The ameliorating effects of anthocyanins on the cross-linked signaling pathways of cancer dysregulated metabolism.

Cancer cells underlie the dysregulated metabolism of carbohydrate, lipid and protein and thereby, employ interconnected cross-linked signaling pathways to supply adequate energy for growth and related biosynthetic procedures. In the present study, a comprehensive review of cancer metabolism and anthocyanin's effect was conducted using the existing electronic databases, including Medline, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, as well as related articles in the field. Such keywords as "cancer", and "cancer metabolism" in the title/abstract/keyword and all the "anthocyanins" in the whole text were used. Data were collected without time restriction until February 2020. The results indicated the involvement of several signaling pathways, including inflammatory PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, Bax/Bcl-2/caspases as apoptosis modulators, and NF-κB/Nrf2 as oxidative stress mediators in the cancer dysregulated metabolism. Compelling studies have shown that targeting these pathways, as critical hallmarks of cancer, plays a critical role in combating cancer dysregulated metabolism. The complexity of cancer metabolism signaling pathways, along with toxicity, high costs, and resistance to conventional drugs urge the need to investigate novel multi-target agents. Increasing evidence has introduced plant-derived secondary metabolites as hopeful anticancer candidates which target multiple dysregulated cross-linked pathways of cancer metabolism. Amongst these metabolites, anthocyanins have demonstrated positive anticancer effects by targeting inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptotic signaling pathways. The current study revealed the cross-linked signaling pathways of cancer metabolism, as well as the promising pharmacological mechanisms of anthocyanins in targeting the aforementioned signaling mediators. To overcome the pharmacokinetic limitations of anthocyanins in cancer treatment, their interactions with gut microbiota and the need to develop related nano-formulations were also considered.

Fe3O4@SiO2@CSH+VO3- as a novel recyclable heterogeneous catalyst with core-shell structure for oxidation of sulfides.

Iron nanoparticles, with low toxicity and many active sites, are among the materials that not only reduce waste along with green chemistry but also increase the separation power and recover the catalyst from the reaction environment. In this study, first, the surface of iron nanoparticles was silanized, and in the next step, the complex of chitosan HCl.VO3 was placed on the surface of Fe3O4 (Fe3O4@SiO2@CSH+VO3-). This nanocatalyst is a novel, recoverable, and potent nanocatalyst with high selectivity for the oxidation of sulfides to sulfoxides. Various physicochemical techniques such as IR, XRD, TGA, SEM, EDX, mapping, TEM, and VSM were used to affirm the well synthesis of the catalyst. Oxidation of sulfides in the presence of hydrogen peroxide as a green oxidant and in ethanol was catalyzed by the Fe3O4@SiO2@CSH+VO3-. All sulfoxides were achieved with high efficiency and in a short time. The notable privileges of this method include facile and economic catalyst synthesis, proper catalyst durability, great performance, simple catalyst isolation, good recovery capability, at least up to 5 times without an index drop in catalytic power.

A novel ZnS-CdS nanocomposite as a visible active photocatalyst for degradation of synthetic and real wastewaters.

In this study, new magnetic nanocomposites with shell core structure with different molar ratios of ZnS-CdS were synthesized and their photocatalytic activity in dye removal from synthetic and real effluents in the presence of mercury high pressure lamp as a visible light source was investigated. Optimal photocatalyst with molar ratio of ZnS-CdS 0.25:0.75 showed the best performance in dye removal. Based on the particle distribution histogram of Fe3O4@BNPs@ZnS-CdS (ZnS/CdS: 0.25:0.75), particles with 60-100 nm have the highest abundance. According to the DRS results, hybridization of zinc sulfide with cadmium sulfide reduced the gap and as a result, light absorption was successfully extended to the visible area. The PL results confirm that the optimal photocatalyst (Fe3O4@BNPs@ZnS-CdS) has the lowest electron-hole recombination compared to Fe3O4@BNPs@ZnS and Fe3O4@BNPs@CdS. It should be noted that according to the DLS results, the charge on the optical photocomposite surface is negative at all acidic, alkaline and neutral pHs. One of the significant advantages in this study is the use of high-pressure mercury lamps as a light source, so that these lamps are very economical in terms of economy and also have a long life and excellent efficiency. The optimal photocatalyst not only showed excellent photocatalytic activity for the removal of methylene blue (96.6%) and methyl orange (70.9%) but also for the dye removal of textile effluents (Benton 98.5% and dark olive 100%). Introduced magnetic heterostructures are suitable options for dye removal from textile and spinning wastewaters.

Fe3O4@BNPs@ZnO-ZnS as a novel, reusable and efficient photocatalyst for dye removal from synthetic and textile wastewaters.

In this study, new magnetic nanocomposites with different molar ratios of zinc oxide-zinc sulfide were synthesized together with photocatalysts MNPs@BNPs@ZnO and MNPs@ BNPs@ ZnS. The photocatalytic behavior of these hybrid nanocomposites under visible light and ultraviolet light was investigated to remove methylene blue (MB), methyl orange (MO) dyes, real textile and carton effluents. After studies, the best active photocatalyst in both visible light and ultraviolet light is MNPs@BNPs@ZnO-ZnS (ZnO/ZnS: 0.75:0.25), which displayed the best performance in the ultraviolet region. According to the TEM, the average particle size for MNPs@BNPs@ZnO-ZnS (ZnO/ZnS: 0.75:0.25) is between 10 and 30 nm. Zeta potential (DLS) showed that the charge on the photocatalyst surface is negative at most pHs. PL analysis confirmed that the amount of hole-electron recombination in the optimal photocatalyst is less than MNPs@BNPs@ZnO and MNPs@BNPs@ZnS. Also, based on kinetic studies, the rate constant for removing azo dyes such as MO and MB was 0.0186 and 0.0171 min-1, respectively. It is worth noting that in addition to the novelty of the synthesized photocatalysts, the UV and visible lamps used in this research are inexpensive, durable, and highly efficient.