhibitor, partially abolished anti-proliferative effect of melatonin. Melatonin also decreased Epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) related gene expressions including ZEB1, ZEB2, snail and vimentin with increase in E-cadherin as a negative EMT regulator. Incubation of CSCs with melatonin showed a marked decrease in matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) expression and activity. Melatonin also inhibited CSCs migration in a partially receptor dependent and PI3k and MAPK independent manner. Melatonin can be considered as an important adjuvant to control invasion and metastasis especially in patients with high melatonin receptor expression.
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Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Melatonina/farmacologia , Células-Tronco Neoplásicas/metabolismo , Caderinas/metabolismo , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Movimento Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Regulação para Baixo/efeitos dos fármacos , Transição Epitelial-Mesenquimal/efeitos dos fármacos , Feminino , Humanos , Antígeno Ki-67/metabolismo , Metaloproteinase 2 da Matriz/genética , Metaloproteinase 2 da Matriz/metabolismo , Metaloproteinase 9 da Matriz/metabolismo , Células-Tronco Neoplásicas/citologia , Células-Tronco Neoplásicas/efeitos dos fármacos , Neoplasias Ovarianas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Ovarianas/patologia , Vimentina/metabolismoRESUMO
BACKGROUND/AIM: The purpose of this study was to examine steroid pretreatment in order to decrease postoperative coagulopathy disorders and bleeding. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this randomized double-blinded study, the efficacy of low versus high doses of methylprednisolone on the coagulation system and postoperative bleeding was compared in patients who were undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). The platelet response to agonists, D-dimer concentration, tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) antigens, and platelet receptors CD42b, CD62P, and CD41a were evaluated. RESULTS: The platelet response to agonists was reduced. The mean concentrations of D-dimer and tPA antigen increased although PAI-1 concentration did not show any significant changes following heparin neutralization. Postoperative expression of CD42b showed no changes in comparison with preoperation values in both groups. There was a significant increase in the expression of CD62P with a methylprednisolone dose of 15 mg/kg, while there was just a slight increase with a dose of 5 mg/kg. CD41a, as a fibrinogen receptor, was increased significantly after CPB in both groups. Significant data were shown in decreasing blood loss with a high dose of methylprednisolone. CONCLUSION: Methylprednisolone at a dose of 15 mg/kg reduced bleeding, probably by increasing CD62P after heparin neutralization, which can activate platelet activation in favor of better hemostasis.
Assuntos
Fibrinólise , Ponte Cardiopulmonar , Hemorragia , Humanos , Metilprednisolona , Ativador de Plasminogênio TecidualRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To estimate and report the prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in pregnant women of Bandar Abbas, a city in southern Iran. METHODS: From March 2002 to March 2004, 800 pregnant women underwent assessment for GDM in obstetrics clinics in Bandar Abbas. The medical history and risk factors for GDM were recorded, and the weight, height, and blood pressure were measured. All the women were screened for GDM by a 1-hour, 50-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), with a cutoff point of 130 mg/dL. All patients with a "positive" screening test result underwent a 3-hour OGTT with 100 g of glucose. RESULTS: The prevalence rate of GDM in our study was 6.3% (95% confidence interval, 4.7% to 8.4%) and 8.9% (95% confidence interval, 6.9% to 11.3%) with use of the National Diabetes Data Group and the Carpenter and Coustan criteria, respectively. The patients with GDM were significantly older than the normal group of pregnant women (28.2 +/- 5.6 years versus 24.6 +/- 5.2 years, respectively) (P<0.001). The mean number of pregnancies, systolic blood pressure, and body mass index (BMI) were significantly higher in the GDM group than in the normal pregnant women (P<0.05). Among the recorded risk factors, only age (3)25 years, history of macrosomia in previous newborns, and BMI (3)25 kg/m2 were significantly more prevalent in the GDM group than in the normal group (P<0.05). If selective screening criteria for GDM had been applied, 11.3% of patients with GDM would have been missed. CONCLUSION: This study showed a higher prevalence of GDM in Bandar Abbas in comparison with other parts of Iran. Screening for GDM in all pregnant women in Bandar Abbas seems necessary, regardless of the presence of risk factors for GDM.
Assuntos
Diabetes Gestacional/diagnóstico , Diabetes Gestacional/epidemiologia , Adulto , Glicemia/análise , Pressão Sanguínea , Estatura , Peso Corporal , Diabetes Gestacional/fisiopatologia , Feminino , Teste de Tolerância a Glucose , Humanos , Irã (Geográfico)/epidemiologia , Programas de Rastreamento , Gravidez , Prevalência , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (UCB-MSCs) are ideally suited for use in various cell-based therapies. We investigated a novel induction protocol (NIP) to improve the neuronal differentiation of human UCB-MSCs under appropriate conditions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This experimental study was performed in Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization (IBTO), Tehran, Iran. UCB-MSCs were cultured in DMEM medium supplemented with 10% FBS in a humidified incubator in equilibration with 5% CO2 at 37°C. For neuronal differentiation of UCB-MSCs, DMEM was removed and replaced with pre-induction medium containing RA, bFGF, EGF, and basal medium for two days. Then, NGF, IBMX, AsA, and Neurobasal medium were used for six days for this purpose. Real-time PCR was performed to analyze the neuronal differentiation of UCB-MSCs for the first time in Iran. RESULTS: We found that the maximum and minimum levels of gene expression were related to GFAP and nestin, respectively. In addition, our study showed that compared to other neuronal inducers, RA might play the main role in neuronal differentiation and fate of MSCs compared to other neuronal inducers. CONCLUSION: Our data showed that the combination of chemical (RA, IBMX, AsA) and growth factors (NGF, EGF, bFGF) in NIP may improve the efficiency of neuronal differentiation of UCB-MSCs and may provide a new method for easy and quick application of UCB-MSCs in regenerative medicine in the future. However, the functionality of neuron-like cells must be carefully assessed in animal experiments prior to use in clinical applications.